The journal "Central Asia and the Caucasus" focuses on various issues related to Central Asia and the Caucasus region, covering multiple fields including politics, economics, and culture.

《Central Asia and the Caucasus》期刊致力于研究中亚和高加索地区的各类问题，涵盖政治、经济、文化等多个领域。

Central Asia and the Caucasus

The emerging Covid-19 pandemic and the increasing use of internet access trend in Indonesia have successfully changed most consumer behaviour, shifting into the online market (e-Commerce) instead of the conventional physical market. It also presents vast new business opportunities, particularly in the food and beverage industries. However, the authority must transform the decision support system based on data-driven consideration to ensure consumer protection. This research aimed to present the Big Data Analysis power to find insight from the current condition of e- commerce by conducting market research on Forum Jual Beli Kaskus, which was chosen due to less restriction while implementing the self-programming web scrape engine. The collected data is then analyzed through Rapidminer software for text preprocessing and predictive models shown in the Business intelligence tool. Authors find that the web scraping engine successfully collected the whole population of products listed in the food and beverages category as well as text preprocessing resulted in several keywords which represent the product trend. The prediction model achieved 99.85% accuracy and a minimum 80% precision class while the test dataset was introduced to confirm and test the model. By utilizing The Big Data Analysis and Business Intelligence Tools, the government authority could catch enormous insight based on the real-time market research process to formulate a better policy approach.

Andi Wibowo

Widhyawan Prawiraatmadja

Manahan Siallagan

Jeffri Lingo

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO MARKET RESEARCH ON FOOD COMMODITY BY USING BIG DATA ANALYSIS, CASE STUDY: FORUM JUAL BELI KASKUS

基于大数据分析的食品商品市场研究商业智能方法，案例研究：KASKUS论坛交易

The paper examines the methodological approaches and the conceptual foundations used to assess the degree of secularity in Western political thought. The concepts of secularity and secularism appear and develop due to historical, social, economic and cultural specifics of each particular society, and different factors, social transformations and the changing role of religion in public space among them, revise the content of these concepts. The paper discusses two main trajectories of such changes in the correlations between religion and politics that contributed to the development of secularity models as they are known today. It offers a clear interpretation of the concepts of secularity, the secularity principle, secularism and secularization and an analysis of the main models and interpretations of secularism and the socio-political factors that affect each of the secularity models. The contemporary religious situation and religious politics of Kazakhstan, as well as the political experience of identifying the principles and criteria of secularity in the republic that synthesizes foreign experience and the specific features of interpretation of secularity inside the country are reflected in the paper.

Damira Sikhimbayeva

Lesken Shyngysbayev

Inkar Nurmoldina

FOUNDATIONS OF SECULARITY: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND KAZAKHSTAN

世俗性的基础：全球经验与哈萨克斯坦

Improving the forms and mechanisms of regional economic integration, deepening the mutual understanding on the formation of an economically and politically secure integrated space, expanding trade and economic relations, elaborating joint actions to maintain regional peace and stability, creating a single information space are among the key areas that have become the basis of cooperation among the Central Asian region (CAR) states. The authors reveal the positive aspects of cooperation among the CAR countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. First and foremost, these include common historical roots, linguistic and cultural similarity, convenient geographical location and established economic ties, which allow the states of Central Asia (CA) to establish a deeper and more active understanding of each other, to solve economic and political problems related to finding and realizing domestic investment potential and expanding regional trade and economic ties. The joint establishment of international transport corridors and infrastructure will help reduce the transport costs for Central Asian countries that supply export products to external markets, which is an important area of ​​cooperation in Central Asia. In addition, the economic problems that exist among the regional countries largely determine the nature of relations between them. Future solution of problems determines the subsequent viability of the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) and the regional development prospects. Based on the use of economic research tools, the authors examine the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the state of trade and economic relations between the regional states. Post-crisis plans for economic recovery in the Central Asian countries will be developed and implemented in the context of the need to solve the present-day problems associated with the gradual lifting of quarantine measures. In this regard, the quickest possible transition of economies to an upward growth trajectory should launch the expansion of trade and economic cooperation and ties among the Central Asian countries. The authors emphasize the fact that another important problem within CAREC is the fact that CAR economies are dominated by raw materials, which does not solve the problems of reducing social inequality and improving the welfare of the regional population. For this reason, Kazakhstan, like other Central Asian countries, is currently in search of a new economic model. The transformation is crucial because the country needs to overcome its excessive long-term dependence on the export of oil and raw materials. The new economic model should be focused on further industrialization and diversification of the economy, on the search for new innovative approaches and development strategies.

