热带医学与国际健康代表伦敦卫生和热带医学学院、瑞士热带和公共卫生研究所、热带医学和国际健康基金会、比利时热带医学研究所和伯恩哈德-诺希特热带医学研究所出版。热带医学与国际健康是欧洲热带医学与国际健康联合会 (FESTMIH) 的官方期刊。

Tropical Medicine and International Health is published by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, the Foundation for Tropical Medicine and International Health, the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Belgium, and the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. It serves as the official journal of the Federation of European Societies for Tropical Medicine and International Health (FESTMIH).

《Tropical Medicine and International Health》是由伦敦卫生与热带医学学院、瑞士热带与公共卫生研究所、热带医学与国际健康基金会、比利时热带医学研究所以及伯恩哈德-诺希特热带医学研究所共同出版的期刊。该期刊是欧洲热带医学与国际健康联合会（FESTMIH）的官方期刊。

Tropical Medicine and International Health

Non-laboratory-based cardiovascular risk prediction tools are feasible alternatives to laboratory-based tools in low- and middle-income countries. However, their effectiveness compared to their laboratory-based counterparts has not been adequately tested.

Mulugeta Molla Birhanu

Ayse Zengin

Roger G. Evans

Joosup Kim

Muideen T. Olaiya

Michael A. Riddell

Kartik Kalyanram

Kamakshi Kartik

Oduru Suresh

Nihal Thomas

Velandai K. Srikanth

Amanda G. Thrift

Tropical Medicine & International Health

Comparison of laboratory‐based and non‐laboratory‐based cardiovascular risk prediction tools in rural India

印度农村基于实验室与非实验室心血管风险预测工具的比较

Abstract Objectives Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect 340 million people worldwide and have a high impact on vulnerable populations. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the prevalence of these infections among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science databases on 17 May 2024, without time or language restriction, according to PRISMA guidelines. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the bias risk in the selected studies. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the random‐effects model and heterogeneity between studies was assessed with I 2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity. Results Seventy‐nine studies were included, encompassing over 230,000 inmates. The estimated prevalences of HBV, HCV and HIV were 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–1.0), 7.0% (95% CI: 6.0–8.0) and 4.0% (95% CI: 3.0–4.0), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the following prevalences: HBV among females was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–3.0) and among males was 10.0% (95% CI: 3.0–17.0); HCV among females and males was 12.0% (95% CI: 7.0%–17.0%); and HIV among females was 10.0% (95% CI: 5.0–15.0) and among males was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.0–10.0). Conclusions A substantial proportion of inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean are infected with HBV, HCV or HIV, underscoring the need for viral infection testing, primary care for inmates and increased efforts to promote public health policies for the prison system.

Mariana Cavalheiro Magri

Caroline Manchiero

Bianca Peixoto Dantas

Wanderley Marques Bernardo

Edson Abdala

Fátima Mitiko Tengan

<scp>HBV</scp>, <scp>HCV</scp> and <scp>HIV</scp> among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

拉丁美洲和加勒比地区囚犯中的<scp>乙肝病毒</scp>、<scp>丙肝病毒</scp>和<scp>艾滋病毒</scp>：一项系统综述和meta分析

Abstract The resurgence of mpox, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization in 2024, highlights gaps in global preparedness, particularly for marginalised populations. While much of the focus has been on men who have sex with men, survivors of sex trafficking remain overlooked, despite being highly vulnerable to mpox transmission. These individuals face significant health disparities, including limited access to healthcare, exposure to violence and forced sexual encounters in unsafe conditions, which amplify their risk of infection. The clandestine nature of trafficking further complicates public health interventions like contact tracing and vaccination efforts, leaving survivors at heightened risk of infection and limited access to critical health resources. Addressing these inequities requires targeted interventions, such as confidential testing, outreach, culturally sensitive healthcare and integrating mpox awareness into existing survivor support programmes. Additionally, public health systems must ensure equitable vaccine distribution, enhance surveillance and collaborate with anti‐trafficking organisations to improve prevention and care. A holistic approach that includes mental health support is crucial to address the unique challenges faced by trafficking survivors, ensuring they receive the protection and care needed during this global outbreak.

