American Journal of Environmental Sciences

Didier Makonko Mabidi

Honoré Manyingu Mutwejile

Georgette Ngakiama Beni Ngweme

Alexis Bwabitulu Nienie

John Mputu Kayembe

Séraphin Ntumba Lusamba

Emmanuel Kazinguvu Atibu

Fernando Piedade Carvalho

John Poté

Heavy Metals Content and Ecotoxicity of Sediments from the Congo River

刚果河沉积物中重金属含量及其生态毒性

Abbas El Toufaili

Dario Pozzetto

Elio Padoano

Luca Toneatti

Ghassan Fakhoury

Circular Economy Modeling for Waste and Energy Management in A Developing Country: The Case of Greater Beirut Area Running Head: Circular Economy Modeling in Greater Beirut Area

发展中国家废物与能源管理的循环经济建模：以大贝鲁特地区为例 标题：大贝鲁特地区循环经济建模

The Eco-physiological assessments of variable parameters known to be essential for proper plant growth and health were determined in cucumber plants exposed to short term treatments in 42 days using two broad classification types; Photo Fenton solution generating OH radicals and simulated acids. Solutions containing different classification of scavengers of OH radicals and mannitol were employed as Controls. Results indicated that the acid rain and photo Fenton solution both decreased the photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), photochemical efficiency of PSII in the dark (Fv/Fm), SPAD chlorophyll and they imparted severe foliar injuries on cucumber leaves. The acids treatments have the highest negative impact followed by the photo Fenton Solution. The mechanisms of phytotoxicity of the two solutions may be through OH radical and other Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. The addition of mannitol, catechin hydrate and tea solutions to the acids and photo Fenton solution mixtures all mitigated the negative effects of the duo on the cucumber plants. Mannitol at dosage applied in the present study can be adjudged to be the best in the amelioration of the negative effects of the fumigants. Future plant protection from deleterious impacts of atmospheric and hydrospheric pollutants can employ mannitol as scavengers of ROS.

Fawzy Eissa

Sayuri Bandai

Nour El-Hoda Zidan

Ilemobayo Oguntimehin

Hiroshi Sakugawa

Comparative Effects and Phytotoxicity of Photo Fenton Solutions and Acid Rains on Cucumber (<i>Cucumis Sativus</i>) Plants: Treats and Console

光芬顿溶液与酸雨对黄瓜（<i>Cucumis Sativus</i>）植物的比较效应及植物毒性：治疗与安慰

The actual quantity of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stored in wetlands can only be estimated within a broad range of uncertainty. An accurate assessment of the size and distribution of the SOC storages in wetland resources is very difficult to obtain, therefore, the proposed research objective is to measure SOC storage and its pool on wetland soils of Arial beel in Bangladesh. Initial results of Arial beel soil profiles indicates SOC concentrations are high in surface soils ranges from 1.67 to 1.95% but its concentrations are decreasing with depth whereas SOC stock in kg C m-2 is increased with depth due to increse soil bulk density with depth. However, carbon in deeper layers may be more stable than that in surface soils due to difference in source, composition and environmental conditions. Soil organic C stored in the three different locations of wetlands soils to 1 m depth such as 16.47, 18.27 and 17.22 kg C m-2, respectively with an average of 17.32 kg C m-2. On the other hand, SOC stored in upland soils to 1m depth such as 11.24 kg C m-2, significantly less than the wetland soils, which indicates that wetland soils serve as a major source of SOC. However, this SOC act as a conditioner to enhance fertility status while combating with climatic extremes, not only that it is a vital component of soil with important effects on the functioning of terrestial ecosystems. For SOC pool, different extraction methods are used such as, highly labile fraction of SOC extracted with hot water (about 3-8% of toal SOC), water soluble fraction of SOC extracted with water (about 1% of total SOC), labile fraction is extracted using CaCl2 (about 1% of total SOC), moderately labile fraction extracted by pyrophosphate (about 4-10% of total SOC), polyaromatic SOC is extracted using toluene + methanol (trace amount of total SOC), microbial biomass C extracted by K2SO4 (about 2-5%) and the resistant fraction remaining after extraction. However, the SOC concentration is high in surface layer but with depth concentration decreases. In addition, soil bulk density and thickness values increase with depth, as a result deeper layers stored more carbon than surface layer in Arial beel soils. There is increasing evidence from the results that wetlands have an important and under-estimated role in carbon storage and its pool the regualation of greenhouse gas emission. Some types of wetlands play a particularly key role as C stores, these include forested wetlands and vegetated inter-tidal wetlands and hence, Sundarban mangrove forest and Tengarchar SOC stocks and pools measurement are an urgent issue for the Climate Change researchers and policy makers.