Karlygash MUKHTAROVA

Yermukhambet KONUSPAYEV

Klara MAKASHEVA

Karim SHAKIROV

KAZAKHSTAN’S POSITION IN THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

哈萨克斯坦在中亚国家经济合作中的地位

This paper aims to study the trends of labor migration (voluntary and forced) from Russia to Tajikistan and the peculiarities of the reintegration of returning migrants into Tajik society. Labor migration is the main driver of economic growth for Tajikistan and the most effective tool in the national fight against poverty. However, many migrants from Tajikistan do not have a formally documented status in Russia, which makes their predicament extremely difficult and vulnerable. One of the most sensitive measures for Tajik labor migrants was the introduction of administrative penalties through expulsion and the imposition of a massive ban on labor migrants from entering the Russian Federation. This has led to an increase in the return migration of Tajik migrants to their homeland. The article clarifies the concept of return migration, reveals the reasons for the return of labor migrants from Russia to Tajikistan and identifies the specific features of reintegration and the socio-economic situation of returning migrants in Tajikistan. The authors establish that a significant share of returning migrants have already reached retirement age after working in Russia for decades, but they do not receive a pension either in Tajikistan or in Russia. Unfortunately, as of today the Government of Tajikistan has not developed any special programs for the reintegration of returning migrants due to lack of funds and lack of experience in this area. Most returning migrants are forced to solve their problems on their own or resort to the help of their families and relatives. In fact, the government does not hold an interest in the massive return of labor migrants, since the increase in their number worsens the socio-economic situation and the general state of the labor market.

Sergey RYAZANTSEV

Farrukh KHONKHODZHAYEV

Sharif AKRAMOV

Nikita RYAZANTSEV

RETURN MIGRATION TO TAJIKISTAN: FORMS, TRENDS, CONSEQUENCES

塔吉克斯坦的回归移民：形式、趋势与后果

The article is devoted to the current aspects of demographic development in the EAEU member states in the context of studying the specifics of the reproductive and migratory behavior of young people in Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The modern generation of young people in post-Soviet countries over the past three decades has been influenced by various factors that have radically transformed their views on family, childbirth and migration. Their attitudes towards reproductive and migratory behavior will dominate the future demographic trends not only in each of the studied countries, but also in the Eurasian space as a whole. Therefore, a detailed study of the attitudes of the young and educated generation is the most important task of demographic and sociological sciences. Based on the results of a sociological survey conducted using a unified methodology, the article examines the features of reproductive and migratory behavior in countries at different stages of the “demographic transition.” It reveals the peculiarities of the respondents’ attitude from the three states to official marriage, age preferences for starting a family and giving birth to their first child. Reproductive judgments regarding anticipated and ideal number of children are identified. The use of the ranking method allowed to detect ​​the normative childbearing models in the three countries and the differences between them. The conclusion states that in all the states in question, the prevailing socio-economic conditions are an obstacle to the implementation of the existing ideal reproductive attitudes. The gender peculiarities of the views of young people in the three countries on extramarital unions, reproductive patterns and “planned childlessness” were noted. The article demonstrates that, with regard to the results of the study, in the next 25 to 30 years families in Russia will likely have a small number of children, in Kazakhstan—an average number, and reproductive behavior in Kyrgyzstan will likely retain its tendency towards having many children. The article also contains conclusions about specific migration attitudes based on the replies to questions about the preferred place to apply professional skills, create a family and have children. The dependence of migration attitudes on gender and country of residence has been revealed. Based on empirical data, the groups of respondents characterized by pragmatic, patriotic and antipatriotic migratory behavior have been identified. It was determined that young people who live in Kyrgyzstan are more focused on moving to a new place of residence, while all respondents are quite cosmopolitan in regard to the place of application of their professional skills, and students are most patriotic about the place to start a family.

