Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences

Abstract Y-short tandem repeat (Y-STR) typing is very beneficial for identifying offenders in cases of sexual assault. Even though vaginal swabs from female victims are routinely taken for DNA analysis, penile penetration does not occur in every case. Therefore, in such cases the victim’s lower undergarment is also obtained, along with vaginal and/or anal swabs. In accordance with each country’s statutory guidelines, the positive legal prescription for sexual offences is rather extensive. So, cases that have occurred prior to DNA analysis being applied routinely may now be typed for Y-STR, even after the specimens have been frozen for so long. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality and quantity of Y-STRs that we derived from fluids extracted from sperm-negative specimens. Twenty-eight frozen stain-extracted-fluids from lower undergarments samples were available. Their Y-STR profiles were amplified, and typed, using commercial Y-STR kits. The results demonstrated that 35.7% of stain-extracted-fluids on lower undergarments that had been stored in -20°C for 16-53 months showed complete typing of Y-STRs, with an average DNA peak height of each sample occurring within a range of 90.60 - 2,905.92 RFUs. Nor was there a significant difference in the number of loci and average DNA peak height found among the samples kept frozen from &lt; 36 months, as compared to those of &gt; 36 months. The results of this study support our assertion that even extremely long-term preservation of extracted fluids at -20 °C can maintain high-quality and quantity Y-STR segments. Keywords: DNA peak height, Frozen extract, Sexual assault, Y-STR, Y-STR loci

Manoch Chockjamsai

Supakit Khacha-ananda

Sukon Prasitwattanaseree

Pattarach Rattaracheewakul

Karnda Mekjaidee

Chromosome Y Analysis of Long-Term Frozen Extract from Sperm-Negative Stains on Lower Undergarments in Sexual Abuse Cases

性侵案件中下体衣物无精斑样本的长期冷冻提取物Y染色体分析

Abstract This study aimed to design and test a COVID-19 surveillance system model for community-industry population. A prospective cohort study was conducted from May to December, 2020. Researchers designed a COVID-19 surveillance system and presented it to stakeholders from the community-industry setting in Lamphun and Chiang Mai provinces, Thailand. The model was adjusted following feedback and tested. The model was an Active surveillance for early Alert and rapid Action using Big data and mobile phone application technology for a Community-industry setting (3ABC model). The major components were active surveillance, community-based surveillance, event-based surveillance, and early warning and rapid response. A drive-thru testing unit was operated to enable early detection. Alerts and recommended action on individual and administrative levels were sent via an application and networks. In the testing of the model, risk assessment was initially conducted with regard to COVID-19 transmission in the factories. Researchers provided recommendations based on findings. The improvements included human resource management, systems, and structure. The 3ABC model work well as designed. The participants actively reported events daily including prevention and control activities, animal diseases (foot-and-mouth disease in buffalos and hog cholera), human diseases (dengue and chikungunya), and absent of COVID-19 outbreak. Only five quarantined COVID-19 cases whom were monitored. Daily reports of no abnormal event was also high (70.2% to 71.1%). It is practical and feasible to implement the 3ABC model in a community-industry setting. A further study for a longer period to verify its level of effectiveness should be done. Keywords: Infectious disease, Epidemic model, Surveillance, Mobile application, Model evaluation

Lakkana Thaikruea

Lertrak Srikitjakarn

Nopasit Chakpitak

Sakorn Pornprasert

Rujira Ouncharoen

Woottichai Khamduang

Boontuan Kaewpinta

Sakulrat Pattamakaew

Ekkachai Laiya

Somsak Chanaim

Jiraporn Wongyai

Model of COVID-19 Surveillance System for a Community-industry Setting

社区-产业环境下COVID-19监测系统模型

Abstract A diet high in fat and/or alcohol is a major cause of fatty liver disease (FLD), which is a common precursor to chronic liver disease. As the pathogenetic mechanisms of FLD remain unclear, an appropriate animal model is critical to problem solving in this field. This study aimed to develop an FLD mouse model using a diet high in fat and/or ethanol. Five-week-old female ICR mice were given free access to a high fat diet (HFD, 60 kcal % fat of total food), or daily intragastrically administered ethanol (E, 0.5 g/kg/day), or a combination of HFD and ethanol (HFD+E). Hepatic histology was observed with oil red O (ORO) staining. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels of metabolic, antioxidant, and inflammatory genes, i.e. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha and gamma (Ppar-α and Ppar-γ), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (Srebp-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), fatty acid synthase (Fas), fat cluster of differentiation (Cd-36), catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (Sod1 and Sod2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), nuclear factor-kappa b (Nf-ĸb), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) were determined. HFD+E induced FLD in mice by increasing hepatic TG levels and expression of Acc and Fas metabolic genes and Cd-36 and Mcp-1 inflammatory genes, while simultaneously reducing the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes. These findings confirm that HFD+E is a potent regimen for FLD induction in mice. Keywords: High fat diet, Alcohol, Non-invasive, Antioxidation, Metabolic gene, Inflammatory gene