Olabode Ekerin

Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa

Isaac Olushola Ogunkola

Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi

Emery Manirambona

Mpox as an emerging health threat for survivors of sex trafficking

性贩运幸存者面临的新兴健康威胁：猴痘

Abstract Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired subclinical condition of the small intestine with lasting health implications for nutritional status, linear growth and development among children. EED is characterised by structural and functional changes to the gut barrier. There are no standardised diagnostic criteria, however, a number of biomarkers have been evaluated to capture EED domains. While the causes of EED are not fully understood, risk factors include poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and exposure to enteric pathogens. Very few studies have evaluated the impact of schistosomiasis on EED despite repeated intestinal damage from parasite eggs passing across the gut barrier. Methods In a cohort of 354 preschool‐aged children aged 12–47 months with Schistosoma mansoni infection recruited from the Lake Albert region of Uganda, we assessed exposure to water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and measured markers from each EED domain: intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin), epithelial damage (serum intestinal fatty‐acid binding‐protein), increased permeability (urine lactulose to mannitol ratio and faecal alpha‐1 antitrypsin) and microbial translocation (serum endotoxin core antibody). Results In multivariable linear regression models, we found that children whose drinking water was sourced from Lake Albert had higher concentrations of intestinal fatty‐acid binding‐protein ( β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.20–0.76, p &lt; 0.001), and lack of toilet/latrine access was associated with higher concentrations of calprotectin ( β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.18–0.78, p &lt; 0.01). Higher schistosomiasis intensity (eggs per gram of stool) was associated with higher calprotectin ( β = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.17, p = 0.01), but not with other EED markers. Conclusions Few studies have investigated schistosomiasis‐related morbidities in very young children infected with schistosomiasis. Our findings from Uganda show that poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions and heavier schistosomiasis burden are associated with intestinal inflammation and damage, contributing to EED. Improved treatment coverage for preschool‐aged children infected with schistosomiasis may reduce the burden from EED and associated long‐term morbidities.

Susannah Colt

Andrew Edielu

David Lewander

Hannah W. Wu

Emily L. Webb

Patrice A. Mawa

Racheal Nakyesige

A. Gloria K. Ayebazibwe

Jennifer F. Friedman

Amaya L. Bustinduy

Associations of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene and parasite burden with markers of environmental enteric dysfunction in preschool‐age children infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda

乌干达感染曼氏血吸虫的学龄前儿童中，不良水、卫生和卫生条件与寄生虫负担与环境肠道功能障碍标志物的关联

Abstract Background Sporotrichosis is a neglected tropical disease and the most common subcutaneous mycosis, mainly caused by Sporothrix species, particularly S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii and S. globosa , which exhibit varying biological behaviours and virulence. The epidemic of sporotrichosis in Brazil, initiated in Rio de Janeiro in the late 1990s, rapidly spread to other states, including Amazonas in 2021. This study aimed to identify the specific Sporothrix species responsible for the human sporotrichosis outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted by enrolling clinically suspected cases of sporotrichosis attended at a reference dermatologic centre, in Manaus (Brazil). Biological material was collected from their skin lesions for culture (Mycosel) and for species identification (qPCR). Results Sporothrix cultures were obtained from 150 cases. Sporotrichosis predominantly affected females (67.3%), aged 44.5 years on average, with lymphocutaneous lesions (72.7%). Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified in 89.3% of patients. Up to 83.3% of these patients reported contact with cats previously to the skin lesion, and the time‐spatial progression of the human cases followed the notification of cases in cats, in the metropolitan region of Manaus. Conclusion Sporothrix brasiliensis is the dominant species in the zoonotic outbreak of human sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Amazon, with cats identified as the primary vectors. Effective sanitary control measures, education and responsible pet ownership are crucial to mitigating zoonotic sporotrichosis' impact in Brazil and preventing its spread to neighbouring Latin American cities.

