INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 发表有关天线设计、分析和应用的论文，以及有关电磁波在所有相关频率、通过空间、空气和其他介质的传播的理论和实践研究。以及原创研究, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION 还发表重点评论文章，检查最新技术，确定新兴趋势，并为发展领域提出未来方向。

The International Journal of Antennas and Propagation publishes papers on antenna design, analysis, and applications, as well as theoretical and practical studies on the propagation of electromagnetic waves across all relevant frequencies through space, air, and other media. In addition to original research, the journal also features review articles that examine the latest technologies, identify emerging trends, and propose future directions for the development of the field.

《International Journal of Antennas and Propagation》发表关于天线设计、分析和应用的论文，以及电磁波在各种频率下通过空间、空气和其他介质传播的理论与实践研究。此外，该期刊还刊登重点评论文章，探讨最新技术，识别新兴趋势，并为该领域的发展提供未来方向。

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

This paper proposes a novel power-only measurement method for phased array antenna calibration. Besides the total array power, only one phase shift and two power measurements for each array element are required to determine the element complex electric field distortion, one by shifting the element’s phase of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math> and the other by turning the element under test off. The theory of the proposed calibration method is given, and the closed form formulation of the element amplitude and phase distortions is derived. From the mathematical point of view, it is the minimum required measurements that use two scalar values to determine one complex vector. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method.

Guolong He

Xin Gao

Hui Zhou

Fast Phased Array Calibration by Power-Only Measurements Twice for Each Antenna Element

通过每个天线单元仅功率测量两次实现快速相控阵校准

Parabolic symmetric and offset reflector antennas adaptively illuminated using a novel triple-mode feedhorn (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TE</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>11</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TM</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>01</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mtext>TE</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>21</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>) with different mode combinations and impedance and radiation performances are presented. The combination of the radiating modes in a feedhorn with proper amplitude and fixed phase values helps in electronically pointing the main beam of the radiating patterns such as that obtained in a beam-steering antenna with limited beam-scan range. This type of radiation performance virtually creates a displaced phase center location for the feedhorn, which, consequently, adaptively illuminates the reflector antenna surface. Impedance-matching bandwidths are preserved for both reflector antennas similar to the case of feedhorn alone. The copolarization gain and peak cross-polarization levels are far better with the offset reflector antenna than the symmetric reflector antenna. Such reflector antennas find applications in ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and space based radars. The investigation results are solely computed using FEKO full-wave analysis tool.

Satish K. Sharma

Mukund R. Thyagarajan

Performance Comparison of Symmetric and Offset Reflector Antennas Adaptively Illuminated by Novel Triple Mode Feedhorn

新型三模馈源自适应照射的对称与偏置反射面天线性能比较

The electromagnetic field in homogeneous plasma anisotropic medium can be expressed as the addition of the first and second spherical vector wave functions in plasma anisotropic medium. The tangential electromagnetic fields are continued in the boundary between the homogeneous plasma anisotropic medium and free space, and the tangential electrical field is zero in the surface of conducting sphere. The coefficients of electromagnetic fields in plasma anisotropic medium expanded in terms of spherical vector wave functions in plasma anisotropic medium are derived, and then the coefficients of scattering fields in terms of spherical vector functions in free space can be obtained. Numerical results between this paper and hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FE-BI-MLFMA) are given, and they are in agreement very well. Some new numerical results of a plane wave scattering by an anisotropic plasma-coated conducting sphere are obtained.

You-Lin Geng

Scattering of a Plane Wave by an Anisotropic Plasma-Coated Conducting Sphere

平面波对各向异性等离子体涂覆导电球的散射

Active jammers in the form of digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) could produce false targets with a coherence of range and velocity, making it increasingly efficient in interrupting radar systems based on data correlation analysis. By integrating the temporal variability characteristic and mitigating the impact of measurement errors inherent in the radar system, we propose a novel false target recognition methodology for a two‐station netted radar utilizing extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the Neyman–Pearson criterion. From the aspects of filtering characteristics and active jammer parameters, the simulation shows that the technique could obtain observable different convergence curves for false targets and is sensitive to velocity or range deception under specific parameters. Moreover, the method exhibits a favorable tolerance for measurement error and an exceptional capability to identify false targets from various directions, considering both radar performance parameters and spatial scale. This outcome highlights the significance of setting specific parameters following countermeasure scenarios and requirements, showcasing its practical value in engineering practice.