Nadta Sukkasem

Waranya Chatuphonprasert

Kanokwan Jarukamjorn

High Fat Diet and Ethanol-Induced Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model

高脂饮食和乙醇诱导的脂肪肝疾病小鼠模型

Abstract Iscan’s staging method for age estimation from fourth ribs has been proved to be a potentially useful tool for various populations. However, due to interracial variations, it is necessary to calibrate its’ accuracy in reference to a population of Thai males before it can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of phasing analyses of sternal ends of fourth ribs developed by Iscan, et al., on a Thai male population. The Iscan’s method was applied to 50 Thai males aged 18 years and above. Staging of sternal ends of the ribs was analyzed based on 3 morphological features: pit depth, pit shape, and rim and wall configurations – designated as components 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and cross-tabulation with Kendall’s Tau-c correlation. It was found that sternal end stages of fourth ribs in each component, inclusive of composite scores, are positively correlated to the age of the individual (P &lt; 0.001). However, Iscan’s result - which was derived from a population of white males - delivers age-underestimation in a Thai population. Hence, we developed a modified age prediction reference table for application to Thai males. Applying cross-tabulation analysis, stages 1 and 2 were found only in individuals who were less than 40 years old, and stages 4 and 5 were found only in the 40 years and above age-group except for 1 case. Keywords: Age estimation, Fourth rib, Iscan’s method, Thai male

Phimolsinee Siriphimolwat

Watha Minsan

The Validity of Iscan’s Age Estimation Method applied to the Fourth Rib in a Thai Male population

泰国男性人群中Iscan年龄估计方法应用于第四肋骨的有效性

Abstract Staphylococcus epidermidis has gained a substantial importance in recent years because it is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial infections. It requires a predisposed host in order to switch from a normal inhabitant of the human skin to a pathogenic flora. This study aimed to use icaA/icaD genes as biomarkers in differentiating biofilm-forming S. epidermidis, obtained from patients with intravascular catheter (IVC) infections, from other saprophytic strains. Twenty isolates of S. epidermidis obtained from 100 cases of intravascular catheter infections were investigated for the presence of the intracellular adhesion icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for phenotypic biofilm production by qualitative Congo red agar assay (CRA). Results: Nine (~45%) S. epidermidis isolates out of 20 isolates collected from IVC infections were positive for both CRA (produce black colonies) and icaA/icaD genes; while 11 (~55%) S. epidermidis isolates were negative for CRA and icaA/icaD genes. Detection of icaA/icaD gene is a reliable, efficient, and more rapid tool for characterizing biofilm-forming strains of S. epidermidis. Keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis; icaA; icaD; biofilm

Gamal A. El-Sawaf

Sara M.A.I. Adlan

Dalia Metwally

Magda M. Abo-Ollo

Medhat M.A. Hamed

Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif

Identifying biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from intravascular-catheterized patients by icaA and icaD genes

通过icaA和icaD基因鉴定来自静脉导管插入患者的表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成菌株

Abstract Childhood neurodevelopment could be affected by various factors, such as heavy metal cadmium and copper. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific evidence published to date on the potential effects on cognitive development in children exposed to cadmium and copper by pooling the results of the different studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of original articles published from January 2012 until December 2020 in PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane which evaluate the effects on cognitive development due to pre or post-natal exposure to cadmium and copper in children. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 and linear regression techniques were used to estimate the effect size. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Our search resulted in 6 articles that evaluated the effects of cadmium and copper on cognitive development met the inclusion criteria: 4 cadmium, 2 copper, and 1 both. Most studies evaluating cadmium exposure (4 of 5) reported a significant negative effect on cognitive development. Only two studies that evaluated exposure to copper found an association with neurodevelopment. The meta-analysis showed an increase of cadmium levels in urine would be associated with a 1.4 decrease in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) (P =0.008) and a 1.03 decrease in verbal scale IQ of children (P =0.006). There were no enough studies of copper exposure to conduct a meta-analysis. Current evidence supports the finding that cadmium exposure has a detrimental effect on cognitive development in children but there is little information on copper. Keywords: Cadmium, Child, Cognitive, Copper, Neurodevelopment

Leonardo Ferryanto M. Samadhi

Irwanto .