Evgenia SIGAREVA

Svetlana SIVOPLYASOVA

REPRODUCTIVE AND MIGRATION ATTITUDES OF CONTEMPORARY YOUTH OF THE EAEU STATES (RUSSIA, KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN: A CASE STUDY)

欧亚经济联盟国家（俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦）当代青年的生育与迁移态度（案例研究）

The authors have analyzed the dynamics of the growth of number of mosques built by religious associations in post-Soviet Kazakhstan and noted a transition from their unregulated and chaotic construction (proliferation) to their precise association with specific maddhabs, and their construction norms conceptualized by religious institutions represented by the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan (DUMK). The types of cultic facilities and the actors are discussed and ranked according to the type of their involvement and partnership. We should note that the participation of various actors adds weight to the status of mosques as important public facilities. The authors have paid particular attention to the religious communities’ revised registration realized under the Law of the RK on Religious Activities and Religious Associations of 2011, which optimized the religious space, consolidated the positions of traditional Islam and, hence, standardized the rules related to mosque construction. Keywords: mosque, public space, post-Soviet realities, re-Islamization, re-appropriation, “mosque diplomacy,” religious communities, traditional Islam, DUMK.

Meiram KIKIMBAYEV

Kulshat MEDEUOVA

Adiya RAMAZANOVA

MOSQUES IN POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: DISCOURSE INTERPRETATION AND REGULATORY PRACTICES

后苏联时期哈萨克斯坦的清真寺：话语解读与监管实践

After gaining independence in 1991, the Central Asian states, which had no experience in conducting independent foreign policy activities, began to build their own foreign policy coordinate system and develop its conceptual framework. Given their unique geopolitical position and diverse resource potential, the regional states preferred to pursue an open and multi-vector foreign policy, which allowed them to realize their national interests. With regard to the transformational processes in global politics and economy, as well as the geopolitical characteristics of their states, the political elites of the regional states have developed their own approaches to foreign policy. The article analyzes the doctrinal foundations of the Central Asian countries’ foreign policy, and the influence of global factors on the foreign policy formation of the regional states and intraregional cooperation.

Elena Garbuzarova

THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES: THE RESULTS OF 30 YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT

中亚国家的外交政策：30年发展的成果

The significant numbers of migrants from Kyrgyzstan in Moscow and the difficulties in adapting to the new conditions recorded by our research highlight the need to explore the adaptive capacity of young Kyrgyz. The lack of scientific knowledge about the potential adaptive capacities of different groups of young Kyrgyz hinders the creation of optimal conditions that would allow them to internalize norms, values, and rules of behavior, increases the potential for conflict in the Moscow community, makes the life of migrants less comfortable, and complicates integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The purpose of this study is to characterize the adaptive capacity of young people from Kyrgyzstan in Moscow that helps them fit into the social environment, allows them to overcome the discomfort caused by the contradictory social context and unfamiliar living conditions, and influences their success in the host community and their attitudes to integration. The analysis presented in this article rests on empirical data obtained from a structured interview with 823 migrants, citizens of Kyrgyzstan aged 17 to 30 years, conducted in 2020. The novelty of the study lies in a systemic examination and comprehensive assessment of the social adaptation capacity of this social community, because up to now publications on this topic have considered only some aspects of the phenomenon. In this article, “adaptive capacity” refers to the set of individual characteristics of migrants that ensures their inclusion into the host society, a change in previous norms and models of behavior, and the socialization of new behavior models emerging in the process of interaction between the individual and the new socio-cultural conditions of life and work as the synergistic effect of the relationship and interaction between the adaptive capacity of the individual and that of the environment. Its analysis is based on a description of expectations, perceptions, and social attitudes; the level of empathy, openness and complementarity with regard to the host community; and the degree of tolerance for people of other nationalities and identities. The article shows how migrants evaluate the adaptive capacity of the environment as resulting from coordinated, concerted, and friendly action by all stakeholders: government, employers, and local population. It also analyzes the associations that arise in connection with Russia. The study reveals the impact of migrants’ adaptive capacity on their attitudes to integration processes in the EAEU. It was shown that notions about the nature of the interaction between Muscovites and migrants that is necessary to harmonize the individual and the environment (assimilation, bicultural adaptation or separation) determine the depth and direction of the activities of young migrants and their assessments of concrete social reality, while their strategic preferences with regard to the cultural norms and values of other peoples determine the adaptation attitudes and strategies that largely characterize their adaptive capacity. These strategies are as follows: marginalization of young Kyrgyz in the Moscow community, complementarity, and internalization of dominant norms. The research conducted suggests the need for measures to improve interaction between migrants and the host society and provides grounds for the Eurasian Economic Commission and social institutions in Russia and Kyrgyzstan to develop measures designed to create conditions for adaptation, as well as to determine the appropriate instruments and mechanisms for this purpose. This research paves the way for developing a theory of social adaptation of migrants, for empirical research into migration processes in the post-Soviet space, and for a better understanding of the specific features of social adaptation of young people from Kyrgyzstan.