Guilherme Caldas de Souza

Euzenio Moreira de Brito

Débora Cristina de Lima Fernandes

Maria Zeli Moreira Frota

Felipe Jules de Araújo Santos

Cynthia de Oliveira Ferreira

Camila Gurgel dos Santos Silva

Silvia Rocha Nakajima

Silmara Navarro Pennini

Sinesio Talhari

Valderiza Lourenço Pedrosa

Marcelo Mira

Helio Amante Miot

Carolina Talhari

André Luiz Leturiondo

Sporothrix brasiliensis as the major causative species of the zoonotic outbreak of human sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Amazon

巴西副球孢子菌是巴西亚马逊地区人类孢子丝菌病动物流行爆发的主要致病物种

Abstract Objectives To investigate the differences in clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters between elderly and young patients with newly diagnosed smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam. Methods This retrospective analysis included all patients hospitalised with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with acid‐fast bacilli‐positive smear. Clinical symptoms, laboratory results and chest X‐ray findings were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Elderly was defined as those patients aged 65 years and older. Results A total of 183 patients diagnosed with new acid‐fast bacilli‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study, with a mean age of 56.2 ± 16.3 years (minimum = 18 and maximum = 87 years). Seventy‐seven participants were aged ≥65 years, accounting for 42.1% of participants. A total of 147 (80.3%) patients were male, and the sex ratio of male/female was 4.1. Night sweats were statistically more frequent among younger patients (34.9% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.04), whereas muscle and joint pain were more predominant among the elderly (7.6% vs. 22.1%, p = 0.01). A proportion of 67.0% of younger patients and 63.6% of the elderly group were bilaterally affected. Cavitation lesions were significantly more frequent in the younger group (55.7% vs. 39.0%, p = 0.03), whereas pulmonary fibrosis occurred more frequently in elderly patients (29.3% vs. 45.4%, p = 0.02). No other significant differences in clinical symptoms, laboratory results and chest X‐ray findings were observed. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of considering age‐related variations in the clinical and radiological presentation of tuberculosis, which can guide tailored approaches in diagnosis, management and treatment strategies for different age groups.

Khanh Linh Duong

Duc Manh Bui

Khanh Linh Dang

Manh Cuong Nguyen

Thi Huong Quynh Pham

Thi Huyen Trang Tran

Thi Thuy Vo

Van Du Pham

Van Duc Doan

Nang Trong Hoang

Thi Van Anh Tran

Xuan Thuy Tran

Thi Hanh Nguyen

Trung Kien Nguyen

Thi Han Bui

Philippe Gautret

Van Thuan Hoang

Thi Loi Dao

Differences in clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters between elderly and young patients with newly diagnosed smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam

越南新诊断涂阳肺结核老年患者与年轻患者在临床、影像学及实验室参数上的差异

Abstract Background Implementation studies indicate that the addition of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment services into the community health extension workers' tasks—that is ‘task‐shifting’—improved case detection and treatment outcomes in Ethiopia. Given resource and operational constraints, only a limited number of areas can be targeted by an expanded task‐shifting program. Therefore, we mapped the distributional disparities in tuberculosis services across regions and districts and modelled the equity pathways towards optimising national scale‐up of this task‐shifting intervention in Ethiopia. Methods We used data from various sources including District Health Information Software 2; demographic, geospatial and topographic data; and previously published implementation study findings. We developed methods to integrate these datasets and to calculate the proportion of health facilities with tuberculosis services, the district population to health centre ratio, and the proportion of district population living within 2h walking distance from a health centre. Equity and disparities were then measured in terms of: tuberculosis services coverage; health centre adequacy, that is the district population served by health centres; and spatial access adequacy, that is the district population with health centre access within a two‐hour walking distance. Subsequently, districts were ranked according to these measures to allow prioritisation of the health extension worker task‐shifting intervention. Results Tuberculosis services coverage varied from 54% in Afar region to 100% in Harari region, and health centre inadequacy ranged from 10% of districts in Benishangul‐Gumuz to 87% in Sidama. After spatial access adjustment, health centre inadequacy ranged from 7% of districts in Sidama to 91% in Somali; and tuberculosis services inadequacy from 7% of districts in Sidama to 97% in Afar. Task‐shifting implemented in inadequate districts (55% of all districts) could raise national case detection rate from 66% (currently) to 88% and treatment success rate from 93% to 99%; Benishangul‐Gumuz achieving the largest increase of all regions. Conclusions Access to effective tuberculosis services presents substantial disparities across districts in Ethiopia, due to both health system and tuberculosis‐specific factors. Jointly considering both types of factors would enable prioritisation of districts where health extension workers would be most impactful.

