Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare is a multidisciplinary publication encompassing all areas of applications and research in healthcare simulation technology. The journal is relevant to a broad range of clinical and biomedical specialties, and publishes original basic, clinical, and translational research on these topics and more: Safety and quality-oriented training programs; Development of educational and competency assessment standards; Reports of experience in the use of simulation technology; Virtual reality; Epidemiologic modeling; Molecular, pharmacologic, and disease modeling.

Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare is a multidisciplinary publication that covers all areas of applications and research in healthcare simulation technology. The journal is relevant to a wide range of clinical and biomedical specialties and publishes original basic, clinical, and translational research on topics such as safety and quality-oriented training programs; development of educational and competency assessment standards; reports of experiences in the use of simulation technology; virtual reality; epidemiologic modeling; and molecular, pharmacologic, and disease modeling.

《Simulation in Healthcare》是美国模拟医学会的期刊，涵盖了医疗模拟技术应用和研究的各个领域。该期刊适用于广泛的临床和生物医学专业，发表原创的基础、临床和转化研究，内容包括：安全和质量导向的培训项目；教育和能力评估标准的制定；模拟技术使用经验的报告；虚拟现实；流行病学建模；分子、药理学和疾病建模等主题。

Simulation in Healthcare

Simulations, which represent reality, are effective in pediatric healthcare communication skills education and training. Parents are increasingly engaged in simulation development, particularly for authentic character development, to help achieve greater psychological fidelity. For simulated encounters related to a child's end-of-life, involvement of bereaved parents would make sense. However, this is challenging because there is limited research to guide their inclusion and significant responsibility for any approach to be thoughtful and psychologically safe for participating parents. This study explores the impact and experiences of bereaved parents and actors who participated in simulation design.This qualitative phenomenological study involved five bereaved parents and two actors who participated in a full-day workshop to design and develop characters for use in a simulation. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted up to four weeks after the workshop. Data collected from these telephone interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis.Bereaved parents found the workshop emotionally challenging but positive, worthwhile, and beneficial. Similarly, actors found the workshop helpful in character development and, although it was an intense experience for them, it validated the importance of their work. Key elements of our research findings could inform future such activities.Involving bereaved parents in simulation design can be psychologically safe and beneficial for both parents and actors. Ongoing involvement of bereaved parents may lead to higher-quality simulated experiences, allowing clinicians to practice skills to enhance care provided at a child's end-of-life.

Sidharth Vemuri

Jenny O'Neill

Jenny Hynson

Lynn Gillam

Simulation in Healthcare The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare

Informing Simulation Design: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Bereaved Parents and Actors

Introduction Health professions training programs must train future healthcare providers to meet the needs of equity-deserving patient populations. Standardized patient (SP) programs are one mechanism by which this training can occur. Our aim was to develop a set of recommendations for SP programs and educators around planning, organizing, and delivering SP-based education involving equity-deserving groups. Methods We undertook a qualitative analysis of interview transcripts of SPs, educators, and trainers involved in SP work with equity-deserving groups. Subsequently, we conducted a three-stage modified Delphi process to generate recommendations. Results We derived 10 tips to help stakeholders improve SP-based education involving equity-deserving groups. The underlying themes included collaborative involvement, including co-creation and co-delivery of content with members of equity-deserving groups, as well as consistent prioritization of the needs of SPs throughout the process. Conclusions Our findings suggest ways in which SP programs and educators can better train future healthcare providers to meet the needs of equity-deserving patient populations.

