British Journal of Infection Control

This article will focus upon a change management project designed to optimise and advance service delivery within an infection prevention and control service. The development and implementation of a continuing education strategy was designed to enable healthcare professionals to develop an educational forum, in which professional development and peer support was the main aim. Working within an action-learning framework, infection control practitioners were encouraged to develop their knowledge and skills in infection control practice, whilst encouraging collaborative working to challenge organisational issues. This included the extension of the current clinical service to meet the service needs of an intermediate care facility.

M.L. Olley

Implementing a continuing education strategy to advance practice and practitioner development within an infection control service

实施继续教育策略以推进感染控制服务中的实践和从业者发展

Paul Weaving

Hand Hygiene: It's still important

手卫生：依然重要

Effective cleaning in hospitals is an important aspect of infection control of pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is a need for simple, rapid methods of assessing cleanliness in order to effectively audit cleaning programmes and to educate staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence swabs for assessing cleanliness in hospitals. Sites (n=108) in three hospital wards, including floors, patient equipment and clinical workstations were examined by visual assessment, microbiological swabbing and ATP bioluminescence swabbing. Overall, ATP swabbing detected a similar number of undesirably high results compared to microbiological swabbing, but visual assessment gave significantly fewer unsatisfactory results. Highest median contamination levels (both ATP and microbiological) were obtained from floor sites under patient beds, and the lowest levels from patient equipment. It was concluded that ATP bioluminescence swabbing, while not directly equivalent to microbiological swabbing, was a useful tool for monitoring cleanliness. In addition, because of its ability to produce on-the-spot results, it proved useful during education sessions with ward staff and cleaning staff, as a novel way of demonstrating the importance of cleaning.

C. Willis

R. Morley

J. Westbury

M. Greenwood

A. Pallett

Evaluation of ATP bioluminescence swabbing as a monitoring and training tool for effective hospital cleaning

ATP生物发光拭子作为有效医院清洁的监测和培训工具的评估

Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality (DH, 2006; Watson et al 2001). In the United Kingdom (UK), the policy of encouraging influenza vaccine uptake in elderly people is a central tenet of managing winter pressures in the National Health Service (NHS) and preventing ill health among older people in the community. A project based management approach was used to evaluate the organisational practice within a single-handed general practitioner (GP) practice during the 2005/06 Influenza Immunisation Programme. The project highlighted a number of problems such as a poorly structured programme, insufficient knowledge about the severity of influenza or the efficacy of the vaccine, and insufficient computer technology. A stepwise process and a number of evidence based interventions were implemented with the aim of increasing the uptake of influenza vaccine in the target population. The overall aim of the project was to show a measured practice increase in the number of older people, defined as 65 years and over, taking up influenza vaccine within one influenza campaign. An increase of 35.71% was achieved. The findings of this project have the potential to inform and enhance the design and implementation of the influenza programmes in other practices that are experiencing difficulties in achieving a good influenza immunisation uptake.

E. Taylor

Project based approach to increasing uptake of influenza vaccine in an underachieving GP practice

基于项目的提高流感疫苗接种率的方法在表现不佳的全科诊所中的应用

Creuzfeldt Jacob disease is a fatal neurodegenerative condition that is caused by an unconventional infectious agent that can be transmitted through some healthcare interventions. This article describes the etiology and epidemiology of the disease and discusses measures to minimize the risk of healthcare-associated transmission

P. Weaving

Creuzfeldt Jacob Disease

克鲁兹弗尔特-雅各布病

A telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong and Sydney to identify factors associated with appropriate antibiotic use in the community. The overall knowledge score was high in both cities. Satisfactory knowledge and appropriate attitude were associated with age &gt;40, residency in Sydney, and a higher education level. Both residency in Sydney and good antibiotic knowledge were predictors of appropriate attitude. There was a higher expectation of antibiotics for minor ailments in Hong Kong than Sydney. In both cities, Sydney in particular, expectation for antibiotic prescription increased when one was sick or when there was fever. Completion of full course of treatment and a positive attitude were, however, associated with a good knowledge of antibiotics, irrespective of one's residency and demographics. The promotion of proper use of antibiotic requires not just good knowledge and a positive attitude, but an understanding of one's expectations at different stages of illnesses.

