Health and history

None Stead

Health and History

Indigenous Infrastructures of Care and Survival in Papua New Guinea: Rethinking Pacific Health through Oral Histories of the Second World War

巴布亚新几内亚的本土关怀与生存基础设施：通过二战口述历史重新思考太平洋健康

Ann Westmore

John Andrews Vicki StandishPreserving Life by Preventing War: A History of the Foundational Years of the Medical Association for Prevention of War (Australia) (1954â1994)

约翰·安德鲁斯 维基·斯坦迪什 通过预防战争来保护生命：澳大利亚预防战争医学协会基础年份的历史（1954-1994）

Gemma Lucy Smart

Why Talk About Madness: Bringing History into the Conversation by Catherine Coleborne

为何谈论疯狂：凯瑟琳·科尔本将历史引入对话

Angeline Brasier

Elliott BowenIn Search of Sexual Health: Diagnosing and Treating Syphilis in Hot Springs, Arkansas 1890â1940

埃利奥特·鲍恩：探寻性健康——1890-1940年阿肯色州温泉城梅毒的诊断与治疗

Drawing on a body of oral history interviews about local experiences of the Second World War, this paper seeks to map the contours of a local, Indigenous infrastructure of care and survival in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. This vernacular infrastructure stands in contrast to the colonial-military health infrastructure privileged within colonial records and subsequent accounts of health in the postwar Pacific. Oral histories, particularly those of Oro women, reveal complex, gendered practices of care and survival which took place outside, or in entanglement with, colonial infrastructures. Attention to these practices highlights the contexts of relationality within which any consideration of health must be embedded It simultaneously decenters the military and colonial (and now, developmentalist) biomedical terms to which health continues to be so often reduced.

Victoria Stead

Abstract: Edward Trautner (1890–1978) was a pharmacologist at the University of Melbourne in the 1940s and 50s who did pioneering work on lithium treatment for psychiatric disorders. His unusual past was a topic of great interest among his colleagues, who often creatively embroidered his story in the retelling. This paper introduces Trautner as his colleagues remembered him, and tells the true story of his childhood in Bavaria, his combat experience in World War I, his turn to anarchist politics and literary experiment in the 1920s, his bohemian life in Spain and England in the 1930s, his deportation to Australia in 1940, and his transformation then (at the age of 50) into a leading medical scientist. It examines his apprenticeship as a plant chemist, and the political efforts of his mentor, Professor R.D. 'Pansy' Wright, to protect and foster his genius.

Wes Wallace

Greg de Moore

From Anarchism to Psychopharmacology: Edward Trautner's Australian Transformation

从无政府主义到精神药理学：爱德华·特劳特纳的澳大利亚转变

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the difficulties faced by overseas-born applicants, particularly Japanese, in seeking to practise medicine in Queensland and Western Australia before and during the period of the Immigration Restriction Act. It limits itself to those two colonies/states as they were the only ones to have a sufficient number and concentration of resident Japanese to attract a Japanese doctor. After tracing the history of the development of relevant medical legislation and examples of its early application in respect of various foreigners, the paper reviews the experiences of a number of Japanese who managed to practise, both with and without registration. Its principal focus is on the behaviour of medical boards and their sometimes dubious use of the subjective powers given to them.

John Lamb

Struggling to Satisfy the Board: Historical Difficulties Faced by Japanese Doctors in Australia

在董事会面前挣扎：日本医生在澳大利亚面临的历史困难

Judith Godden

Health and History – A Retrospective

健康与历史——回顾

Abstract: The image has been used by medical professionals for centuries to illustrate both usual and unusual processes of the body and mind. Images can expose or conceal medical truths, and in many cases are the only connection that exists between the historian and the frequently silent or silenced patient. In this paper, a group of historians each present and explore various methods of applying 'ways of seeing ' or the 'clinical gaze' to a historical image from the medical world. Some images have been used to strategically serve the purposes of authority figures and silence the ill subject. Others reveal previously obscured patient's voices. All present a perspective on the possibilities for analysing and assessing medical imagery from the past that moves beyond traditional understandings.

