GEOLOGICA BELGICA 是一本比利时期刊，欢迎有关地球科学各个方面的论文，特别强调比利时、西北欧和中非的区域地质。仅当其中一位作者与比利时大学或机构有联系时，才接受不致力于比利时、西北欧和中非地质的论文。主题问题受到高度赞赏。在这种情况下，客座编辑负责稿件的选择，可以扩大论文的主题。该期刊是开放获取的。提交的手稿应简明扼要，呈现以前未发表过的材料。该杂志还鼓励比利时初级作者发表论文。接受短字母。以英文撰写的论文为佳。每个手稿将由至少两名审稿人进行审阅。

Geologica Belgica is a Belgian academic journal that welcomes submissions related to all aspects of earth sciences, with a particular emphasis on regional geology in Belgium, Northwestern Europe, and Central Africa. Papers that do not focus on the geology of Belgium, Northwestern Europe, and Central Africa will only be accepted if at least one author is affiliated with a Belgian university or institution. We highly appreciate submissions addressing significant thematic issues. In such cases, guest editors are responsible for the selection of manuscripts and may broaden the scope of the papers. This journal is open access, and submitted manuscripts should be concise and present previously unpublished material. We encourage early-career authors from Belgium to submit their work. Short letters are also accepted. Papers written in English are preferred. Each manuscript will be reviewed by at least two reviewers.

《Geologica Belgica》是一本比利时的学术期刊，欢迎提交与地球科学各个领域相关的论文，特别关注比利时、西北欧和中非的区域地质。只有当至少一位作者与比利时的大学或机构有联系时，才会接受不专注于比利时、西北欧和中非地质的论文。我们特别欢迎具有重要主题问题的稿件。在这种情况下，客座编辑将负责稿件的选择，并可能扩大论文的主题范围。该期刊为开放获取，提交的手稿应简明扼要，且需包含以前未发表的材料。我们鼓励比利时的初级作者积极投稿。短信件也会被接受。以英文撰写的论文优先考虑。每篇手稿将由至少两名审稿人进行评审。

Geologica Belgica

This Neogene Stratigraphy volume of Geologica Belgica is dedicated to Piet Laga at the occasion of his 80th birthday. Piet Laga has been a pioneer of the application of modern stratigraphic principles to the Neogene of Belgium. After his doctoral studies, he continued at the Geological Survey of Belgium his stratigraphical investigations which resulted, in co-authorship with Frans De Meuter, in a landmark paper leading to the establishment of the first, formal stratigraphic framework of the Neogene System in Belgium. As testified by the contributions in this volume, this paper still remains a stratigraphic reference paper. Piet Laga was not only a leading scientist in the International Geological Correlation program of the Cenozoic of the North Sea Basin in the 1970s and 1980s, but he also brought his Neogene stratigraphic insights into practice to improve the groundwater extraction in northern Belgium. In both the fundamental and the applied stratigraphy of the Neogene, he closely collaborated with the Geological Survey of the Netherlands, aligning the Neogene stratigraphy of both countries. He was an excellent liaison between both geological surveys. Also, numerous international professional organisations benefited from his field demonstrations of Neogene outcrops in Belgium. Piet Laga has discretely guided the Geological Survey of Belgium through complex reorganisations, and for years he skilfully rendered services to both the scientific association Geologica Belgica and

Noël Vandenberghe

Stephen Louwye

Annick Anceau

The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium Foreword

比利时北部新近纪地层前言

Pinaceous ovulate cones have an abundant fossil record since the middle Lower Cretaceous. Pinus belgica Alvin (1960) is considered the second oldest representative of the genus Pinus. This taxon has thus often been included in phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses although its age and stratigraphy are uncertain. We redescribe this important species and discuss its spatiotemporal occurrence (middle Barremian to late Albian of the Mons Basin, Belgium). Several anatomical features are updated (resin canals abaxial to vascular bundles, bract and ovuliferous scale separating medially first, resin canals distributed at the edge between pith and vascular cylinder). We show that the species does possess the diagnostic characters of Pinus (e.g. thick apophysis, dorsal umbo, resin canals abaxial to vascular tissue, bract and scale traces united at origin) and there are currently no arguments to question its inclusion within the genus Pinus. Yet, this species should be considered with caution in molecular dating analyses, as the broad temporal uncertainty is likely to affect the precision of deep nodes within Pinaceae.