Urmi T. Sheth

Nicole A. Last

Amy C. Keuhl

Arden R.K. Azim

Ruth P. Chen

Jasdeep Dhir

Patricia R. Farrugia

Aaron G. Geekie-Sousa

Jeffrey M. McCarthy

X. Catherine Tong

Sandra D. Monteiro

Matthew G. Sibbald

Standardized Patient Education Focused on Equity Deserving Groups

以公平待遇群体为重点的标准化患者教育

Introduction Hands-on training of basic epistaxis management is often minimal during pregraduate medical training. The objective was to develop and gather structured content validity evidence for a 3D-printed model for simulation-based training and assessment of technical skills in basic epistaxis management. Methods A simulator for epistaxis management training was built based on publicly available 3D-print files with addition of tubing to mimic anterior bleeding. Ten otorhinolaryngologists evaluated the model after performing nasal cavity inspection and insertion and insufflation of a nasal tamponade device. Content validity evidence was collected following Messick's framework. Results Two content experts contributed to define features in the iterative building process. In the structured evaluation of the model, experienced clinicians found the appearance of the outer nose and the resistance when insufflating a nasal tamponade device into the nasal cavity satisfying (mean score of 3.9 and 4.7 out of 5, respectively), whereas the nasal cavity was found to be a bit too spacious compared with typical real-life conditions. Conclusions A 3D-printed simulator for simulation-based training of basic epistaxis management was successfully built. Content validity was gathered, and overall, content experts found the model to adequately represent the technical skills challenges for training novices such as medical students and junior doctors.

Sarah Forslund Jacobsen

Morten Bo Søndergaard Svendsen

Jacob Melchiors

Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen

Content Validity for a 3D-Printed Model for Simulation-Based Training of Basic Epistaxis Management

3D打印模型用于模拟基础鼻出血管理培训的内容有效性

Introduction Managing difficult airways and adverse respiratory events is critical for anesthesia providers. Fiber-optic intubation (FOI) is a strategic management approach in difficult airway situations. Clinical exposure to FOI can be limited, posing challenges for skill development. Simulation-based medical education offers a safe alternative for training. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation-based FOI training program for student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs) in an educational context. Methods A repeated measure study was conducted during the Pediatric Anesthesia Simulation for Student Nurse Anesthetists course at the Peter M. Winter Institute for Simulation, Education, and Research. One hundred twenty-three SRNAs participated in the FOI simulation program. For the analysis, students were stratified into 2 groups based on their performance in the summative testing of nasal FOI time. Baseline characteristics and the students' performance during the simulation were analyzed. Results Among the participants, 58 were categorized as “above median time” (AMT) and 65 as “below median time” (BMT) for FOI testing. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics. The AMT group exhibited longer mean times for summative testing FOI (50 vs. 26 seconds), first FOI attempt (97 vs. 78 seconds), and subsequent sets (third: 374 vs. 325 seconds, fourth: 323 vs. 268 seconds). Both groups showed performance improvement across training sets with reduced variability. Conclusions The simulation-based FOI training program effectively enhanced SRNA skill, with performance improvement during the training period. This study underscores the importance of simulation in anesthesia education, offering a safe and structured environment for skill development in FOI.

Thanat Tangpaisarn

John M. O'Donnell

Joseph S. Goode

Paul Wesley Scott

Paul E. Phrampus

Nasal Fiber-optic Intubation Training for Nurse Anesthesia Students Incorporating Deliberate Practice and Summative Assessment

鼻腔光纤插管训练结合刻意练习与总结性评估对麻醉护理学生的应用

Situation awareness (SA) training is a vital part of healthcare training, and opportunities to provide SA training to healthcare workers are limited in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to analyze undergraduate medical and nursing students' perception of their understanding of SA through an interprofessional obstetric neonatal emergency simulation workshop (ONE-Sim) and subsequently evaluate their perceived changes in SA understanding using the Endsley model ( Hum Factors 1995;37(1):32-64).Feedback on SA before and after the workshop was collected through questionnaire-based surveys. Thematic analysis was performed, with themes emerging from an inductive analysis followed by a deductive analysis using the Endsley model.The themes emerging from the inductive analysis included environmental awareness, evolving knowledge, skill development, and applicability to practice. These aligned with the 3 levels of SA in the Endsley model in the deductive analysis suggesting that participants transformed their perception, comprehension, and projection of SA after the workshop.Simulation-based education enhanced SA perception in obstetric and neonatal emergencies for medical and nursing students in a low- and middle-income country, and the Endsley model is a feasible framework to measure learner perceived changes in SA understanding through simulation-based education.