Md. Faruque Hossain

ASM Maksud Kamal

Monera Akhter Eva

S Mosaddeq Ahmed

Zakia Parveen

Soil Organic Carbon Pool and its Storage in Arial Beel Wetland Soils of Bangladesh

孟加拉国Arial Beel湿地土壤有机碳库及其储量

Human exposure to ionizing radiation from natural sources is an unending and unpreventable phenomenon on earth. Radiation profile and exposure risks for some major markets in Port Harcourt metropolis have been ascertained using radiation exposure rate meter (Radalert-100). The exposure rate measured at mile 3 market and its environs ranged from 0.001±0.0001 to 0.022±0.003 mRh-1 with mean value of 0.014±0.002 mRh-1 while that measured at mile 1 ranged from 0.011±0.001 to 0.018±0.003 mRh-1 with mean value of 0.014±0.002 mRh-1. The exposure rate measured at Rumu-Okoro market ranged from 0.010±0.0001 to 0.018±0.003 mRh-1. The exposure rates measured at the three markets are relatively equal but slightly higher than the recommended safe value of 0.013 mRh-1. The mean absorbed doses estimated from the exposure rates for Mile 3, Mile 1 and Rumu-Okoro are 119.2, 113.68 and 114.8 nGyh-1 respectively, while their mean equivalent doses are 1.15, 1.19 and 1.11 mSvy-1 respectively. The annual effective dose calculated gave mean values of 0.14, 0.16 and 0.168 mSvy-1. These values are lower than the stipulated safe value of 1.0 mSvy-1. The excess lifetime cancer risk estimated exceeded the recommended values in all the sampling points. From the radiation profile of the sampled markets, no immediate radiation risk is expected though there could be a long term effects on the sellers in those markets.

Chinyere Ononugbo

Uzochukwu Anekwe

Background Gamma Radiation in Nigerian Market Environment

尼日利亚市场环境中的背景伽马辐射

Youssef Ismail Hafez

Transverse Bed-Slope, Lateral Bed-Load Rate and Bed-Load Deviation Angle in Meandering Alluvial Streams

弯曲冲积河流中的横向床面坡度、侧向推移质输沙率和推移质偏离角

Paracetamol (4′-hydroxyacetanilide or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol or Acetaminophen) is an analgesic and antipyretic over-the-counter commonly used drug. Paracetamol has been detected in, surface waters, wastewater, and drinking water globally because of its significant utilization and unregulated release into the surroundings which have been a great concern and require an urgent approach. Microbial degradation of paracetamol is considered a desirable choice because of its lenient reaction conditions, low-cost operation, and eco-friendly process. This review focuses on summarizing the current processes for the biodegradation of paracetamol. The review includes characteristics and prevalent pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater, toxicity, degrading microorganisms, enzymes, and possible intermediates. Factors affecting the microbial degradation process of paracetamol such as growth pH, microbial cell concentration, temperature, and glucose have also been reported. The wide knowledge of biotransformation sequence and enzymatic processes engaged in the usage of paracetamol will help enable the optimization and simple design of microbial degradation techniques, which are expected to be more efficient in the treatment of paracetamol-contaminated wastewater.

Yahya Seun Yisau

Naeif Hamoud Al-Makishah

Mohamed Abou El-Fetouh Barakat

Microbial Degradation of Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: A Review

制药废水中对乙酰氨基酚的微生物降解：综述

This study presents a novel approach for characterizing the mechanics of flow in mildly meandering open channels, specifically focusing on the development of a new vertical distribution equation for transverse velocity. Unlike existing equations in the literature that rely on complex logarithmic or integral forms or infinite series forms, which are impractical for hydraulic engineers, the proposed equation employs ordinary power functions. This new formulation offers several advantages, including the consideration of previously neglected lateral forces resulting from wind and ship movement. Comparisons with available existing equations indicate a good agreement, highlighting the accuracy, sensitivity to roughness, and applicability of the developed transverse velocity equation. Notably, the analysis reveals that wind velocities can significantly increase transverse surface and bed velocities, emphasizing the importance of considering such factors in flow characterization. Moreover, the present approach yields higher transverse surface and bed velocities compared to a well-known existing equation. The equation for transverse velocity relies on two key assumptions. Firstly, it assumes a constant turbulent viscosity throughout the flow. Secondly, it relies on the condition that the topographic steering number is less than one, allowing for the approximation of mild curvature and meandering conditions. In addition, the developed transverse velocity equation is the only equation that offers derivation for an expression for the transverse boundary shear stress. This expression accounts for the effects of the centripetal force and the transverse pressure force, providing a comprehensive understanding of the flow dynamics in meandering channels. The study further presents distinct expressions for the deviation angles of the flow velocity and the bed shear stress, enhancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms governing flow behavior in meandering channels.

Transverse Velocity, Transverse Boundary Shear Stress and Flow Deviation in Meandering Open Channels

弯曲明渠中的横向流速、横向边界剪切应力和流偏角

Publication Information	Publisher: Science Publications，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2007，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Heavy Metals Content and Ecotoxicity of Sediments from the Congo River

Circular Economy Modeling for Waste and Energy Management in A Developing Country: The Case of Greater Beirut Area Running Head: Circular Economy Modeling in Greater Beirut Area

Comparative Effects and Phytotoxicity of Photo Fenton Solutions and Acid Rains on Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) Plants: Treats and Console

Soil Organic Carbon Pool and its Storage in Arial Beel Wetland Soils of Bangladesh

Background Gamma Radiation in Nigerian Market Environment

Heavy Metals Content and Ecotoxicity of Sediments from the Congo River

Circular Economy Modeling for Waste and Energy Management in A Developing Country: The Case of Greater Beirut Area Running Head: Circular Economy Modeling in Greater Beirut Area

Transverse Bed-Slope, Lateral Bed-Load Rate and Bed-Load Deviation Angle in Meandering Alluvial Streams

Microbial Degradation of Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: A Review

Transverse Velocity, Transverse Boundary Shear Stress and Flow Deviation in Meandering Open Channels