Attachment & Human Development is the leading forum for the presentation of empirical research, reviews and clinical case studies that reflect contemporary advances in attachment theory and research.     The journal addresses the growing demand from the domains of psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy and related disciplines including nursing and social work, for a clear presentation of ideas, methods and research based on attachment theory.

Attachment and Human Development is a leading forum for presenting empirical research, reviews, and clinical case studies that reflect contemporary advances in attachment theory and research. The journal addresses the growing demand from the fields of psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, and related disciplines, including nursing and social work, for a clear presentation of ideas, methods, and research based on attachment theory.

《Attachment and Human Development》是一个领先的论坛，专注于展示与依附理论和研究相关的实证研究、综述和临床案例研究。该期刊满足心理学、精神病学、心理治疗及相关学科（包括护理和社会工作）日益增长的需求，清晰地呈现基于依附理论的思想、方法和研究成果。

Attachment and Human Development

More than 200 adult attachment representation studies, presenting more than 10,500 Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985 Main, M., Kaplan, N. and Cassidy, J. 1985. “Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the representational level”. In Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Edited by: Bretherton, I. and Waters, E. 66–104. 50(1–2)[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) classifications, have been conducted in the past 25 years. In a series of analyses on the distributions of the AAI classifications in various cultural and age groups, fathers, and high-risk and clinical samples, we used the distribution of the combined samples of North American non-clinical mothers (23% dismissing, 58% secure, 19% preoccupied attachment representations, and 18% additionally coded for unresolved loss or other trauma) to examine deviations from this normative pattern, through multinomial tests and analyses of correspondence. The analyses were restricted to AAI classifications coded according to the Main, Goldwyn, and Hesse (2003 Main, M., Goldwyn, R. and Hesse, E. 2003. The Adult Attachment Interview: Scoring and Classification System, Version 7.2 Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Berkeley [Google Scholar]) system. We did not find gender differences in the use of dismissing versus preoccupied attachment strategies, and the AAI distributions were largely independent of language and country of origin. Clinical subjects showed more insecure and unresolved attachment representations than the norm groups. Disorders with an internalizing dimension (e.g., borderline personality disorders) were associated with more preoccupied and unresolved attachments, whereas disorders with an externalizing dimension (e.g., antisocial personality disorders) displayed more dismissing as well as preoccupied attachments. Depressive symptomatology was associated with insecurity but not with unresolved loss or trauma, whereas adults with abuse experiences or PTSD were mostly unresolved. In order to find more reliable associations with clinical symptoms and disorders, future AAI studies may make more fruitful use of continuous AAI scales in addition to the conventionally used categorical classifications.

Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg

Marinus H. van IJzendoorn

Attachment & Human Development

The first 10,000 Adult Attachment Interviews: distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups

Although effortful control (EC), a regulatory aspect of temperament, is associated with a wide range of developmental outcomes, knowledge about EC promoters is scarce. This study explored whether secure attachment promoted the development of EC from preschool to school age in a community sample of 903 Norwegian children. EC was measured using the parent-reported Children’s Behavior Questionnaire at four (T1) and six (T2) years of age, and attachment was measured using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task at T1. Previous research has indicated that a child’s gender and socioeconomic status are possible covariates of EC; hence, these factors were included in the analyses. Despite considerable rank-order stability in EC, secure attachment contributed to an increase in EC. Furthermore, gender moderated the effect of attachment: secure attachment promoted EC in boys only. These findings emphasize preschool boys’ need for emotional security to facilitate effortful capacities in their transition to school.

Kristine Rensvik Viddal

Turid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen

Ming Wai Wan

Jonathan Green

Beate Wold Hygen

Lars Wichstrøm

Secure attachment promotes the development of effortful control in boys

安全依恋促进男孩努力控制能力的发展

This study examined how children's secure base script knowledge and friendship quality were related to bullying and victimization experiences and their emotional, academic, and behavioral adjustment. Participants were 581 children (49.6% males) aged 9 to 13 years old and one of their main caregivers (74% mothers, 23.6% fathers, 2.4% legal guardians) recruited through cluster sampling in Singapore. Most of the children were ethnic Chinese (58.2%), along with Malays, Indians, and Others (e.g. Eurasians). Children's secure base script knowledge was related to less bullying and victimization, which in turn was related to greater positive emotional state, better academic achievement, less aggression, and fewer social problems. Friendship quality did not add unique variance, highlighting the central protective role of attachment representation in the context of school bullying. The findings provide support for the security-competence link in an Asian context, and point to the importance of enhancing children's familial experiences as part of preventive efforts in combating school bullying.