Galina OSADCHAYA

Egor KIREEV

Evgenia KISELEVA

Anna CHERNIKOVA

THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF YOUNG MIGRANTS FROM KYRGYZSTAN IN MOSCOW

吉尔吉斯斯坦年轻移民在莫斯科的适应能力

The article examines the problem of sovereignty of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the prism of Kazakh-Russian interstate relations. The key conclusions made by the authors are that, first of all, Kazakh-Russian relations are based on the post-Soviet model and the concept of the sovereignty of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which retains significant elements of the Soviet constitutional model of relations between the Union center and the republics; secondly, as part of this sovereignty model, the Republic of Kazakhstan has to make concessions in the economic, financial and other forms of sovereignty. However, the Republic of Kazakhstan makes no concessions in matters of territorial integrity and other fundamental aspects of its sovereignty. Thirdly, it was easier for the Republic of Kazakhstan to maintain the image of the Russian Federation as a strategic partner between 1991 and the mid-2000s, but since that time, the Russian Federation has been pursuing an openly neo-imperial policy in the post-Soviet space, thus, the increasing securitization of the relations with the Russian Federation requires great efforts from the Republic of Kazakhstan to protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

涉及主题	政治学经济法学地理历史政治社会学业务哲学考古政治经济学古代史国际贸易计算机科学数学自然地理学中亚发展经济学程序设计语言物理语言学生物
出版信息	出版商: CA and C Press AB，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2013，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

Central Asia and the Caucasus

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BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO MARKET RESEARCH ON FOOD COMMODITY BY USING BIG DATA ANALYSIS, CASE STUDY: FORUM JUAL BELI KASKUS

FOUNDATIONS OF SECULARITY: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND KAZAKHSTAN

KAZAKHSTAN’S POSITION IN THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

RETURN MIGRATION TO TAJIKISTAN: FORMS, TRENDS, CONSEQUENCES

REPRODUCTIVE AND MIGRATION ATTITUDES OF CONTEMPORARY YOUTH OF THE EAEU STATES (RUSSIA, KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN: A CASE STUDY)

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO MARKET RESEARCH ON FOOD COMMODITY BY USING BIG DATA ANALYSIS, CASE STUDY: FORUM JUAL BELI KASKUS

MOSQUES IN POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN: DISCOURSE INTERPRETATION AND REGULATORY PRACTICES

THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES: THE RESULTS OF 30 YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT

THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF YOUNG MIGRANTS FROM KYRGYZSTAN IN MOSCOW

KAZAKHSTAN’S SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CONTEXT OF KAZAKH-RUSSIAN RELATIONS