香港职业治疗杂志是香港职业治疗协会的官方同行评审开放获取出版物。该杂志旨在促进职业治疗 (OT) 理论和实践的发展，并促进教育工作者、研究人员和从业者之间的记录和交流。它还致力于提高 OT 的可用性、使用、支持和卓越性，并保持专业标准，以促进对 OT 的更好理解。

The Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy is the official peer-reviewed open access publication of the Hong Kong Occupational Therapy Association. The journal aims to promote the development of occupational therapy (OT) theory and practice, facilitating communication and documentation among educators, researchers, and practitioners. It is also committed to enhancing the accessibility, utilization, support, and excellence of OT, while maintaining professional standards to foster a better understanding of OT.

《Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy》是香港职业治疗协会的官方同行评审开放获取期刊。该期刊旨在推动职业治疗（OT）理论与实践的发展，并促进教育工作者、研究人员和从业者之间的交流与记录。它还致力于提升职业治疗的可用性、应用、支持和卓越性，并保持专业标准，以增进对职业治疗的理解。

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

Objectives The Assessment of Positive Occupation 15 (APO-15) is a scale initially developed to evaluate participation in well-being-promoting occupations among individuals with mental illness. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the APO-15 for individuals with physical illness, focusing on its validity, reliability, and interpretability. Methods We evaluated the psychometric properties of the APO-15 using a sample of 1,259 individuals with physical illness living at home, in hospitals, and in nursing homes. Validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factor structure, and concurrent validity was examined by correlating APO-15 scores with measures of happiness and psychological distress. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency analysis using Cronbach's alpha, and item difficulty was analyzed using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM). Interpretability was established through a T-scale-based five-level criterion for client status. Results The APO-15 showed strong psychometric properties. CFA indicated a good fit for the factor structure (RMSEA= 0.100, CFI= 0.944, TLI= 0.930). Internal consistency was high, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.914. Item difficulty analysis revealed a bias towards easier items, consistent with previous findings in mental illness populations. The T-scale-based five-level criterion effectively classified client status, though significance was noted between most levels except levels 1 and 2. Conclusion The Japanese version of the APO-15 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing occupational participation and promoting well-being among individuals with physical illness. It provides a robust framework for occupational therapists to support clients' well-being through targeted occupational engagement.

Takuya Noguchi

Makoto Kyougoku

Psychometric properties of the Assessment of Positive Occupation 15 for individuals with physical illness

《身体疾病患者积极职业评估15的心理测量学特性》

Introduction Transition of senior adults from community into nursing homes (NH) is a challenging event for both the senior adults and their family. Even with the introduction of new service models, studies continued to advocate that the navigation of services should remain simple and streamlined. In relation to the ‘wicked problem’ that persist, design thinking methodology and tools can be adopted to address the unacceptably huge gap between the services that NH operators aim to deliver and the actual service that is delivered. The study aims to understand the experience of senior adults transitioning into NH from the design thinking approach. Methods A phenomenological research design was used with 10 senior adults recruited. The protocol consisted of three 8-h sessions, in-depth observations of the participants in an NH environment and a 45-min semi-structured interview with the participants to understand their experience of transition into a NH. Results Four distinct phases were unravelled to illustrate the transition process. Four personas were also created to represent the types of senior adults who are likely to transition into a NH. Main factors that influence the experience of transition include (1) emotions of the senior adults, (2) support provided during the transition, and (3) frequency of visitation by others. Conclusion The study validated the complexity of transition into a NH. Using the design thinking methodology and tools, such as interviewing with empathy and the creation of personas, findings can be used to develop a service model that addresses the challenges of seniors’ transition into a NH.

