Information Polity

Creating commercial value through open data use in open data ecosystems is a wicked problem. This problem is characterized by a lack of specific formulation, complex interactions amongst a variety of stakeholders, a lack of criteria determining a sat

Anneke Zuiderwijk

Marijn Janssen

Geerten van de Kaa

Kostas Poulis

The wicked problem of commercial value creation in open data ecosystems: Policy guidelines for governments

开放数据生态系统中商业价值创造的棘手问题：政府的政策指南

In recent years, ``smart cities'' have rapidly increased in discourses as well as in their real number, and raise various issues. While citizen engagement is a key element of most definitions of smart cities, information and communication technologies (ICTs) would also have great potential for faci litating public participation. However, scholars have highlighted that little research has focused on actual practices of citizen involvement in smart cities so far. In this respect, the authors analyse public participation in Japanese ``Smart Communities'', paying attention to both official discourses and actual practices. Smart Communities were selected in 2010 by the Japanese government which defines them as ``smart city'' projects and imposed criteria such as focus on energy issues, participation and lifestyle innovation. Drawing on analysis of official documents as well as on interviews with each of the four Smart Communities' stakeholders, the paper explains that very little input is expected from Japanese citizens. Instead, ICTs are used by municipalities and electric utilities to steer project participants and to change their behaviour. The objective of Smart Communities would not be to involve citizens in city governance, but rather to make them participate in the co-production of public services, mainly energy production and distribution.

Benoit Granier

Hiroko Kudo

How are citizens involved in smart cities? Analysing citizen participation in Japanese ``Smart Communities''

公民如何参与智慧城市？分析日本“智慧社区”中的公民参与

This study represents two critical steps forward in the area of smart city research and practice. The first is in the form of the development of a comprehensive conceptualization of smart city as a resource for researchers and government practitioners; the second is in the form of the creation of a bridge between smart cities research and practice expertise. City governments increasingly need innovative arrangements to solve a variety of technical, physical, and social problems. ``Smart city'' could be used to represent efforts that in many ways describe a vision of a city, but there is little clarity about this new concept. This paper proposes a comprehensive conceptualization of smart city, including its main components and several specific elements. Academic literature is used to create a robust framework, while a review of practical tools is used to identify specific elements or aspects not treated in the academic studies, but essential to create an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization of smart city. The paper also provides policy implications and suggests areas for future research in this topic.

J. Ramon Gil-Garcia

Theresa A. Pardo

Taewoo Nam

What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization

什么造就了智慧城市？识别核心组成部分并提出综合全面的理论概念化

Open data ecosystems are expected to bring many advantages, such as stimulating citizen participation and innovation. However, scant attention has been given to what constitutes an open data ecosystem. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of essential elements of open data ecosystems for enabling easy publication and use of open data. To achieve this objective, the literature has been reviewed and a scenario about the publication and use of open data has been analyzed. It was found that various applications, tools and portals are available which together can form an ecosystem. The best functionalities of this ecosystem can be selected and utilized by open data providers and users. To create an open data ecosystem at least four key elements should be captured, namely, 1) releasing and publishing open data on the internet, 2) searching, finding, evaluating and viewing data and their related licenses, 3) cleansing, analyzing, enriching, combining, linking and visualizing data and 4) interpreting and discussing data and providing feedback to the data provider and other stakeholders. Furthermore, to integrate the ecosystem elements and to let them act as an integrated whole, there should be three additional elements 5) user pathways showing directions for how open data can be used, 6) a quality management system and 7) different types of metadata to be able to connect the elements.