Robin Eames

Jordan Evans

Samantha Kohl Grey

David T. Roth

Lucinda Stormont-Sainsbury

Effie Karageorgos

Picturing Medical Histories: 'Ways of Seeing' the Historical Medical Subject

描绘医学史：“观看方式”下的历史医学主体

Reviewed by: Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology by Gregory J. Morgan Michelle Bootcov (bio) Gregory J. Morgan, Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2022). ISBN:9781421444017 (HB). B&W photos and illustrations. xi + 373pp. Since 1926, Paul de Kruif's Microbe Hunters has inspired a long list of similar titles. The latest, Gregory J. Morgan's Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology, is an ambitious compendium of the products, processes, and primary investigators of tumour virology in the twentieth century. The book begins with the welldocumented 1909 'fortunate accident' (p. 14) that led Peyton Rous to postulate a viral cause for the malignant growth in a Plymouth Rock hen, brought to the Rockefeller Institute by a concerned farmer. It ends with the development of a human papilloma virus vaccine in the 1990s, and its 2007 patent resolution on appeal of a multi-party legal challenge in favour of the University of Queensland. Between this early foray into tumour virology and the high stakes play of biotech patent law, Morgan provides case studies of the key scientists and scientific developments in tumour virology. Like many of its 'hunter' predecessors, Cancer Virus Hunters includes chapters on the identification and isolation of each of several viruses. Here, the Rous sarcoma, polyoma, Epstein Barr, hepatitis B, and rabbit and human papilloma viruses are addressed. A chapter on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, which does not cause cancer directly) seems at first to be a surprising inclusion. However, its incorporation is justified because initially investigators thought acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be caused by a human T-cell lymphotropic virus, so they used related methods. Identification of HIV was therefore an 'unplanned practical payoff' (p. 227) of tumour virology. Only six of the fifteen chapters focus on the isolation of cancer-causing viruses. The other chapters report on the development of new techniques, and the unfurling understanding of molecular controls of cancer viruses. Two chapters describe key methodological advances (quantification and immortal cell line development), and two provide a Cold War institutional contrast (the influence of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, and the constraints of Jan Svoboda's virological research in USSR-occupied Czechoslovakia). Molecular biology transformed cancer virology, as it did so [End Page 115] many other biomedical fields, but Cancer Virus Hunters shows that knowledge and methods flowed the other way too. Morgan demonstrates how the discovery of reverse transcriptase (a viral enzyme which synthesises deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from ribonucleic acid (RNA) overturned the accepted dogma of a unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA. It also provided a 'new fruitful approach to search for a human cancer virus' (p. 130) and became a useful tool of molecular biology. In another chapter, Morgan reveals how a spin-off of cancer virology research illuminated the molecular structure and processing of genes generally. A clearer understanding of cancer virus genes also helped to explain cellular gene regulation and dysregulation to malignancy, as we learn in the chapters on the src and ras oncogenes and the p53 gene's activity in suppressing the formation of tumours. Morgan conducted over forty interviews and drew on oral histories, autobiographies, and archival and secondary sources to provide biographies of the scientists, their approaches and results. The science of cancer virology is complex, but overall, Morgan handles it with dexterity, offering a succinct and consistently compelling read. While molecular methods in a few of the later chapters may be difficult for the uninitiated, those particulars do not detract from the general thrust of the accounts. Throughout, Morgan attempts to recognise female scientists who have been obscured in other histories, and to provide balance in the reporting of priority contentions. However, the scale of this book project is vast, and in the service of brevity and a focus on 'the most important figures in the field' (p. 11), some significant contributors remain unacknowledged. In the case of hepatitis B (Chapter 7), there is an over reliance on Baruch Blumberg's own account, which is refuted by other sources. Furthermore, a reader could be left with the impression that Blumberg made the most significant contributions to the association...

Michelle Bootcov

Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology by Gregory J. Morgan (review)

癌症病毒猎人：格雷戈里·J·摩根的《肿瘤病毒学史》（书评）

短名	Health. History.
Journal Impact	0.33
国际分区	HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE(Q3)

出版信息	出版商: Australian Society for the History of Medicine，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2016，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

Health and history

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Indigenous Infrastructures of Care and Survival in Papua New Guinea: Rethinking Pacific Health through Oral Histories of the Second World War

John Andrews Vicki StandishPreserving Life by Preventing War: A History of the Foundational Years of the Medical Association for Prevention of War (Australia) (1954â1994)

Why Talk About Madness: Bringing History into the Conversation by Catherine Coleborne

Elliott BowenIn Search of Sexual Health: Diagnosing and Treating Syphilis in Hot Springs, Arkansas 1890â1940

Indigenous Infrastructures of Care and Survival in Papua New Guinea: Rethinking Pacific Health through Oral Histories of the Second World War

From Anarchism to Psychopharmacology: Edward Trautner's Australian Transformation

Struggling to Satisfy the Board: Historical Difficulties Faced by Japanese Doctors in Australia

Health and History – A Retrospective

Picturing Medical Histories: 'Ways of Seeing' the Historical Medical Subject

Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology by Gregory J. Morgan (review)

Health and history

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有 1 位以上作者的期刊

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投稿经验分享

Indigenous Infrastructures of Care and Survival in Papua New Guinea: Rethinking Pacific Health through Oral Histories of the Second World War

John Andrews Vicki StandishPreserving Life by Preventing War: A History of the Foundational Years of the Medical Association for Prevention of War (Australia) (1954â1994)

Why Talk About Madness: Bringing History into the Conversation by Catherine Coleborne

Elliott BowenIn Search of Sexual Health: Diagnosing and Treating Syphilis in Hot Springs, Arkansas 1890â1940

Indigenous Infrastructures of Care and Survival in Papua New Guinea: Rethinking Pacific Health through Oral Histories of the Second World War

From Anarchism to Psychopharmacology: Edward Trautner's Australian Transformation

Struggling to Satisfy the Board: Historical Difficulties Faced by Japanese Doctors in Australia

Health and History – A Retrospective

Picturing Medical Histories: 'Ways of Seeing' the Historical Medical Subject

Cancer Virus Hunters: A History of Tumor Virology by Gregory J. Morgan (review)

John Andrews Vicki StandishPreserving Life by Preventing War: A History of the Foundational Years of the Medical Association for Prevention of War (Australia) (1954â1994)

Elliott BowenIn Search of Sexual Health: Diagnosing and Treating Syphilis in Hot Springs, Arkansas 1890â1940