Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

Older adults often experience associative memory impairments but can sometimes remember important information. The current experiments investigate potential age-related similarities and differences associate memory for gains and losses. Younger and older participants were presented with faces and associated dollar amounts, which indicated how much money the person "owed" the participant, and were later given a cued recall test for the dollar amount. Experiment 1 examined face-dollar amount pairs while Experiment 2 included negative dollar amounts to examine both gains and losses. While younger adults recalled more information relative to older adults, both groups were more accurate in recalling the correct value associated with high-value faces compared to lower-value faces and remembered gist-information about the values. However, negative values (losses) did not have a strong impact on recall among older adults versus younger adults, illustrating important associative memory differences between younger and older adults.

Alan D. Castel

Michael C. Friedman

Shannon McGillivray

Cynthia C. Flores

Kou Murayama

Tyson Kerr

Aimee Drolet

Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition

I owe you: age-related similarities and differences in associative memory for gains and losses

我欠你：与年龄相关的对收益和损失联想记忆的相似性与差异性

ABSTRACT Age-group differences were examined in the delayed oculomotor response task, which requires that observers delay the execution of a saccade (eye movement) toward an abrupt-onset visual cue. This task differs from antisaccade and attentional capture in that inhibition causes saccades to be postponed, not redirected. Older adults executed more premature saccades than young adults, but there were no age-group differences in latency or accuracy of saccades executed at the proper time. The results suggest that older adults are less capable of inhibiting a prepotent saccadic response, but that other aspects of visual working memory related to the task are preserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was supported by National Institute on Aging grant RO1 AG20860. The authors are grateful for the helpful comments of Robert Lorch.

Lawrence R. Gottlob

Mark T. Fillmore

Ben D. Abroms

Age-group Differences in Inhibiting an Oculomotor Response

眼动反应抑制的年龄组差异

Feature-based attention allows to efficiently guide attention to relevant information in the visual scene, but unambiguous empirical evidence on age-related effects is still limited. In this study, young and older participants performed a two-alternative forced choice task in which a response was selected based on a task-relevant number (=target) presented alone or with a task-irrelevant letter (=neutral distracter) or number (=compatible/incompatible distracter). Participants were required to select the target based on color. To compare the behavioral interference of the distracters between the age groups, data were modeled with a hierarchical drift-diffusion model. The results revealed that decreases in the rate at which information was collected in the conditions with versus without a distracter were more pronounced in the older than young age group when the distracter was compatible or incompatible. Our findings are consistent with an age-related decline in the ability to filter out distracters based on features.

Armien Lanssens

Kobe Desender

Celine R. Gillebert

Evidence for an age-related decline in feature-based attention

基于特征的注意力随年龄增长而下降的证据

Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.21) compared to not having low income, living alone (b = -0.04) compared to not living alone, and being without employment (b = -0.09) compared to being employed. An interaction with age indicated that the difference in cognitive functioning was getting larger with age between the income groups and living alone status groups. Accordingly, the three conditions appear independently associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Pathways of how cognitive health in this population group can be improved need to be explored.

Francisca S. Rodriguez

Susanne Röhr

Nico Dragano

Börge Schmidt

Heiko Becher

Tamara Schikowski

Sylvia Gastell

Volker Harth

Hanno Hoven

Jakob Linseisen

Karina Halina Greiser

Michael Leitzmann

Patricia Bohmann

Stefanie Castell

Jana-Kristin Heise

Lilian Krist

Thomas Keil

André Karch

Henning Teismann

Ilais Moreno Velásquez

Tobias Pischon

Annette Peters

Amand Führer

Rafael Mikolajczyk

Kathrin Günther

Tilman Brand

Claudia Meinke-Franze

Sabine Schipf

Hans J. Grabe

Hermann Brenner

Lena Koch-Gallenkamp

Klaus Berger

Michael Wagner

Verena Katzke

Wolfgang Lieb

Alexander Pabst

Steffi G. Riedel-Heller

Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning—Results from the German national cohort (NAKO)

低收入、失业与独居：它们如何与认知功能相关联——德国国家队列研究（NAKO）的结果

Word fluency (WF) tasks that tap verbal and executive function show deteriorating performance by advancing age. To address the scarcely studied age-related brain correlates of WF, we employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry to examine gray matter (GM) correlates of semantic and phonemic WF in 46 healthy older adults. Lower phonemic WF score was related to smaller anterior medial temporal GM volume as well as smaller GM volume in the putamen bilaterally. A disproportionally weak score on phonemic WF in relation to semantic WF was associated with smaller GM volume in the left inferior frontal cortex, the right anterior medial temporal lobe, and the right striatum. There were no significant associations for semantic WF. The fact that our temporal and subcortical findings were bilateral and right-lateralized, may reflect age-related compensation by these brain areas.