Benjamin Wei Ming Lim

Agnes Lishan Xue

Irene Toh

Sok Mui Lim

Re-designing the experience of transition into nursing homes: A Singapore study

重新设计入住养老院体验：新加坡研究

Purpose: This study examines the test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity of Star excursion balance test (SEBT), One-leg stance (OLS), Functional reach test (FRT), Timed up-and-go test (TUG), and Tandem walking test (TW) in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: Thirteen participants with schizophrenia who had a history of falls and 13 age-matched controls with schizophrenia who had no history of falls received the five balance assessments battery to establish test-retest reliability. A force platform was administered to examine concurrent validity, while balance assessment performance between fallers and non-fallers was examined for discriminant validity. Conventional receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to estimate the optimal cutoff scores. Results: Based on the 95% confidence interval of the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the test-retest reliability was good for SEBT and TUG (ICC = .92 −.99) but poor for TW (eyes open) (ICC = .15 −.74). Concurrent validity with force platform parameters showed a larger amount of significant correlations for SEBT (with r s = −.738∼-.392) and TUG (with r s = .401–.771) and low for OLS (with r s = −.494∼-.398). The discriminant validity was established for SEBT and TUG. The highest area under the curves (AUC &gt;.8) was noted for SEBT and TUG, demonstrating better sensitivity and specificity. The cutoff score for specific assessment was also provided. Conclusion: The SEBT and TUG demonstrated better reliability and validity for examining the balance functions of individuals with schizophrenia. Furthermore, with the larger AUC, the SEBT and TUG showed superior performance in identifying fall risks.

I-Chen Lin

Fu-Chen Chen

Chia-Hsiang Chen

Ming-De Chen

Reliability and validity of five balance assessments battery in individuals with schizophrenia

精神分裂症患者五种平衡评估工具的信度和效度

To examine the effect of different management methods on the effectiveness of care preventive programmes for community-dwelling older adults.This study comprised two facilitator-led (FL) and one participant-led (PL) preventive care classes in Japan. All participants received the intervention for approximately 12 weeks. Functional assessments, occupational dysfunctions, and subjective health were measured before and after the interventions. A two-way mixed design analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was adopted to examine the effect of the interventions, adjusted for previous experiences with preventive care services. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.Fourteen participants in the PL group (76.64 ± 6.48 years, 92.9% women) and 29 participants in the FL group (76.55 ± 5.75 years, 75.9% women) were included in the statistical analysis. ANCOVA showed significant group × time interaction effects in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), the Timed Up & Go (TUG), occupational deprivation of the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction Scale, and self-rated health. Simple main effect tests showed that the TUG decreased significantly in the PL group, while occupational deprivation and self-rated health scores improved significantly. In contrast, FTSST scores significantly improved in the FL group.PL-type management may be more appropriate for preventing social isolation and withdrawal, while FL-type management may be more appropriate for preventing physical frailty. Selecting not only adequate programmes but also an appropriate management type that matches the service purpose can help provide more effective care preventive services.

Shan Yun

Risa Takashima

Kazuki Yoshida

Daisuke Sawamura

Takao Inoue

Shinya Sakai

Differences of expected intervention effects between participant-led and facilitator-led preventive care services in Japan

日本参与者主导与促进者主导预防性护理服务预期干预效果的差异

Work personality was found to relate to successful work adjustment, job readiness, work motivation and job maintenance. The revised developmental work personality scale (RDWPS) is a self-reported assessment to evaluate the work personality of the examinee which further psychometric study is required and needs to be applied to different culture. The aim of this study was to examine the theoretical structure, validity, and reliability of the traditional Chinese version of the RDWPS.The subjects were 113 university students with no known physical or mental illness who aged between 19 and 22. Cluster analysis was used to examine the theoretical structure. Rasch analysis was applied to examine the psychometric properties.We dropped the unfit three items and found the 11 items of traditional Chinese version of the RDWPS was adequate to fit the theoretical construct. The results of the Rasch analysis showed that the 11 items with a three-point rating scale of the traditional Chinese version of the RDWPS had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76), moderate reliability, and met the criteria of unidimensionality.The results of this study provided initial evidence that the traditional Chinese version of the RDWPS can be readily applied to research related to work behavior for those whose primary language is traditional Chinese, with adequate reliability and validity.

