Biofilms

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a common bacterial strategy to utilize insoluble electron donors and acceptors for the generation of metabolic energy. In bio-electrochemical systems (BES), EET is exploited by bacteria to deliver or receive electrons from electrodes. The major part of BES activity, at least in continuous systems, is provided by biofilm bacteria. In these biofilms, bacteria have been described to have a variety of possibilities towards their electron shuttling strategy

K. Rabaey

J. Rodriguez-Rodriguez

P. Clauwaert

B. Virdis

P. Aelterman

L. Blackall

W. Verstraete

J. Keller

Communities Driving Electricity Support Communities Thriving on Electricity

社区驱动电力支持 电力助力社区繁荣

We consider a mathematical model for the nitrification of municipal waste water in a moving bed biofilm reactor. The model consists of two interacting parts. The first part is an essentially one-di ...

Alma Masic

Niels Overgaard

Anders Heyden

Efficient Calculation and Analysis of Steady State Solutions for a Mathematical Model of Nitrifying Bacteria in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

移动床生物膜反应器中硝化细菌数学模型的稳态解的高效计算与分析

O. Habimana

Andrea Semiao

Hu Cao

Rory Heffernan

Giulio Gazzola

Ashkan Safari

Eoin Casey

When cell meets membrane: a closer look at early stage biofouling during nanofiltration processes

当细胞遇到膜：更仔细观察纳米过滤过程中的早期生物污染阶段

Bacillus cereus group is composed of highly related species which display distinct virulence spectra adapted to specific habitats. The emergence of various ecotypes and pathotypes has been driven by the exchange of mobile genes [1] [2] [3]. The group includes B. cereus sensu stricto and its close relative B. thuringiensis. They persist in numerous microcosms including soil, human tissues and food products [4] [5] [6]. They are able to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and form biofilms [7] [8]. These structured communities are often composed of multiple species that are kept in close contact and interact. This study aimed to gain more insight into the ecology of the B. cereus group and the potential transmission of genetic material towards other food-borne pathogens. The main objectives were, (i) to analyze the formation of B. thuringiensis biofilms in multi-species communities using controlled flow cell experiments, and (ii) to evaluate to what extent biofilm lifestyle impacts on the fate of a plasmid from B. cereus group. Intra- and inter-species conjugation efficiencies have been monitored in flow cell and static biofilms. The 72-kb plasmid pAW63 originated from B. thuringiensis sv. kurstaki [9] was chosen as model to estimate the plasmid transfer amongst B. thuringiensis strains and towards other Gram-positive species. A large set of flow cell experiments were performed to characterize and quantify mono-, bi- and tri-species biofilm formation involving both B. thuringiensis and Listeria ivanovii, in combination, or not, with the strong biofilm producer Staphylococcus epidermidis. After 72 h, biofilms formed by the sole B. thuringiensis consisted in large floccular structures composed of long chains strongly anchored to microcolonies attached to the glass surface. When inoculated with S. epidermidis, a synergistic effect was observed, with chains of Bacillus anchored to Staphylococcus clusters, themselves strongly attached to the surface. Reciprocally B. thuringiensis formed plait structures on which cells of S. epidermidis could grow. This research revealed that the biofilm lifestyle positively impacts on intra- and inter-species conjugation of pAW63. The frequencies of intra-species pAW63 transfer in a flow cell biofilm (4,4 x 10-1 Transconjugant/Recipient) were about 10 times higher than in liquid LB medium (5 x 10-2 T/R). Inter-species pAW63 transfer from B. thuringiensis to L. ivanovii reached a frequency about 500 times higher in both flow cell and static biofilms (10-4 T/R) than in liquid medium (5 x 10-7 T/R). References [1] Maughan H. and G. Van der Auwera (2011). Bacillus taxonomy in the genomic era finds phenotypes to be essential though often misleading. Infect Genet Evol, 11(5):789-797. [2] Rasko D. A., M. R. Altherr, C. S. Han, and J. Ravel (2005). Genomics of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 29(2):303-329. [3] Tourasse N. J., E. Helgason, O. A. Okstad, I. K. Hegna, and A. Kolsto (2006). The Bacillus cereus group: novel aspects of population structure and genome dynamics. J Appl Microbiol, 101(3):579-593. [4] Vilain S., Y. Luo, M. B. Hildreth, and V. S. Brozel (2006). Analysis of the life cycle of the soil saprophyte Bacillus cereus in liquid soil extract and in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol, 72(7):4970-4977. [5] Bottone E. J. (2010). Bacillus cereus, a volatile human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev, 23(2):382-398. [6] Guinebretiere M. H., H. Girardin, C. Dargaignaratz, F. Carlin, and C. Nguyen-The (2003). Contamination flows of Bacillus cereus and spore-forming aerobic bacteria in a cooked, pasteurized and chilled zucchini puree processing line. Int J Food Microbiol, 82(3):223-232. [7] Kuroki R., K. Kawakami, L. Qin, C. Kaji, K. Watanabe, Y. Kimura, C. Ishiguro, S. Tanimura, Y. Tsuchiya, I. Hamaguchi, M. Sakakura, S. Sakabe, K. Tsuji, M. Inoue, and H. Watanabe (2009). Nosocomial bacteremia caused by biofilm-forming Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Intern Med, 48(10):791-796. [8] Ryu J. and L. R. Beuchat (2005). Biofilm formation and sporulation by Bacillus cereus on a stainless steel surface and subsequent resistance of vegetative cells and spores to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer. J Food Prot, 68(12):2614-2622. [9] Van der Auwera G. A., L. Andrup, and J. Mahillon (2005). Conjugative plasmid pAW63 brings new insights into the genesis of the Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO2 and of the Bacillus thuringiensis plasmid pBT9727. BMC Genomics, 6:103.

