Advances in Speech Language Pathology

This special issue of Advances in Speech-Language Pathology is unique. Over 20 international experts in the field of child phonology considered the same 7 year old child with highly unintelligible ...

Sharynne McLeod

Perspectives on a child with unintelligible speech

关于一个言语不清儿童的看法

This study investigated the phonological awareness skills of Samoan children who were bilingual in Samoan and English. Ten Samoan children attending mainstream primary schools in New Zealand and receiving education in an English medium participated in the study. These children, aged between 5;06 and 7;03, were assessed on phonological awareness measures at the syllable, onset-rime and phoneme level in English and in Samoan. The results indicated that at a group level the participants' phonological awareness skills at the phoneme level were comparable in both languages and suggested that phoneme awareness skills learned in English following formal literacy instruction transferred to their development of phonological awareness in Samoan. This finding is consistent with previous research, which indicates children learning two alphabetic languages demonstrate similar levels of phonological awareness skills across languages. Differences were found at the onset-rime level. The results also indicated that when compared to a normative database of similarly aged British children, the participant's phonological awareness skills in English fell within the ranges expected for their ages. The influence of educational environment on specific task performance is considered.

Emma Hamilton

Gail Gillon

The phonological awareness skills of school-aged children who are bilingual in Samoan and English

萨摩亚语和英语双语学龄儿童的语音意识技能

PACT (parents and children together) is a broad-based intervention approach for children with phonological impairment, which involves the participation of caregivers in therapy. Its components are: Parent Education; Metalinguistic Training; Phonetic Production Training; Multiple Exemplar Training (minimal pair therapy and auditory bombardment); and Homework. Accommodating to the gradual nature of phonological change in typical development, PACT therapy is delivered in planned therapy blocks and breaks from therapy attendance, during which parents continue aspects of the therapy. A review of literature relevant to the theoretical underpinning, development and evaluation of PACT is provided, and unique features of the approach are highlighted. The processes of speech assessment using parent-observed screening, independent and relational analyses, treatment planning and scheduling, and target selection and goal-setting are presented and discussed in the context of Jarrod, a 7 year old boy with a severe, inconsistent phonological impairment. Difficulties in applying the PACT approach with Jarrod are noted, principally that PACT is most suited to the three to six year age-group. Alternative intervention approaches are suggested.

Caroline Bowen

L. Cupples

PACT: Parents and children together in phonological therapy

PACT：语音治疗中的父母与孩子共同参与

† Correspondence: Sally A. Marinellie, School of Hearing, Speech and Language Sciences, Ohio University, Grover Center W240, Athens, OH, 45701, USA, +1 740 593 1417, +1 740 593 0287 marinels@ohio.edu

Sally A. Marinellie

Assessing and facilitating complex sentence formulation in picture description tasks

评估和促进图片描述任务中的复杂句式构建

The worlds of genetics and speech pathology intersect in several places: some communication disorders clearly have a genetic basis, and many genetic conditions or syndromes have an effect on speech and language. The rapid changes in the world of genetics present a challenge to health professionals in maintaining their knowledge of this field. This paper will introduce genetics terminology and concepts that are useful in understanding genetics. With particular reference to paediatric genetic conditions, three important points in relation to speech and genetics will be discussed: (i) common disorders such as specific language impairment, cleft lip/palate and dyslexia have a multifactorial basis; (ii) the study of rare single gene syndromes can further the understanding of more common multifactorial conditions, and (iii) many syndromes have a speech and language phenotype as an important feature of the condition. Speech-language pathologists play an important role in recognising these phenotypes and assisting in the process of syndrome diagnosis.

Susan M. White

Talking genes

对话基因

This study investigated the literacy skills of all children in Year 6 of a Queensland school in a socially disadvantaged area who were exposed to a “whole language” approach to the learning of written language. Standardized tests of non-word spelling and reading comprehension (including written sentence responses) revealed a large group of children with literacy difficulties. This group of 11-year-old children, and a group of matched controls, were further assessed on measures of phonological awareness and letter sound knowledge. The results indicated that the means of both groups were below those of the standardization populations, and that the children had particular difficulty writing short answers to questions. The group of children identified as performing poorly on the non-word spelling test was heterogeneous. Some had poor phonological awareness skills, some had limited sound-letter correspondence knowledge, some children had problems with both skills. The data demonstrated the need for assessment to identify the specific sub-skills with which individuals have difficulty, in order to allow for appropriate intervention rather than a generic phonological awareness intervention package for all children with literacy difficulties irrespective of age or social status.