Hoi Shan Cheung

Jerrine Z. N. Khong

Jungup Lee

Denise Liu

Rebecca P. Ang

Secure base script knowledge and friendship quality as protective factors for bullying and victimization in elementary school

安全基地脚本知识与友谊质量作为小学欺凌和受害的保护因素

Given the dearth of literature on attachment theory in the Arab world, this study explores the cross-cultural validity of attachment theory within an Egyptian sample of 60 mother-child dyads through the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). The study examines the applicability of attachment theory's universality, normativity, and secure base hypotheses, as well as the prevalence and manifestations of insecurity in an Egyptian sample. The findings supported attachment theory's universality, normativity and secure base hypotheses, while simultaneously pointing towards cultural variations in attachment manifestations. Specifically, this study found that all children were classifiable according to the ABC classification system, and that secure attachment was the most prevalent within the sample. Additionally, trends of exploration and crying highly aligned with Ainsworth's findings in the Baltimore study, supporting the secure base phenomenon within this Egyptian sample. Nevertheless, resistant attachment was more common than avoidant attachment, which differs from the global prevalence. Resistant attachment also primarily took the form of inconsolability rather than anger.

Nour M. Zaki

Maya A. Shehata

Merihan E. Eissa

Exploring the cross-cultural validity of attachment theory: a study of Egyptian mother-child dyads using the Strange Situation Procedure

探索依恋理论的跨文化有效性：一项使用陌生情境程序对埃及母子对的研究

As family forms become increasingly diverse, their underrepresentation in attachment research is glaring. Although attachment theory aims to explain the influence of early relationships, studies have disproportionately focused on mothers. Even when other attachment figures are considered, the research is typically limited to fathers in biparental mother-father families. In this piece, we report on the wide variety of family configurations worldwide, and how children experience care from multiple attachment figures. Drawing from the

Audrey-Ann Deneault

Nicola Carone

Sheri Madigan

A call to represent the current diversity of family forms in attachment research

呼吁在依恋研究中体现当前家庭形式的多样性

Since the development of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in 1985, more than 26,000 AAIs have been administered, coded, and reported, representing 170 (wo-)man-years of work. We used multinomial tests and analyses of correspondence to compare the AAI distributions in various cultural and age groups, in mothers, fathers, high-risk, and clinical samples with the combined samples of North American non-clinical, non-risk mothers (22% dismissing, 53% secure, 8% preoccupied, and 17% unresolved loss or other trauma). Males were more often classified as dismissing and less frequently classified as secure compared to females (except adoptive fathers), and females were more frequently classified as unresolved (but not more often preoccupied) compared to males. A combination of high scores on the unresolved and insecure-preoccupied dimensions was shared by borderline personality disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and gender dysphoria, while combined high scores on the unresolved and insecure-dismissing dimensions characterized anxiety problems, obsessive-compulsive and thought disorders.

Or Dagan

Rodrigo A. Cárcamo

Celebrating more than 26,000 adult attachment interviews: mapping the main adult attachment classifications on personal, social, and clinical status

庆祝超过26,000次成人依恋访谈：将主要成人依恋分类映射到个人、社会和临床状态

Before the maturation of higher-order cognitive functions, infants primarily communicate via bodily expressions. Their behavior adjustments are also shaped by caregiver reactions, which differ in timing, intensity, and nature. Although mentalizing, or reflective functioning, is thought to influence caregiver interactions, the literature has largely focused on mentalizing as an explicit, cognitive process. Given the inherently embodied nature of early parent-infant exchanges, this emphasis left a clear gap in capturing the implicit facets of parental mentalizing. Addressing this, the concept of "parental embodied mentalizing" (PEM) was developed, which pertains to a caregiver's implicit capacity to discern and respond to an infant's emotional states, thoughts, and intents through bodily movements, gauged via real-time, shared, kinesthetic interplays. This systematic narrative review explores the PEM construct, scrutinizing its theoretical foundations and empirical basis. We aggregate insights from relevant studies, review the current research landscape's strengths and limitations, and pinpoint areas ripe for further investigation.

Aylin Aras

Peter Fonagy

Chloe Campbell

Camilla Rosan

What do we know about parental embodied mentalizing? A systematic review of the construct, assessment, empirical findings, gaps and further steps

关于父母具身心理化的研究现状如何？对这一概念、评估方法、实证发现、研究空白及未来方向的系统综述

Abbreviation	Attach. Hum. Dev.
Journal Impact	3.34
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL(Q1)

ISSN	1461-6734, 1469-2988
h-index	84

Publication Information	Publisher: Routledge，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1999，Proportion of original research papers: 92.31%，Self Citation Rate:9.10%， Gold OA Rate: 33.33%

Attachment and Human Development

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The first 10,000 Adult Attachment Interviews: distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups

Secure attachment promotes the development of effortful control in boys

Secure base script knowledge and friendship quality as protective factors for bullying and victimization in elementary school

Exploring the cross-cultural validity of attachment theory: a study of Egyptian mother-child dyads using the Strange Situation Procedure

A call to represent the current diversity of family forms in attachment research

A call to represent the current diversity of family forms in attachment research

Exploring the cross-cultural validity of attachment theory: a study of Egyptian mother-child dyads using the Strange Situation Procedure

Secure base script knowledge and friendship quality as protective factors for bullying and victimization in elementary school

Celebrating more than 26,000 adult attachment interviews: mapping the main adult attachment classifications on personal, social, and clinical status

What do we know about parental embodied mentalizing? A systematic review of the construct, assessment, empirical findings, gaps and further steps