PHYSICA SCRIPTA 是一本国际期刊，针对实验和理论物理学的任何分支进行原创研究。文章将在以下任一主题中被考虑，也欢迎涉及物理学的跨学科主题：-原子、分子和光学物理-等离子体物理-凝聚态物理-数学物理-天体物理-高能物理-核物理-非线性物理。该杂志旨在提高研究对更广泛的物理科学界的知名度和可及性。鼓励发表关于广泛感兴趣的主题的文章，并且在更专业的领域提交的文章应努力在引言中提及他们研究的更广泛背景。

Physica Scripta is an international journal dedicated to original research in all branches of experimental and theoretical physics. We consider articles on any of the following topics and welcome interdisciplinary subjects related to physics: - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics - Plasma physics - Condensed matter physics - Mathematical physics - Astrophysics - High-energy physics - Nuclear physics - Nonlinear physics. The journal aims to enhance the visibility and accessibility of research to the broader physics community. We encourage submissions on topics of wide interest, and articles submitted in more specialized fields should strive to mention the broader context of their research in the introduction.

《Physica Scripta》是一本国际期刊，专注于实验和理论物理学的各个分支，欢迎原创研究的投稿。我们接受以下主题的文章，同时也鼓励涉及物理学的跨学科研究：- 原子、分子和光学物理 - 等离子体物理 - 凝聚态物理 - 数学物理 - 天体物理 - 高能物理 - 核物理 - 非线性物理。该期刊旨在提升研究成果在更广泛物理科学界的知名度和可及性。我们鼓励发表与广泛主题相关的文章，同时在更专业领域的投稿应努力在引言中阐明其研究的更广泛背景。

Physica Scripta

In science education, the use of laboratory experiments has a critical role. However, experiments can cause excessive material waste, and safety issues must be taken seriously. Virtual laboratories and simulations have become a useful and effective alternative to in-person, hands-on laboratories as a result of the educational possibilities afforded by information and communication technology. With virtual reality (VR), students can depict scientific phenomena through virtual practical experiments that use computer simulation. In this work, VR-based lab simulations of physics and chemistry experiments were introduced. Chemistry lab includes 3 experiments from organic chemistry (identify aldehydes using Tollen’s test, identify ketones using the 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine test, and identify carboxylic acids using the sodium carbonate test) and physics lab includes 2 experiments on series and parallel current, accomplished through the use of the real-time 3D graphics and pre-rendered animations. Further, to assess the usability of the developed system, 20 students were surveyed as research subjects and they filled out the SUS survey after conducting the VR experiments in Oculus Quest 2. . The average score for the VR chemistry lab simulations was 92.63%, and, the average score for the physics lab was 93.38%, indicating a high level of performance and achievement among the participants. Further, in the comparative study evaluating knowledge retention and learning experience, the experimental group (VR, N=20) outperformed the control group (traditional, N=13), indicating a more favorable learning experience. All participants from the experiment group reported that virtual labs were easy to use. Overall, findings from the Knowledge Retention survey show that interactive laboratory activities enhance students’ understanding of chemical processes and practical skills.

Zubaira Naz

Ayesha Azam

Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan

Tanzila Saba

Shaha Al-Otaibi

Amjad Rehman

Phys. Scr.

Development and evaluation of immersive VR laboratories of organic chemistry and physics for students education

有机化学与物理沉浸式虚拟现实实验室的开发与学生教育评估

Abstract A thin, dual-band, highly efficient linear polarization converter based on a multi-mode metasurface was proposed. The high-efficiency manipulation of polarization states of electromagnetic waves in dual-band frequencies was achieved by utilizing a diagonally etched metasurface as a square joined by a ring. The metasurface transforms incident linearly polarized (LP) waves into cross-polarized LP waves at various frequencies. Numerical simulations reveal that the metasurface operates efficiently in the bands from 7.724 GHz to 8.192 GHz and 13.142 GHz to 15.95 GHz, with a polarization conversion rate (PCR) of 95% in both bands. To validate the theoretical analysis and simulation results, a model is fabricated and measured. The experimental results confirm that the proposed metasurface successfully achieves dual band-and dual-mode polarization conversion, showing reasonable consistency of theoretical and simulated findings. This converter can optimize the signal performance by clarifying polarized radio waves.&amp;#xD;