Chris Davis

Innovation with open data: Essential elements of open data ecosystems

开放数据创新：开放数据生态系统的关键要素

The generation of social and economic value from the vast quantities of data opened by governments has been much lower than the initial expectations. It requires the development and cooperation of ecosystems composed of various public, private, and non-profit actors. For the development of these ecosystems in order to generate social and economic value from open government data (OGD), necessary conditions are, on the one hand, the availability of a critical mass of OGD and, on the other hand, the existence of some level of homogeneity and interoperability among the numerous portals and websites providing them, which enables their combined exploitation that increases the potential for value generation from them. This paper focuses on the latter and develops the Technical, Semantic, Legal, and Organizational (TSLO) Interoperability Framework, a conceptual tool designed to provide a structured multi-dimensional assessment of the interoperability capabilities of OGD infrastructures, based on the ‘European Interoperability Framework’ (EIF) as well as relevant OGD literature. This TSLO framework has been applied for the assessment of the above main dimensions of the interoperability of the OGD infrastructures of the Greek local government administration institutions of all three layers (decentralized, regional, and municipal). After this application, nine interviews were conducted with nine municipalities that do not provide OGD in order to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for this. The results of this first application of TSLO revealed not only the low participation of Greek local government institutions, and especially of the municipalities, in the OGD movement (with only 8 out of the 332 municipalities providing open data on their portals or websites), but also the inconsistent implementation of this, especially with respect to the use of semantic technologies as well as the legal frameworks under which the open data are provided, resulting in low levels of interoperability among them. The interviews that were conducted revealed that the opening of some of their data was not a priority for them, as their limited resources had to be used for the development of internal information systems for increasing their efficiency, as well as e-services for the citizens, enabling them to conduct transactions electronically (through the Internet). Our study makes a contribution to the still limited body of research on OGD ecosystems, examining an important precondition for their development that has not been researched in previous literature; also, our framework can contribute to the increase of interoperability of OGD infrastructures and therefore to the increase of social and economic value generations for the OGD they provide.

Mohsan Ali

Georgios Papageorgiou

Abdul Aziz

Euripidis Loukis

Yannis Charalabidis

Charalampos Alexopoulos

Francisco Javier López Pellicer

A Framework for the Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Interoperability for Open Data Ecosystems Development

开放数据生态系统开发互操作性多维评估框架

Data analytics (DA) use has been frequently considered a transformational practice in the public sector, particularly in terms of its potential for data-driven decision making by local governments. Despite growing interest from academics and practitioners, empirical research on what cities are actually doing regarding DA and how is still relatively scarce, particularly in terms of a focus on specific activities and processes. Based on a socio-technical view, this paper examines a local government’s experience with DA use and how DA can be seen as a process and transformational practice. Results reveal that DA practices go beyond the use of specific technologies and involve collaborative efforts to formulate meaningful problems and prepare data for specific uses. Indeed, problem formulation is an essential step where collective discussions and assessment by technical and nontechnical DA practitioners occurs. Our findings suggest that (1) data analytics viewed as a socio-technical process involves data management and analysis, but also collaborative processes between multiple city agencies, (2) collaborative efforts go beyond data analytics and include data collection, data representation, and problem formulation; and (3) formulating the problem in a collaborative manner could be considered an important first step when using data analytics for decision-making in local governments. Furthermore, collaborative problem formulation in DA seems to be affected by specific variables related to the collaborative effort such as leadership, governance, and technology.

Felippe Cronemberger

Understanding the importance of collaborative problem formulation for data analytics: Key lessons about leadership, governance, and technology

理解协作问题构建在数据分析中的重要性：关于领导力、治理和技术的关键启示

Anastasija Nikiforova

Anthony Simonofski

Manuel Pedro Rodrguez Bolvar

Towards sustainable public and open data ecosystems: An introduction to a special section

迈向可持续的公共和开放数据生态系统：特刊导言

Frank Bannister

Albert Meijer

John Taylor

Karl Lofgren

William Webster

In Memoriam: Miriam Lips (1967–2024): An Appreciation of Her Life

纪念米里亚姆·利普斯（1967-2024）：对她一生的缅怀

Book Review: <i>Big Data and Public Policy: Course, Content and Outcome</i> by Moody, R., &amp; Bekkers, V.

书评：《大数据与公共政策：课程、内容与成果》，作者：Moody, R., & Bekkers, V.

Abbreviation	IP
Journal Impact	1.30
Quartiles(Global)	INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE(Q2)

ISSN	1570-1255, 1875-8754
h-index	43

Publication Information	Publisher: IOS Press BV，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2002，Proportion of original research papers: 96.77%，Self Citation Rate:15.40%， Gold OA Rate: 31.82%

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The wicked problem of commercial value creation in open data ecosystems: Policy guidelines for governments

How are citizens involved in smart cities? Analysing citizen participation in Japanese ``Smart Communities''

What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization

Innovation with open data: Essential elements of open data ecosystems

A Framework for the Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Interoperability for Open Data Ecosystems Development

A Framework for the Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Interoperability for Open Data Ecosystems Development

Understanding the importance of collaborative problem formulation for data analytics: Key lessons about leadership, governance, and technology

Towards sustainable public and open data ecosystems: An introduction to a special section

In Memoriam: Miriam Lips (1967–2024): An Appreciation of Her Life

Book Review: Big Data and Public Policy: Course, Content and Outcome by Moody, R., & Bekkers, V.