Beth McIntosh

Margaret Taylor

Sharon Crosbie

Alison Holm

Barbara Dodd

The literacy abilities of 11 year-old students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds

来自社会弱势背景的11岁学生的读写能力

Speech pathology is a growth industry, but how this impacts on recruitment in Australia has not been explored in the research literature. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of advertised speech pathology positions and the ease with which they were filled, particularly for less attractive positions based in non-metropolitan locations or involving work with people with developmental disability. Contact persons for positions advertised mostly in newspapers over a 36-week period were recruited. There were 108 positions advertised, with 89 contact people agreeing to participate in two telephone surveys, including one conducted approximately one month after application closing dates. Positions represented a range of employment sectors, with Grade 2 followed by Grade 1 positions most frequent. Most (75%) positions were filled, but for 55% at grades other than that advertised. There was no evidence that positions in non-metropolitan positions or those involving work with people with developmental disability were particularly difficult to fill, but they did attract relatively few applicants. The data did, however, point to a potential mismatch between successful applicants' level of experience and job requirements. Implications for support needs of isolated and inexperienced clinicians, and further research needs are discussed.

Teresa Iacono

Hilary Johnson

John Humphreys

Lindy McAllister

Recruitment of speech pathologists into positions considered less attractive

言语病理学家进入被认为吸引力较低的职位

Burn injuries as a result of inhalation or ingestion have been reported to cause a number of long-term complications including oral contracture. Circumoral contracture may result in microstomia and subsequently manifest as difficulties with communication, swallowing, intubation, oral and dental hygiene. This case study describes a young woman that presented with severe burns of the oropharynx following insertion of a Roman Candle firecracker into her mouth, in an attempted suicide. A multidisciplinary team approach was utilised to facilitate the patient's recovery with considerable involvement of the psychiatrist, dietician and speech pathologist. Meticulous oral hygiene was imperative in facilitating wound healing although minimal pain relief was required. In view of the depth and extent of burn injury, the patient was considered to be at high risk of developing oral contractures. Long-term goals of contracture management were to: (1) prevent the development of oral contractures, including microstomia and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), and (2) eliminate the need for reconstructive surgery. Intervention consisted of a rigorous splinting and exercise regime to preclude microstomia development. At 6 months post-injury, the patient's outcomes continue to be positive, with no loss in range of movement to the lips, buccal mucosa and soft palate. Other focuses of intervention discussed include the management of oral dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia and hypogeusia.

Nicola A. Clayton

Peter J. Kennedy

Management of firecracker induced oropharyngeal burns: A case report

烟花爆竹引起的口咽部烧伤管理：一例报告

EPG (Electropalatography) is a visual feedback device designed for clinical and research applications centered on articulation in terms of tongue-to-hard palate contact. EPG has been shown to be effective for a range of speech sound disorders. Several EPG systems have been marketed. One factor that has limited access to EPG treatment, especially in a clinical setting, is the cost of manufacturing the pseudopalates. A new EPG system from Logometrix utilizes a glued on strip of electrodes rather than individually placed electrodes, significantly reducing production expense. Clinical use of the new EPG system is reviewed for 13 clients with varying speech sound disorders, for whom EPG was beneficial in phonetic treatment. Two children were unable to tolerate the pseudopalates, suggesting that practice palates without electrodes be utilized.

Anna Marie Schmidt

Evaluating a new clinical palatometry system

评估一种新的临床腭测量系统

This study compared tongue palate contact patterns for oral stops (/t/, /d/) with those for the nasal stop /n/ in order to provide normative data for diagnosing and treating individuals with speech disorders. Electropalatographic (EPG) data were recorded from 15 English speaking adults for word initial /t/, /d/ and /n/ in a high and a low vowel context. EPG frames were classified according to three criteria: (1) anterior constriction; (2) bilateral constriction; and (3) zero posterior central contact. Total amount of contact and variability were also measured. The results showed that almost all (99%) stops met Criteria 1 and 3, with fewer articulations (88% of /t/; 83% of /d/ and 55% of /n/) meeting Criterion 2. Although all stops had similar spatial patterns, /t/ and /d/ had more contact and were more likely to have bilateral constriction than /n/. There were no differences in variability between /t/, /d/ and /n/, however. The clinical implications of the results for the management of individuals with speech disorders are discussed.

Fiona E. Gibbon

Ivan Yuen

Alice Lee

Lynne Adams

Normal adult speakers' tongue palate contact patterns for alveolar oral and nasal stops

正常成年发音者舌腭接触模式：齿槽口音和鼻音塞音

Publication Information	Publisher: Singular Pub. Group，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2006，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Advances in Speech Language Pathology

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