De-Chang Liu

David Strauser

Ay-Woan Pan

Examining the validity and reliability of the revised developmental work personality scale (RDWPS)-traditional Chinese version

检验修订版发展性工作人格量表（RDWPS）- 繁体中文版的效度和信度

Background Gardening as a leisure activity has been shown to be potentially beneficial for older adults, this study aimed to assess the physiological and psychological impacts of a specific horticultural activity, watering indoor plants, compared with playing a computer game - the Klondike Solitaire Card Game. Methods This crossover study included 100 older adults recruited from a nursing care facility for older people in Shanghai, China. They were allocated to either engage in watering indoor plants (horticultural group) or playing a computer game (control group). For the inclusion criteria, screening for cognitive function was conducted to exclude those with severe cognitive impairments, thereby focusing on those capable of participating fully in the study activities. Brainwave activities, blood pressure, and psychological states were measured through pre- and post-test questionnaires to evaluate the physiological and psychological effects. Results The activity of watering indoor plants was associated with significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in contrast to the computer game activity. Additionally, participants in the horticultural group showed increased brainwave mean values, indicating heightened relaxation and focus, while decreases were observed in the control group. The experimental group reported reduced anxiety scores, along with increased feelings of comfort and relaxation, and also exhibited significantly higher meditation levels, which indicates a profound mental relaxation effect. Conclusion Our findings suggest that engaging in indoor horticultural activities, such as watering houseplants for 10 minutes, can reduce mental and physical stress levels in older adults.

Li Xiaoyi

Ahmad Hassan

Jiang Tao

Zhang Deshun

Psychological and physiological benefits of horticultural therapy for Chinese older adults

中国老年人园艺疗法的心理和生理益处

Objective Occupational therapy aims at enhancing people’s life satisfaction, it is important to focus on the occupational gap between “what they want to do” and “what they actually do.” This study aimed to describe the characteristics of occupational gap of older adults with care needs who are residing at home, and clarify how the occupational gap patterns classify their life satisfaction. Method The Occupational Gap Questionnaire was used to assess the occupational gaps of 209 older adults with care needs (80.1 ± 7.5 years old, 42.1% male), and a Classification and Regression Tree analysis was performed. Results The most important factor in classifying participants’ life satisfaction was the number of social activities that “they do and want to do,” followed by the number of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) that “they do not do but want to do”. Conclusion Our results suggest that promoting participation in social activities and IADLs that participants want to do may improve life satisfaction even when care is needed. Our findings indicate that it is important not only to reduce the occupational gap but also to increase the number of meaningful activities they want to do.

Yuka Misu

Shintaro Hayashi

Taisei Yamamoto

Classification of life satisfaction by occupational gaps and its characteristics among older adults with care needs

按职业差距对老年人生活满意度分类及其特征研究

Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Occup. Ther.
Journal Impact	0.84
Quartiles(Global)	REHABILITATION(Q4)

ISSN	1569-1861, 1876-4398
h-index	19

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd，Publishing cycle: Annual，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2002，Proportion of original research papers: 77.78%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 84.44%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy

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Share Submission Experience

Psychometric properties of the Assessment of Positive Occupation 15 for individuals with physical illness

Re-designing the experience of transition into nursing homes: A Singapore study

Reliability and validity of five balance assessments battery in individuals with schizophrenia

Differences of expected intervention effects between participant-led and facilitator-led preventive care services in Japan

Examining the validity and reliability of the revised developmental work personality scale (RDWPS)-traditional Chinese version

Psychometric properties of the Assessment of Positive Occupation 15 for individuals with physical illness

Re-designing the experience of transition into nursing homes: A Singapore study

Reliability and validity of five balance assessments battery in individuals with schizophrenia

Psychological and physiological benefits of horticultural therapy for Chinese older adults

Classification of life satisfaction by occupational gaps and its characteristics among older adults with care needs