Léa DE BRITO

Valentin FISCHER

Cyrille PRESTIANNI

Revision of the Lower Cretaceous ovulate cone Pinus belgica Alvin (1960), one of the oldest representatives of Pinus

修订下白垩纪卵果松属植物比利时松（Pinus belgica Alvin, 1960），松属最古老的代表之一

A temporary outcrop near the “Rubenshuis” in the centre of Antwerp (northern Belgium) facilitated the study of the Neogene glauconitic sand of the Berchem and Kattendijk formations, west and south of their respective stratotype sections. In contrast to the latter sections, the exposed Kiel Member of the Berchem Formation contains a relatively silty interval in its upper part, which is also reflected in Cone Penetration Tests. This silty interval is rich in molluscs, including the subspecies Glossus lunulatus cf. lunulatus and Ennucula haesendoncki haesendoncki, previously unknown from this member. Dinoflagellate cysts indicate that the main body of the Kiel Member was deposited during the middle Burdigalian, while only the upper part was deposited during the late Burdigalian. The Kiel Member is covered by the shell-rich, silty sand of the Langhian Antwerpen Member (Berchem Formation). Both members display soft-sediment deformation structures, probably caused by differences in silt content between and within these units. The Antwerpen Member is incised by the Lower Pliocene Kattendijk Formation, which reduced the thickness of the former to only 1.1 m, compared to 7 m in northeastern Antwerp. As a result, the basal gravel of the Kattendijk Formation contains many fossils reworked from the Antwerpen Member, in addition to autochthonous molluscs and Ditrupa. The Zanclean fauna resembles associations known from the highest part of the Kattendijk Formation in the former Oosterweel outcrop north of Antwerp, while it differs from the fauna of the lowermost Kattendijk Formation near Doel and Kallo. Hence, the palaeontological observations corroborate the regional depositional model of this unit, suggesting that only the youngest gully sequence of the Kattendijk Formation was deposited across the city of Antwerp.

Stijn EVERAERT

Jef DECKERS

Mark BOSSELAERS

Marco SCHILTZ

Stephen LOUWYE

A Neogene succession in the city centre of Antwerp (Belgium): stratigraphy, palaeontology and geotechnics of the Rubenshuis temporary outcrop

安特卫普市中心的新近纪地层序列：鲁本斯故居临时露头的地层学、古生物学和岩土工程

The Oligocene Eigenbilzen Formation and Miocene Bolderberg Formation were studied along the Albert Canal in the southern Genk municipality, eastern Belgium. Previous studies have subdivided the Eigenbilzen Formation into geophysical subunits based on borehole logs. Correlations of borehole logs with a deep Cone Penetration Test reveal that this subdivision is also geotechnically distinct. The Eigenbilzen Formation is unconformably overlain by the Houthalen Member (lower Bolderberg Formation), which holds a late Burdigalian age according to the dinoflagellate cyst analyses on borehole samples by this study. The average glauconite, organic and carbonate content of the Houthalen Member in the study area is 8.2%, 0.5% and 3%. Within the Houthalen Member, we distinguished two different geotechnical CPT and lithological facies, herein referred to as clayey and sandy facies. Granulometric analyses indicate that both facies are dominated by fine sands, however, with the sandy facies having an average 5.1% fine fraction (&lt;63 µm), and the clayey facies 18.8%. The clayey facies is very distinct, whereas the sandy facies is geotechnically and granulometrically similar to the superjacent Genk Member (upper Bolderberg Formation). Besides carbonate content, the main difference between the sandy Houthalen Member and the Genk Member is the larger glauconite content of the first. As the glauconite content decreases upwards in the sandy Houthalen Member, it transitions into the Genk Member. Along the 3.6 km long correlation panel, the clayey Houthalen Member thins from over six meters in the southeast towards less than one meter in the northwest, which highlights the sedimentological complexity within the unit.

Dirk MUNSTERMAN

Roel DE KONINCK

Facies variability of the Lower Miocene Houthalen Member in the southern Genk municipality (northeastern Belgium)

