Advances in International Management

Diasporas can play a vital role in enhancing a country's international competitiveness. They can act as catalysts to enhance human capital development in their country of origin (COO), use their transnational social networks in both the COO and country of residence (COR) as conduits for trade and investment, introduce COO culture and products in the COR, enhance the COO's soft power and use their social networks to favourably affect the COO effect. In this paper, we examine the vital roles that modern diasporas play, as well as the issues that have led to their increasing importance. These issues are illustrated by looking at the experiences of two of the largest modern diasporas, the Chinese and Indian diasporas. The paper concludes by examining some of the emerging issues for diasporas in the fast changing current global environment, and discusses some of their implications for the diasporas themselves, their COOs and their CORs.

Masud Chand

Diasporas as drivers of national competitiveness

侨民作为国家竞争力的推动者

The international business literature has long acknowledged that firms face disadvantages when engaging in business abroad. This disadvantage is expressed in such constructs as the costs of doing business abroad, the liability of foreignness and the country-of-origin effect; however, none of these constructs fully captures the potential liability associated with the home base of the multinational enterprise. We develop a new construct, liability of home, aimed at filling this gap, providing insights into the theory and practice of international business.

Charles E. Stevens

Oded Shenkar

Institutional Theory in International Business and Management

The Liability of Home: Institutional Friction and Firm Disadvantage Abroad

家的责任：制度摩擦与企业在海外的劣势

Understanding institutional distance – i.e., the difference in institutional context between countries – is critical for firms whose operations span national boundaries. Institutional distance impacts the relative attractiveness of country markets, trade-offs among foreign market entry strategies, the management of subsidiaries abroad, and ultimately, firm performance. Although scholars in various disciplines have made great advances in defining and measuring the institutional characteristics of nations, we contend that many of these advances have occurred in a parallel fashion. Moreover, extant empirical studies focus disproportionately on the impact of different subsets of the identified institutional characteristics. We suggest that it is time to find common ground across the disparate literatures. Doing so would allow us to view differences in institutional contexts more holistically, and refine our understanding of their implications for multinational corporations.

Jin-Hyun Bae

Robert Salomon

The Past, Present and Future of International Business &amp; Management

Institutional distance in international business research

国际商务研究中的制度距离

Lorraine Eden

Stewart R Miller

DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY

距离影响：外国企业劣势、制度距离与所有权策略

出版信息	出版商: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.，出版周期: ，期刊类型: book-series，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2007，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

Advances in International Management

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Diasporas as drivers of national competitiveness

The Liability of Home: Institutional Friction and Firm Disadvantage Abroad

Institutional distance in international business research

DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY

The Liability of Home: Institutional Friction and Firm Disadvantage Abroad

Diasporas as drivers of national competitiveness

Institutional distance in international business research

DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY