DOSE-RESPONSE 是一个开放获取的同行评审在线期刊，发表关于跨学科剂量反应关系发生的原始发现和评论。特别感兴趣的重点是提供对非线性剂量反应关系的机械理解的实验证据。

DOSE-RESPONSE is an open-access, peer-reviewed online journal that publishes original findings and reviews on interdisciplinary dose-response relationships. The journal particularly emphasizes empirical evidence that provides mechanistic understanding of nonlinear dose-response relationships.

DOSE-RESPONSE 是一本开放获取的同行评审在线期刊，专注于发表跨学科领域内关于剂量-反应关系的原创研究和评论。期刊特别关注提供对非线性剂量-反应关系的机制理解的实验证据。

Dose-Response

Background Acacia nilotica is a multipurpose plant known for its remedial properties but the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity of its pods remained unexplored. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity of n-hexane (ANPH) and methanol (ANPM) extracts of pods to scientifically validate their medicinal claims. Methods After the pharmacognostic evaluation of pods, in vitro tests were carried out to estimate phenolic and flavonoid content and antimicrobial potential. In vivo experiments involved testing of both extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The molecular docking studies explored insights into the potential binding capabilities of the ligands with the specific target proteins. Results ANPH and ANPM were enriched with phenols and flavonoids and showed antimicrobial effects. In the hepatoprotective test, the rats chronically treated with extracts had a dose-dependent hepatoprotection as markers of liver functionality were notably reduced ( P &lt; 0.05). The in silico studies revealed strong binding interactions of ergost-5-en-3-ol and oxiranyl methyl ester 9-octadecenoic acid with target proteins for antibacterial activity and hepatoprotective activity, respectively. Conclusion The antimicrobial and hepatoprotective potential of pods might be due to their phenols and flavonoids. The Pyrogallol, Ergost-5-en-3-and 9-octadecenoic acid might be bringing these remedial benefits through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Mehak Idrees

Sana Javaid

Sumaira Nadeem

Faria Khurshid

Abida Parveen

Abdul Malik

Azmat Ali Khan

Suhail Akhtar

Sabiha Fatima

Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Properties of Pods of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile: In Vivo and In Silico Approaches

阿拉伯胶树（Acacia nilotica）（L.）Willd. ex Delile 荚果的抗菌和肝保护特性：体内和体外研究方法

Background Cyperus rotundus L., commonly known as nutsedge or purple nutgrass, is a resilient herb in the Cyperaceae family with notable pharmacological potential due to its diverse secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify these metabolites and evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the crude methanol extract of C. rotundus. Methods The crude methanol extract of C. rotundus was prepared, and its antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH scavenging assay. Additionally, in vitro inhibitory effects against the enzymes: α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. The secondary metabolites present in the extract were identified using ESI-MS/MS analysis. Results ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites, including rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, limonene, and beta-pinene. The crude methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, which play crucial roles in carbohydrate digestion. Conclusion The findings indicate that the crude methanol extract of C. rotundus possesses notable antioxidant properties and the potential to inhibit key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. This study enhances our understanding of the bioactive compounds in C. rotundus and suggests its therapeutic applications for managing conditions related to carbohydrate metabolism.

Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash

Ammara Afzaal

Kanwal Rehman

Amjad Hussain

Muhammad Ibrahim

Syed Muhammad Shoaib

Mudassar Shahid

Bushra Sadaf

Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Cyperus rotundus L. and Dose-dependent Effects on Antioxidant Activity and Carbohydrate Digestion Enzymes

识别香附的次生代谢产物及其对抗氧化活性和碳水化合物消化酶的剂量依赖性影响

Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a common complication of thoracic radiotherapy. Metformin has been suggested to have a radioprotective effect.

Yu-Zhong Chen

Lin Zhao

Wei Wei

Jia Gu

Zhen-Hua Liu

Wen-Yue Shan

Jie Dong

Chao Li

Li-Qiang Qin

Jia-Ying Xu

The Effect of Metformin on Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice

二甲双胍对小鼠辐射诱导肺纤维化的影响

Backgound Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe neurological disorders, which invloving complicated molecular mechanisms, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ferroptosis. , However, the mechanism underlying TBI remains unclear. Objectives The Objective was to determine the effect of VPA on ER stress and ferroptosis, and affirm the relationship between ER stress and ferroptosis. Methods: The expression levels of GRP78, ATF6, CHOP and GPX4 in brain tissues were detected via western blot, histological staining, and immunofluorescence. The effect of VPA on ER stress and ferroptosis on OS cellswas evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results In our study, we found that VPA suppressed ER stress after TBI by inhibiting the GRP78-ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway, which ameliorated ferroptosis by reversing the reduction of the ferroptosis protein GPX4. Furthermore, tissue defects, bleeding, and iron accumulation also reduced. Moreover, 4-phenylbutyric acid was used to further confirm our assumption. Conclusion VPA plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting ER stress levels and subsequently inhibiting ferroptosis.

Jie Chen

Lei Li

Lei Huang

Chengyu Zhao

Zhanwei Ruan

Valproic Acid Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Reduces Ferroptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury

丙戊酸抑制内质网应激并减轻创伤性脑损伤后的铁死亡

Background: While respiratory rate has proven to be a sensitive prognostic indicator in ICU settings, its relevance in the context of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients complicated by Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between respiratory rate and in-hospital mortality in this specific patient cohort. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database to analyze all AMI patients with concomitant CHF. The primary outcome, in-hospital mortality, was assessed through multivariate analysis. Logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline regression models, and subgroup analyses were employed to explore the association between respiratory rate and in-hospital mortality. Results: The study encompassed 5056 participants diagnosed with both CHF and AMI. After adjusting for confounding variables, each incremental unit rise in respiratory rate was associated with an 8% increase in the risk of patient mortality (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05∼1.11, P &lt; 0.001). When comparing individuals with respiratory rates in the first tertile (≤17 breaths per minute) and the third tertile (&gt;17-20 breaths per minute) to those in the second tertile (17-20 breaths per minute), the adjusted ORs for in-hospital mortality were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.82∼1.46, P = 0.546) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.27∼2.06, P &lt; 0.001), respectively. A dose-response relationship depicted a J-shaped curve between respiratory rate and the risk of in-hospital mortality, with an inflection point at approximately 19 breaths per minute. Stratified analyses confirmed the robustness of this correlation. Conclusions: This study reveals a J-shaped association between respiratory rate and in-hospital mortality in ICU patients suffering from both AMI and CHF.

Kai Zhang

Yu Shi

Yu Han

Tian Yi Cai

Fang Ming Gu

Zhao Xuan Gu

Tianqi Zhang

Mao Xun Huang

J-Shaped Association Between Respiratory Rate and In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Complicated by Congestive Heart Failure in Intensive Care Unit

急性心肌梗死合并充血性心力衰竭患者在重症监护室中呼吸频率与住院死亡率的J型关联

Abbreviation	Dose. Response.
Journal Impact	2.29
Quartiles(Global)	RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING(Q2)

ISSN	1559-3258
h-index	48

Publication Information	Publisher: International Dose-Response Society，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2008，Proportion of original research papers: 94.53%，Self Citation Rate:4.30%， Gold OA Rate: 89.38%
Journal Fees	$2650Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

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Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Properties of Pods of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile: In Vivo and In Silico Approaches

Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Cyperus rotundus L. and Dose-dependent Effects on Antioxidant Activity and Carbohydrate Digestion Enzymes

The Effect of Metformin on Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice

Valproic Acid Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Reduces Ferroptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury

J-Shaped Association Between Respiratory Rate and In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Complicated by Congestive Heart Failure in Intensive Care Unit

Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Properties of Pods of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile: In Vivo and In Silico Approaches

Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Cyperus rotundus L. and Dose-dependent Effects on Antioxidant Activity and Carbohydrate Digestion Enzymes

The Effect of Metformin on Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice

Valproic Acid Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Reduces Ferroptosis After Traumatic Brain Injury

J-Shaped Association Between Respiratory Rate and In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Complicated by Congestive Heart Failure in Intensive Care Unit