S.S. Lee

Bernard Yau

Joe Q Huang

Joyce H S You

Determinants of appropriate antibiotic use in the community — a survey in Sydney and Hong Kong

社区合理使用抗生素的决定因素——悉尼和香港的调查

Martin Kiernan

The First European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day: raising awareness to protect the future

首届欧盟抗生素认识日：提高意识，保护未来

A pilot study using an integrated care pathway (ICP) when caring for patients suffering from Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) was undertaken over a six-month period within six wards in two hospitals. The aim was to standardise practice and improve communications for this group of patients. There was increased staff knowledge and understanding with 91% of nursing staff reporting that the use of a CDAD ICP had improved patient care and treatment. Seventy-seven per cent of staff expressed that communications had improved since using the ICP and 77% felt that accessibility of patient information had improved. Lastly 86% of the staff felt better equipped to nurse patients with CDAD. A literature review yielded no other documented evidence of the use of an ICP for this patient group.

Alison MacLean

Rachel M Fuller

Elizabeth G Jaffrey

Andrew J Hay

Darrel O Ho-Yen

Integrated care pathway for Clostridium difficile helps patient management

艰难梭菌综合护理路径有助于患者管理

A variety of infection prevention and control precautions are used to minimise the risk of infection spread from person to person, both patients and staff. Standard Precautions (SPs), including hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), are applied routinely to all patients, whereas transmission-based precautions (TBPs) are used when a patient is known or suspected to have an epidemiologically important infectious disease or condition, in order to further reduce the risk of spread of infection. The use of single room isolation is part of TBPs and is a cornerstone of hospital infection prevention and control practice. However, successfully implementing TBPs, including single room isolation, continues to be a challenge in the UK for a number of reasons. Effective approaches to increasing the quality and safety of patient care are increasingly based on utilising simple tools that increase the likelihood that care will be provided in a reliable way. The tool presented is intended to facilitate both learning and practice in relation to TBPs and to promote the delivery of safe patient care in relation to single room isolation. It is designed for use in those situations when a single room is available for patient isolation. It also highlights the other important TBPs to be taken to prevent the spread of infection, whether or not a single room is available. It can be adapted for use with any organism or disease for which TBPs are recommended. At a time when healthcare associated infections (HCAI) such as Clostridium difficile and meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continue to have an impact on both acute and community care settings, and their reduction is embedded within national targets for NHS healthcare providers, tools that make it easy for healthcare workers to apply safe practices within their daily routines are essential. Initial testing suggests that this tool is acceptable to healthcare workers and further study will identify its potential contribution to healthcare workers' knowledge and practice in this area.

Claire Kilpatrick

Jacqui Prieto

Neil Wigglesworth

Single room isolation to prevent the transmission of infection: development of a patient journey tool to support safe practice

单间隔离以预防感染传播：开发患者旅程工具以支持安全实践

Healthcare associated infections cost the National Health Service around £1 billion each year and cause pain and reduced quality of life. Essential Steps to Safe, Clean Care was introduced by the Department of Health in 2006 and was aimed at organisations that provide and commission health and social services in community and non-acute settings. The engagement and empowerment of frontline clinical staff, especially the infection, prevention and control linkworkers, was central to the programme. This article describes the process by which Essential Steps was introduced and implemented in a teaching primary care trust and how the changes required were managed.

Yvonne Hanson

Stephanie Honey

Essential Steps to Safe, Clean Care: The process of managing change

安全、清洁护理的关键步骤：管理变革的过程

Publication Information	Publisher: Infection Control Nurses Association，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2006，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

British Journal of Infection Control

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