Ijaz Ahmad

Wajid Ali

Rongjiang Zhou

Sain Bux Jamali

Lianwen Deng

Reflective linear polarization converter with multimode, dual band and high efficiency

多模、双频带和高效率的反射线性偏振转换器

Pyroelectric infra-red detector arrays provide an attractive solution to the problem of collecting spatial information in the far IR. They are only sensitive to changes in the IR flux and are well suited to sensing movements of people. The applications of low cost arrays with limited (a few hundred) elements for people sensing and radiometry will be illustrated. The performances of uncooled pyroelectric arrays are ultimately driven by the materials used. For this reason, continuous improvements in materials technology and figures-of-merit (FoM) are important. The performance of dense, bulk pyroelectric ceramics has not increased for several years, but nevertheless it is possible to obtain significant improvements in performance through the use of tape-cast, functionally gradient materials (FGMs) in which controlled porosity is used to control the permittivity and heat capacity of the material. A model for the performance of such a material will be presented, and compared with experimentally determined properties of FGMs based on a modified-PZT pyroelectric ceramic. The use of ferroelectric thin films is offering considerable potential for low cost and high performance. It will be shown that the introduction of controlled amounts of porosity can have a significant positive effect on the relevant pyroelectric FoM.

Roger W Whatmore

Qi Zhang

Christopher P Shaw

Robert A Dorey

Jeffery R Alcock

Pyroelectric ceramics and thin films for applications in uncooled infra-red sensor arrays

Abstract Combining a pseudo-Discrete Wavelet Transform (pseudo-DWT) and a novel cubic S-box technique, an image encryption scheme using a newly-developed four-dimensional hyperchaotic system (NewHS) is presented in this paper. The principal advantage of this method resides in its enhanced security, with hash values (computed by SHA-256) of the plaintext, thereby bolstering resistance to chosen-plaintext attack. Initially, a novel three-dimensional cubic S-box is designed via chaotic sequence, increasing the complexity and randomness. Subsequently, the proposed scheme employs a Ladder permutation for image scrambling, achieving a one-time pad encryption effect. Finally, a pseudo-DWT is devised to segment and reconstruct the image, implementing scrambling and diffusion encryption. Moreover, experiments and security analysis also prove that the proposed encryption scheme can show good performance.

Linhao Qiao

Qixiang Mei

Xingxing Jia

Guodong Ye

Image encryption scheme based on pseudo-DWT and cubic S-box

基于伪离散小波变换和立方S盒的图像加密方案

Abstract The first principles approach calculates the geometrical structure, stability, and optoelectronic properties of F-atom doped S vacancy defective SnS 2 systems under biaxial tensile and compressive deformation. The calculations show that all systems can be formed stably, and defects and F doping cause a tiny increase in the average bond length of the systems. The formation of defects converts an indirect bandgap system into a direct one. Substitutional doping of F atoms transforms the SnS 2 structure into a p-type semiconductor. The doped system’s valence band mainly originates from S-3p orbitals, Sn-5p orbitals, and F-2p orbitals. The conduction bands mainly originate from the S-3p, Sn-5s, and F-2p orbitals. The absorption and reflection peaks of the doped system with applied strain are blueshifted at the maximum peak. The biaxial compressive strain increases the band gap and decreases the doped system’s refractive index and extinction coefficient. The biaxial tensile strain increases the band gap of the doped system, the hybridization of the valence band of the system is enhanced, the conductivity of the real part of the complex dielectric function of the system is increased, and the refractive index of the system is elevated. The biaxial stretching strain can better change the sensitivity of the F-doped system to visible light.