Indri Safitri Mukono

Systematic Review-Meta Analysis Study the Effect of Cadmium and Copper Exposure on Children’s Cognitive

系统评价-荟萃分析研究镉和铜暴露对儿童认知的影响

Abstract Urban wastewater (UWW) and industrial wastewater (IWW) release lots of heavy metals into the environment, leading to various risks regarding agricultural production, food quality, human and animal health, and environmental safety. Phytoremediation is known as one of the best and most affordable strategies to eliminate or reduce heavy metals in different environments. This study examined the phytoremediation ability of three plant species (Cyperus alternifolius, Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f) to absorb heavy metals of Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Mg from the contaminated soil with UWW and IWW for 14 months. The result showed that all three examined plants reduced heavy metal pollution of the soil using the phytostabilization method. The metal accumulation index (MAI) of the root in V. zizanioides was higher than C. alternifolius and A. vera. While MAI of the shoot in A. vera was higher than C. zizanioides and C. alternifolius. Based on the results, it is suggested to cultivate C. zizanioides and A. vera in the polluted areas to decrease the amount of soil contaminants and create a green belt. Keywords: Heavy metal, Industrial and urban wastewater, Metal accumulation index, Phytoremediation, Phytostabilization

Sareh Ebrahimi Nokande

Seyed Mehdi Razavi

Mansour Afshar Mohammadian

The Capacity of Heavy Metal Remediation by Cyperus alternifolius, Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. under Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment

工业和城市废水处理下香附子、竹节草和芦荟的重金属修复能力

Abstract Three sinapyl alcohol analogues, 4-O-[(2E)-3,7,7-Trimethyl-2,6-octadiene] (1), 4-O-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-6-ol] (2) and 4-O-[(2E)(5E)-3,7,7-Trimethyl-2,5-octadiene-7-ol] (3) have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae). The chemical structures of compounds 1-3 were determined based on spectroscopic data including one and two-dimensional NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was tested in vitro using these sinapyl alcohols. Among the isolated compounds 1, showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 54.18 µg/mL, suggesting that the presence of a gem-dimethyl and hydroxyl groups play important role for cytotoxic activity. Keywords: Cytotoxic activity, MCF-7 cell lines, Rutaceae, sinapyl alcohol, Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.

Ruchiyat .

Tati Herlina

Iqbal Musthapa

Unang Supratman

Sinapyl alcohols analogues from the stembark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

来自Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC茎皮的芥子醇类似物及其对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系的细胞毒活性

Abstract There are two methods that can be used to detect the causative of allergen that trigger the occurrence of Atopic Dermatitis (AD): skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE). Indonesia has developed SPT using local allergens extract to be used as an allergen diagnostic tool. This study aims to determine the correlation between local SPT from Indonesia and sIgE of mites. As many as 45 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Skin prick test was evaluated twice, one week apart. The first SPT was done with standard SPT, and second SPT with local SPT. The sIgE examination was examined at the second week, after performing SPT with local allergen extracts. The subjects in this study were 18-60 years old and dominated by females (75.56%). The three diagnostic tools used in this study showed the same clinical relevance (68.89%). From the mites sIgE examination, it was found that Tyrophagus putrescentiae was the most common sensitized allergen found in positive mites SPT (57.78%). The results of this showed significant results (P &lt;0.05) and moderate correlation (r = 0.40-0.69) between sIgE class and wheal diameter of local SPT on mites allergen. This study found that local SPT from Indonesia has good clinical relevance and positive correlation with other diagnostic tools that already exist, therefore can be considered as a diagnostic tool for determining the cause of atopic dermatitis in the future. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Skin prick test, Specific IgE, Human and disease.

Sylvia Anggraeni

Menul Ayu Umborowati

Damayanti .

Anang Endaryanto

Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa

Correlation between Skin Prick Test and Specific IgE of Local Mites Allergen in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: an Indonesian Study

特应性皮炎患者皮肤点刺试验与本地螨虫过敏原特异性IgE的相关性研究：一项印度尼西亚研究

Abstract The Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool (CRAT) is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure caregiver’s experience while caring for elderly people with chronic illnesses in western countries. It is important to quantify the CRAT in traditional Thai society using cross-cultural translation and validate the instrument in measuring Thai informal caregivers who are providing care for elderly people. This study involved the cross-cultural translation process of the scale into Thai and evaluation of its psychometric properties with 354 caregivers of dependent elderly persons in Northern Thailand. Data were collected via paper-pencil surveys between October 2021 and March 2022, also caregivers completed a demographic form. The forward–backward translation, followed by exploratory factor analysis. The content validity index was high (I-CVI range from 0.83-1.00 and S-CVI = 0.90). Three items in the CRAT-Thai version were deleted, the other 21 items appeared to have a similar structure as the original version with five essential subscales: impact on schedule, lack of family support, caregiver’s esteem, impact on finances, and impact on health, explained 62.77% of the variation with all factors loading greater than .40. The internal consistency reliabilities for the items belonging to each subscale were, respectively: 0.85, 0.83, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83. The Thai version of CRAT presents good evidence of reliability and validity based on internal structure. The further testing with Thai informal caregivers in different region should be made before using in all clinical setting. Keywords: Dependent elderly persons, Caregivers, Psychometric testing, Caregiving reaction

Kanjana Thana

Kendra J. Kamp

Rojanee Chintanawat

Psychometric Properties of the Thai version of Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool among Caregivers who Providing Care for Dependent Elderly Persons

泰国版照护者反应评估工具在照护依赖老年人照护者中的心理测量特性

ISSN	1685-1994
h-index	15

Publication Information	Publisher: Chiang Mai University，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2009，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences

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