Olivier Henriet

Pauline Modrie

Thomas Vanzieleghem

Jacques Mahillon

On the fate of Bacillus cereus sensu lato in multi-species communities: biofilm formation and plasmid transfer

关于广义枯草芽孢杆菌在多物种群落中的命运：生物膜形成与质粒转移

Trapped in the matrix: the impact of Natural Organic Matter fouling on bacterial adhesion under full-scale Nanofiltration processes

陷入矩阵：全规模纳滤过程中天然有机物污染对细菌粘附的影响

Anna Depetris

An automated system for OCT imaging of biofilms under different hydrodynamic regimes

不同水动力条件下生物膜OCT成像的自动化系统

Päivi Sirpa Marjaana Tammela

CD Cruz

Sylvia Bloch

Bozena Nejman-Falenczyk

Grzegorz Wegrzyn

Optimizing methods for biofilm assessment using pathogenic bacteria from clinical samples isolated in Poland

优化使用从波兰临床样本中分离的致病菌进行生物膜评估的方法

Biofilms are formed by a complex bacterial community encapsulated by a polymeric matrix, with strong adherent properties and persistent phenotype. Biofilms are considered one of the most challenging areas of modern medicine. Existing antibiotics have been developed against free-floating bacterial cells, and thus, many treatments of biofilm-related infection fail. In this study, we compared the effects of different media on biofilm growth of clinical reference strains of Staphylococci and Enterococci, including multi-drug resistant representatives. Further, we optimized the resazurin-based assay for determining the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of standard antibiotics, and evaluated its use for the determination of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). We showed that tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% glucose was an optimal media for maximum biofilm growth of all strains tested, with an extended incubation time for Enterococci. A range of parameters were tested for the resazurin assay, including concentration, temperature and time of incubation. Using quality parameters to analyze the assay’s performance, the conditions for the resazurin assay were set as follows: 4 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, with incubation at 25 °C for 20 min and 40 min for Staphylococci and Enterococci, respectively. In summary, we defined conditions for optimal biofilm growth and for standardized resazurin assay for MBIC determination against six Gram-positive clinical reference strains. We also observed that MBEC determination by the resazurin-based assay is limited due to the poor detection limit of the assay. Complementary cell counting data is needed for precise determination of MBEC.

Shreya Shah

Defining conditions for biofilm inhibition and eradication assays for Gram-positive clinical reference strains

定义针对阳性临床参考菌株的生物膜抑制和根除试验条件

Publication Information	Publisher: Cambridge University Press，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2005，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Biofilms

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Communities Driving Electricity Support Communities Thriving on Electricity

Efficient Calculation and Analysis of Steady State Solutions for a Mathematical Model of Nitrifying Bacteria in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

When cell meets membrane: a closer look at early stage biofouling during nanofiltration processes

On the fate of Bacillus cereus sensu lato in multi-species communities: biofilm formation and plasmid transfer

Trapped in the matrix: the impact of Natural Organic Matter fouling on bacterial adhesion under full-scale Nanofiltration processes

An automated system for OCT imaging of biofilms under different hydrodynamic regimes

Optimizing methods for biofilm assessment using pathogenic bacteria from clinical samples isolated in Poland

Defining conditions for biofilm inhibition and eradication assays for Gram-positive clinical reference strains

Optimizing methods for biofilm assessment using pathogenic bacteria from clinical samples isolated in Poland

An automated system for OCT imaging of biofilms under different hydrodynamic regimes