Mengting Ma

Guili Liu

Zhonghua Yang

Guoying Zhang

Biaxial strain modulation of the optoelectronic properties of F-doped defective monolayer SnS2

Abstract ABSTRACT— Achieving efficient and accurate semantic &amp;#xD;segmentation of LiDAR point clouds is a crucial fundamental &amp;#xD;technology in autonomous driving and robotics. In the paper, &amp;#xD;We have designed the convolutional stem of patch embedding &amp;#xD;before the ViT in order to enhance RangeViT and improve its &amp;#xD;performance in point cloud semantic segmentation. And we &amp;#xD;have named this improved version RangeViT++. Firstly, a &amp;#xD;Multi Residual Channel Interaction Attention Module &amp;#xD;(MRCIAM) is introduced to replace original context module &amp;#xD;of RangeViT, utilizing a multi-branch structure to separately &amp;#xD;process the various channels of the range image in order to &amp;#xD;consider their modality and data distribution differences. &amp;#xD;Secondly, the Meta-Kernel module is introduced to mitigate &amp;#xD;information loss caused by the traditional CNN's incomplete &amp;#xD;adaptation to point cloud range images, which fail to fully &amp;#xD;exploit the inherent 3D geometric information of point clouds. &amp;#xD;Lastly, during the training process, a boundary loss is incor porated to alleviate the boundary ambiguity of different clas ses/objects induced by the mutual conversion between point &amp;#xD;clouds and range images. Extensive qualitative and quantita tive experiments conducted on challenging SemanticKITTI &amp;#xD;and SemanticPOSS dataset have verified effectiveness of our &amp;#xD;method. Superior performance is present over baseline &amp;#xD;RangeViT, which indicates refining the early convolutional &amp;#xD;stem could improve the performance of ViT on LiDAR point &amp;#xD;cloud semantic segmentation. The source code and trained &amp;#xD;model will be available at https://github.com/mafangniu/&amp;#xD;RangeViT2.git

Chunyun Ma

Xiaojun Shi

Lu Chen

Shuai Song

Yingxin Wang

Jiaxiang Hu

Zhen Pan

RangeViT++: Refining the early convolutional stem help ViT see better

RangeViT++：优化早期卷积结构助力ViT视觉表现提升

Abstract Unconventional nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation not only possesses the geometric robustness of conventional ones but also avoids the need to remove the dynamical phase. Dynamical decoupling is a promising method to protect unconventional nonadiabatic geometric gates against decoherence. Here, we propose a protocol to implement unconventional nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation protected by dynamical decoupling. By using three physical qubits to encode a logical qubit and choosing a system Hamiltonian that commutes with the decoupling group, a universal set of dynamical-decoupling-protected unconventional nonadiabatic geometric gates can be realized. Our work maintains the robustness of unconventional nonadiabatic geometric gates while protecting quantum gates against both collective and independent decoherence.&amp;#xD;

xuan wu

Long-Yi Jin

Hong-Fu Wang

Dynamical-decoupling-protected unconventional nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation

动力学解耦保护的非常规非绝热几何量子计算

Abstract The present paper attempts to study the parametric inference for Kumaraswamy’s generalized&amp;#xD;family of distribution under an improved adaptive Type-II progressive censored sample. Under&amp;#xD;the frequentist approach, maximum likelihood estimates and maximum product spacing es-&amp;#xD;timates of unknown model parameters are computed using Newton-Raphson methods. The&amp;#xD;existence and uniqueness properties of maximum likelihood estimates are deduced. Approximate&amp;#xD;confidence intervals for parameters are created via a variance-covariance matrix. Under squared&amp;#xD;error and LINEX loss function, the Bayes estimates are investigated using independent gamma&amp;#xD;priors distribution for the unknown parameters. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)&amp;#xD;approximation technique has been used to compute the Bayes estimates and produce the highest&amp;#xD;posterior density credible intervals. The efficacy of the suggested approach is assessed using&amp;#xD;an extensive simulation study. The convergence of the MCMC sample is judged through the&amp;#xD;different diagnostic plots. Three optimality criteria have been presented for choosing the most&amp;#xD;suitable progressive scheme from various sampling plans. A real-life situation representing the&amp;#xD;tensile strength of polyester fibers is used to show the application of the recommended work in&amp;#xD;a real-world scenario.