Manini R. Bhatia

Atul Malhotra

Utkarsh Bansal

Jai Vir Singh

Arunaz Kumar

Using the Endsley Model to Evaluate Simulation-Based Situation Awareness Training for Medical and Nursing Students in India

使用Endsley模型评估印度医学生和护理学生的基于模拟的情境意识培训

Introduction Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflective thinking and learning. Eye-tracking augmented debriefing (ETAD) may provide advantages over traditional debriefing (TD) by leveraging video replay with first-person perspective. This multisite randomized controlled trial compared the impact of ETAD with TD (without eye-tracking and without video) after simulation on 4 outcomes: (1) resident metacognitive awareness (the primary outcome), (2) cognitive load (CL) of residents and debriefers, (3) alignment of resident self-assessment and debriefer assessment scores, and (4) resident and debriefer perceptions of the debriefing experience. Method Fifty-four emergency medicine residents from 2 institutions were randomized to the experimental (ETAD) or the control (TD) arm. Residents completed 2 simulation stations followed by debriefing. Before station 1 and after station 2, residents completed a Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI). After each station, debriefers and residents rated their CL and completed an assessment of performance. After the stations, residents were interviewed and debriefers participated in a focus group. Results There were no statistically significant differences in mean MAI change, resident CL, or assessment alignment between residents and debriefers. Debriefer CL was lower in the experimental arm. Interviews identified 4 themes: (1) reflections related to debriefing approach, (2) eye-tracking as a metacognitive sensitizer, (3) translation of metacognition to practice, and (4) ETAD as a strategy to manage CL. Residents reported that eye tracking improved the specificity of feedback. Debriefers relied less on notes, leveraged video timestamps, appreciated the structure of the eye-tracking video, and found the video useful when debriefing poor performers. Conclusions There were no significant quantitative differences in MAI or resident CL scores; qualitative findings suggest that residents appreciated the benefits of the eye-tracking video review. Debriefers expended less CL and reported less perceived mental effort with the new technology. Future research should leverage longitudinal experimental designs to further understand the impact of eye-tracking facilitated debriefing.

Heather Braund

Andrew K. Hall

Kyla Caners

Melanie Walker

Damon Dagnone

Jonathan Sherbino

Matthew Sibbald

Bingxian Wang

Daniel Howes

Andrew G. Day

William Wu

Adam Szulewski

Evaluating the Value of Eye-Tracking Augmented Debriefing in Medical Simulation—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

评估眼动追踪增强反馈在医学模拟中的价值——一项初步随机对照试验

Summary Statement Otherwise known as debriefing the debrief, meta-debriefing describes the practice of debriefing simulation facilitators after they have facilitated, or observed, a debriefing. It is a vital component of enhancing debriefing skills, irrespective of where debriefers may be in terms of their professional development journey from novice to expert. We present the following 4 fundamental pillars, which underpin the creation of an impactful meta-debriefing strategy: theoretically driven, psychologically safe, context dependent, and formative in function. Furthermore, we describe various strategies that, underpinned by these 4 key pillars, contribute to a toolbox of techniques that enable meta-debriefers to develop proficiency and flexibility in their practice. We have synthesized and critically reviewed the current evidence base, derived mostly from the debriefing literature, and highlighted gaps to address in meta-debriefing contexts. We hope this article stimulates discussion among simulation practitioners, progresses the science and art of meta-debriefing, and prompts further research so that meta-debriefing can become an integral evidence-based component of our faculty development processes.

Abbreviation	Sim Healthcare
Journal Impact	1.83
Quartiles(Global)	HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES(Q3)

ISSN	1559-2332, 1559-713X
h-index	64

Publication Information	Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2006，Proportion of original research papers: 95.95%，Self Citation Rate:11.80%， Gold OA Rate: 8.50%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

Simulation in Healthcare

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Informing Simulation Design: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study of the Experiences of Bereaved Parents and Actors

Standardized Patient Education Focused on Equity Deserving Groups

Content Validity for a 3D-Printed Model for Simulation-Based Training of Basic Epistaxis Management

Nasal Fiber-optic Intubation Training for Nurse Anesthesia Students Incorporating Deliberate Practice and Summative Assessment

Using the Endsley Model to Evaluate Simulation-Based Situation Awareness Training for Medical and Nursing Students in India

Nasal Fiber-optic Intubation Training for Nurse Anesthesia Students Incorporating Deliberate Practice and Summative Assessment

Standardized Patient Education Focused on Equity Deserving Groups

Content Validity for a 3D-Printed Model for Simulation-Based Training of Basic Epistaxis Management

Evaluating the Value of Eye-Tracking Augmented Debriefing in Medical Simulation—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Exploring the Meta-debrief