Fentabil Getnet

Tom Forzy

Latera Tesfaye

Awoke Misganaw

Solomon Tessema Memirie

Shewayiref Geremew

Tezera Moshago Berheto

Naod Wendrad

Bantalem Yeshanew Yihun

Mizan Kiros Mirutse

Fasil Tsegaye

Mesay Hailu Dangisso

Stéphane Verguet

Inequalities in tuberculosis control in Ethiopia: A district‐level distributional modelling analysis

埃塞俄比亚结核病控制中的不平等现象：一项基于地区层面的分布建模分析

Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii ( Ab ) has emerged in the last decades as a cause of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in tropical and subtropical regions. We previously conducted the first investigation on this topic in France with a case series of severe CAP‐ Ab in Reunion Island over an eight‐year period. In the present work, we aim to highlight the specific aspects of CAP‐ Ab by comparing our case series with an historical cohort (PAC_RUN), obtained by retrospective chart review (2016–2021) of severe community‐acquired pneumonia cases on Reunion Island, in which CAP‐ Ab was ruled out. During the study period, eight CAP‐ Ab cases were identified, giving an incidence of 0.1 cases per 100,000 people/year, and an incidence of 16.5 cases per 100,000 people/year for non‐ Ab‐ related CAP ( n = 761). By comparing with non‐ Ab‐ related CAP, patients had more excessive alcohol use (75% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.005) and lower body mass index (21 vs. 24 kg/m 2 , p = 0.004). Six cases (75%) of CAP‐ Ab occurred during the rainy season ( p = 0.06). Mortality was higher (62.5% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.02) and time to death was shorter (median 2 days vs. 7, p = 0.009) in the CAP‐ Ab group. Bacteraemic pneumonia was strongly associated with CAP‐ Ab (62.5% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.004). Significant differences were found in the need for renal replacement therapy (75% vs. 17.2%, p &lt; 0.001), catecholamine use (100% vs. 54.5%, p = 0.01) and use of invasive mechanical ventilation (100% vs. 62.7%, p = 0.03). Also, in the proportion of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (62.5% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.02), septic shock (100% vs. 40.6%, p &lt; 0.001), and cardiogenic shock (87.5% vs. 15.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Compared to severe non‐ Ab‐ related CAP, severe CAP‐ Ab is characterised by higher mortality, associated with a high frequency of multiple organ failure. Excessive alcohol consumption and malnutrition seem to be risk factors. To improve outcomes, broader spectrum antibiotic therapy must be immediately proposed when CAP‐ Ab is suspected.

Giacomo Rotini

Axel de Mangou

Agathe Combe

Amelie Renou

Chloe Combe

Radj Cally

Marie Lagrange‐Xelot

Nicolas Allou

Guillaume Miltgen

Charles Vidal

Severe community‐acquired pneumonia compared to severe community‐acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Reunion Island: A retrospective study

留尼汪岛社区获得性重症肺炎与社区获得性重症鲍曼不动杆菌肺炎的比较：一项回顾性研究

Abbreviation	Trop Med Int Health
Journal Impact	2.70
Quartiles(Global)	TROPICAL MEDICINE(Q2)

ISSN	1360-2276, 1365-3156
h-index	130

Publication Information	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1996，Proportion of original research papers: 75.73%，Self Citation Rate:3.80%， Gold OA Rate: 30.43%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均6月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约50%

Tropical Medicine and International Health

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Comparison of laboratory‐based and non‐laboratory‐based cardiovascular risk prediction tools in rural India

HBV, HCV and HIV among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Mpox as an emerging health threat for survivors of sex trafficking

Associations of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene and parasite burden with markers of environmental enteric dysfunction in preschool‐age children infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda

Sporothrix brasiliensis as the major causative species of the zoonotic outbreak of human sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Amazon

HBV, HCV and HIV among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Comparison of laboratory‐based and non‐laboratory‐based cardiovascular risk prediction tools in rural India

Differences in clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters between elderly and young patients with newly diagnosed smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam

Inequalities in tuberculosis control in Ethiopia: A district‐level distributional modelling analysis

Severe community‐acquired pneumonia compared to severe community‐acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Reunion Island: A retrospective study