Petra Grönholm-Nyman

Carina Saarela

Ulla Ellfolk

Juho Joutsa

Riitta Parkkola

Matti Laine

Mira Karrasch

Juha O. Rinne

Phonemic word fluency is related to temporal and striatal gray matter volume in healthy older adults

音素词语流畅性与健康老年人颞叶和纹状体灰质体积相关

Exercise training has been proposed to counteract age-related cognitive decline through improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF hypothesis). Research has focused on cognitive domains like attention and processing speed, and one cross-sectional study reported a positive relationship between CRF and language production in older adults. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether these benefits could extend to language comprehension in healthy older adults, and whether bilinguals, for whom language processing is more costly, would exhibit greater benefits than monolinguals. Eighty older English monolinguals and 80 older Norwegian-English bilinguals were randomized into either a 6-month exercise training group or into a passive control group. We assessed CRF (VO2peak) and language comprehension (reaction times to spoken word monitoring) in first (L1, all participants) and second language (L2, bilinguals only), before and after the intervention. We found that monolinguals in the exercise group (compared to the control group) were faster in comprehension following the intervention. Moreover, this effect was mediated by exercise-induced increases in VO2peak, supporting the CRF hypothesis. This extends previous cross-sectional research and establishes a causal link between exercise training and speeded comprehension in older monolinguals. However, despite inducing increased VO2peak, exercise training did not affect bilingual (L1 or L2) comprehension, and bilinguals in both groups were slower after the intervention period. Exploratory analyses suggested that this slowing may be driven by participants with low L2 proficiency, but further research is needed to examine whether bilingual language processing is in fact unaffected by exercise training and its consequent improvements in CRF.

Eunice G. Fernandes

Sindre H. Fosstveit

Jack Feron

Foyzul Rahman

Samuel J. E. Lucas

Hilde Lohne-Seiler

Sveinung Berntsen

Allison Wetterlin

Katrien Segaert

Linda Wheeldon

Effects of increasing fitness through exercise training on language comprehension in monolingual and bilingual older adults: a randomized controlled trial

通过运动训练提高体能对单语和双语老年人语言理解能力的影响：一项随机对照试验

Many older adults report subjective cognitive decline (SCD); however, the specific types of complaints most strongly associated with early disease detection remain unclear. This study examines which complaints from the Everyday Cognition Scales (ECog) are associated with progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia. 415 older adults were monitored annually for 5 years, on average. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between ECog complaints and progression to MCI/dementia. Follow-up models included depression as a covariate. Numerous Memory (5 items), Language (3 items), Visuospatial (1 item), Planning (2 items), and Organization (1 item) complaints were associated with diagnostic progression. After covarying for depression, remembering appointments and understanding spoken instructions remained significant predictors of diagnostic progression. While previous work has focused largely on memory-based SCD complaints, the current findings support a wider assessment of complaints may be useful in identifying those at risk for a neurodegenerative disease.

Jaclyn M. Fox

Danielle J. Harvey

Jagnoor Randhawa

Michelle Chan

Alyssa Weakley

Brandon Gavett

John Olichney

Charles DeCarli

Rachel A. Whitmer

Sarah Tomaszewski Farias

Subjective cognitive complaints and future risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, which matters most

主观认知抱怨与未来痴呆和认知障碍风险，哪个更重要

As we age, learning new knowledge and skills becomes more difficult due to age-related changes to cognition. Learning collaboratively could counteract these changes, and perhaps more so when working with someone familiar. This study examined whether collaborative learning is affected by age and partner familiarity. Forty-eight participants (younger n = 24, older n = 24) completed the Map Task with a familiar and unfamiliar same-age partner. Participants became more efficient at completing the Map Task over time, regardless of age and partner familiarity. There was no age difference in immediate or 1-hour recall, but younger adults recalled more after 7 days than older adults. Overall, results suggest that collaborative learning outcomes are unaffected by age or partner familiarity and that collaborative learning has short-term protective effects on memory, with age-related declines only emerging after 7 days.

Kelly Wolfe

Catherine Joan Crompton

Paul Hoffman

Maria Klara Wolters

Sarah Elizabeth MacPherson

Collaborative learning in older age and the role of familiarity: evidence from the map task

老年合作学习的熟悉度及其作用：来自地图任务的证据

Abbreviation	Neuropsychol. Dev. Cogn. B. Aging. Neuropsychol. Cogn.
Journal Impact	1.51
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL(Q3)

ISSN	1382-5585, 1744-4128
h-index	67

Publication Information	Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1994，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 15.71%

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience

I owe you: age-related similarities and differences in associative memory for gains and losses

Age-group Differences in Inhibiting an Oculomotor Response

Evidence for an age-related decline in feature-based attention

Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning—Results from the German national cohort (NAKO)

Phonemic word fluency is related to temporal and striatal gray matter volume in healthy older adults

Effects of increasing fitness through exercise training on language comprehension in monolingual and bilingual older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Subjective cognitive complaints and future risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, which matters most

Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning—Results from the German national cohort (NAKO)

Phonemic word fluency is related to temporal and striatal gray matter volume in healthy older adults

Collaborative learning in older age and the role of familiarity: evidence from the map task