下中新统Houthalen段在比利时东北部Genk市南部的相变性

Species of the odontopleurine trilobites Leonaspis Richter &amp; Richter, 1917 and Kettneraspis Prantl &amp; Přibyl, 1949 from the Silurian and the Devonian have been studied. Dorsal tubercle and spine patterns are highly variable and deemed of restricted use. The pygidial segmentation of Leonaspis is consistent among species in the development of a rudimentary inner pleural ridge or wide space between the pleural ridge and the axis. In Kettneraspis, an inner pleural ridge is never developed but the primitive condition is to have a space here. The formation of this ridge and an auxiliary interior border spine pair was arrested prematurely during ontogeny in species assigned to Kettneraspis at present. The type species of the monotypic Rupbachella Alberti, 2021 is regarded as a juvenile Leonaspis. Bruthansovaspis gen. nov. (type species: Acidaspis roemeri Barrande, 1852) is proposed for a Silurian clade of former Kettneraspis species from peri-Gondwana, that are principally distinct in lacking the combination of stunted anterior and macropleural posterior, thoracic segments synapomorphic of Kettneraspis and Leonaspis. The types of Bruthansovaspis roemeri, Bruthansovaspis dormitzeri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847), Bruthansovaspis dumortieri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847), Kettneraspis propinqua (Barrande, 1852), Kettneraspis lindackeri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847) and Bruthansovaspis zenkeri (Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847) (= B. dormitzeri) from the Silurian of the Barrandian, all of which had previously been lumped as dormitzeri, are figured and their classifications revisited. Exceptionally well-preserved odontopleurine material from the Devonian in the Tafilalt (southern Morocco) is described as Kettneraspis freitagi sp. nov. Leonaspis? strix Lütke, 1965 from the Devonian of the Harz Mountains is in need of revision; a previously tentatively assigned pygidium does not belong in that genus.

Allart P. VAN VIERSEN

Postcephalic segmentation and spines of the Siluro-Devonian odontopleurine trilobites Leonaspis Richter &amp; Richter and Kettneraspis Prantl &amp; Přibyl, with description of Bruthansovaspis gen. nov. from the Wenlock to Ludlow of the Prague Basin

后脑分节与志留纪-泥盆纪牙形刺三叶虫Leonaspis Richter & Richter和Kettneraspis Prantl & Přibyl的刺，以及布拉格盆地温洛克至卢德洛地区Bruthansovaspis gen. nov.的描述

The Mesoproterozoic Karagwe-Ankole belt (KAB) in Central Africa hosts important mineralized lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites enriched in Sn, Nb, Ta and W. Microscopic techniques are required to further refine the paragenetic history of mineralized pegmatites in the KAB and to understand the pegmatite-forming processes leading to an enrichment of economically important minerals. Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based automated mineralogy systems with X-ray computed tomography (µCT), we investigated the mineral relationships in a three-dimensional (3D) space. This paper presents new insights into the crystallization sequence of mineralized pegmatites in the KAB. A stage of albitization followed the primary crystallization, where muscovite probably plays a role in the fluid migration and the subsequent precipitation of ore minerals. Primary saccharoidal albitization was followed by tourmaline crystallization, but before the secondary cleavelandite-type albitization. The ‘Cornish Type’ cassiterite originating from greisen pockets confirms the suggested hydrothermal formation conditions. A first-time description of oriented zircon and the association with flat tabular columbite-tantalite points to the importance of local magmatic-hydrothermal conditions. This study emphasizes the possibilities of using 3D automated mineralogy for the identification of minerals and their position in the paragenetic history of mineralized pegmatites and by extension of microscopically complex and diverse ore deposits.

Florian BUYSE

Stijn DEWAELE

Matthieu N. BOONE

Veerle CNUDDE

Contribution of 3D automated mineralogy in unraveling the formation history of Nb-Ta-Sn mineralized LCT pegmatites in the Karagwe-Ankole belt (Central Africa)

Abbreviation	Geol. Belg.
Journal Impact	1.05
Quartiles(Global)	GEOLOGY(Q2)

ISSN	1374-8505, 2034-1954
h-index	26

Publication Information	Publisher: Geologica Belgica，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2007，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:8.30%， Gold OA Rate: 96.15%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Geologica Belgica

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The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium Foreword

The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium Foreword

The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium Foreword

Revision of the Lower Cretaceous ovulate cone Pinus belgica Alvin (1960), one of the oldest representatives of Pinus

The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium Foreword

Revision of the Lower Cretaceous ovulate cone Pinus belgica Alvin (1960), one of the oldest representatives of Pinus

A Neogene succession in the city centre of Antwerp (Belgium): stratigraphy, palaeontology and geotechnics of the Rubenshuis temporary outcrop

Facies variability of the Lower Miocene Houthalen Member in the southern Genk municipality (northeastern Belgium)

Postcephalic segmentation and spines of the Siluro-Devonian odontopleurine trilobites Leonaspis Richter & Richter and Kettneraspis Prantl & Přibyl, with description of Bruthansovaspis gen. nov. from the Wenlock to Ludlow of the Prague Basin

Contribution of 3D automated mineralogy in unraveling the formation history of Nb-Ta-Sn mineralized LCT pegmatites in the Karagwe-Ankole belt (Central Africa)