MOHD IRFAN

Subhankar Dutta

Anup Kumar Kumar Sharma

Statistical inference and optimal plans for improved adaptive Type-II progressive censored data following Kumaraswamy-G family of distributions

统计推断与优化方案：基于Kumaraswamy-G分布族的改进型II型逐步删失数据

Abstract Fractal networks fluid flows have attracted significant research interest, yet most studies often assume a constant viscosity or power-law fluid flows. This research explores yield stress fluid flows in fractal tube networks, which are commonly found in engineered microfluidic devices and various industrial processes. We analyze optimal flow conditions and structures in tree-like branching networks using Herschel–Bulkley fluid model to understand yield stress materials. We focus on maximizing flow conductance under volume constraints, assuming steady, incompressible, fully developed laminar flow in circular tubes. We propose a conjecture that if the tube-wall stress, remains the same in the network for all branches, then an optimal solution exists and we derive the theoretical formulations for it. We find that the flow conductance is extremely sensitive to the geometry of the network. The effective conductance initially rises as the daughter-parent radius ratio increases, but eventually, it begins to decline. The peak conductance occurs at a specific radius ratio. We find that optimal network geometry depends on the number of branch splits $N$, and independent of the power-law index $n$ and the yield stress $\tau_y$. This optimal condition leads to an equal pressure drop across each branching level. Our results are validated with existing theory and extended to encompass shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviors for any number of splits $N$ with and without yield stress. Additionally, we derive relationships between geometrical and flow characteristics for parent and daughter tubes, including wall stresses, length ratios. These findings provide valuable design principles for efficient transport systems involving yield stress fluids.

Ashish Garg

Scaling Laws for Optimal Herschel–Bulkley Yield Stress Fluid Flow in Self-Similar Tree-like Branching Networks

自相似树状分支网络中Herschel-Bulkley屈服应力流体流动的最优标度律

Abstract The current investigation is directed towards the synthesis of new radiation shielding composites utilizing natural and eco-friendly components, including rice straw and animal glue. The experimental methodology involved preparing samples through the blending of 20% wt. rice straw with 80% wt. animal glue, followed by the addition of micro- and nano-sized powders of iron oxide (Fe2O3) at varying concentrations (10%, 18.2%, and 25%). The performance of γ-ray protection of the prepared composites was assessed and analyzed by measuring different shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mean free path (MFP), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), and build-up factor (BFs) across various photon energies (0.059 MeV to 1.408 MeV). Experimental results of the MAC were compared with theoretical data from XCOM and simulated data from the Geant4 code, indicating good agreement and validating the experimental findings. The results showed that the addition of nano-Fe2O3 (25 wt%) to the composite sample had the highest μ values, which varied between 0.34260 and 0.05274 cm−1 as γ-ray photon energy increased from 0.0595 to 1.408 MeV, respectively. Furthermore, the highest relative increase rate in μ values between nano and micro composites was 24.11%, achieved for the nano Fe2O3 (25 wt%) composite sample at 0.0595 MeV. In conclusion, the investigation demonstrated improved γ-ray protection with the addition of nano-Fe2O3 compared to bulk counterparts.

Ahmed M. El-Khatib

Mahmoud T. Alabsy

Mahmoud A. Sharaby

M. Abd-Elzaher

Ahmed Doma

Mahmoud I. Abbas

Eco-friendly gamma radiation protection using waste rice straw and animal glue enhanced by micro and nano iron oxide: A Geant4 simulation and experimental study

利用废弃稻草和动物胶增强的微纳米氧化铁进行环保伽马辐射防护：基于Geant4模拟与实验研究

Abbreviation	Phys. Scr.
Journal Impact	2.72
Quartiles(Global)	PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q2)

ISSN	0031-8949, 1402-4896
h-index	97

Publication Information	Publisher: Institute of Physics，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1970，Proportion of original research papers: 99.38%，Self Citation Rate:11.50%， Gold OA Rate: 5.69%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均4.8个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Physica Scripta

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