Yasong Luo

Zhaodong Wu

Chengxu Feng

Shengliang Hu

A Novel Anti‐DRFM Active Jammer Method for Two‐Station Netted Radar Based on Extended Kalman Filtering

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的双站组网雷达新型抗DRFM主动干扰方法

This research work presents the design of a multiband dual‐polarized eight‐element MIMO antenna having dimensions (0.51 λ × 0.66 λ × 0.009 λ ). The antenna is observed to be radiating between 1.7 GHz and 2.4 GHz, 4.1 GHz and 10 GHz and 10.6 GHz and 19.8 GHz, featuring 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth between 9.7 and 10 GHz, 12.1 and 13.1 GHz, 14.4 and 14.5 GHz and 17.9 and 18.9 GHz. In the proposed MIMO antenna, the triangular‐shaped monopole antenna is tapered at its two sides. The isolation between the various elements of the proposed antenna is observed to be in range of −20 dB–−70 dB for the concerned frequency range. On the basis of comparison with similar existing structures, the proposed antenna demonstrates superior performance in terms of total active reflection coefficient (TARC &lt; −5 dB), diversity gain (DG around 10 dB), channel capacity loss (CCL &lt; 0.3 bits/s/Hz), mean effective gain (MEG) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC &lt; 0.024). The proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth (15.8 GHz) and high value of peak gain (6 dB). The proposed geometry is novel as it exhibits both linear as well as circular polarization with multiband response and it provides the least ECC and maximum isolation. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with the simulated results, so the proposed antenna can be useful for WLAN, C‐band, X band and Ku band applications.

Sonali Kumari

Yogendra Kumar Awasthi

Dipali Bansal

Rohit Anand

Praveen Kumar Malik

Rajesh Singh

A Highly Isolated Tapered Triangular Dual‐Polarized Multiband MIMO Antenna for WLAN, C, X and Ku Bands

用于WLAN、C、X和Ku波段的高隔离度锥形三角形双极化多频段MIMO天线

High-power microwave (HPM) antenna, one of the key subsystems in the HPM system, is used for HPM radiation. Its performance is partly determined by the impulse responses of reflector materials under HPM. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impulse response characteristics of reflector materials under HPM. Instead of the traditional waveguide cavity, this study was based on the double elliptical reflector system with an open boundary. By using this system, the impulse response of reflector materials was measured, and the response of reflector materials of multiple types under various environments with different electric field strengths and pulse widths was tested. In terms of breakdown, reflection efficiency, and pulse waveform, aluminum and carbon fiber test plates were affected by HPM and compared. Finally, the impulse response characteristics of carbon fiber test plates were summarized. The proposed method applied in this research is universal, matches the practical application environment, and can be extensively employed in the impulse response research and test of reflector materials.

Xianggang Hu

Jiancang Su

Mingtao Zhang

Jingang Gong

Kewei Cheng

Jia Liu

Jiande Zhang

Xiaoxin Zhu

Rui Li

Jie Cheng

Shaotong Wu

Measurement of High-Power Microwave Impulse Response Characteristics of Reflector Materials

反射材料高功率微波脉冲响应特性测量

This research involved studying the characteristics of composite electromagnetic scattering from a rocket moving above actual terrain using the finite-difference time-domain method. The angular distribution curve of the composite scattering coefficient was obtained, and the influences of factors such as the angle of incidence, the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave, the content of moisture in soil, the dielectric constant of the rocket-shell material, the height of the rocket, and the undulation of the terrain on the composite scattering coefficient were investigated. Results show that the composite scattering coefficient oscillates with the scattering angle and increases in the direction of mirror reflection. It also decreases with increasing angle of incidence, frequency of the incident wave, and altitude of the rocket, while it increases with increasing soil moisture and dielectric constant of the rocket-shell materials. Although the influence of different terrain undulations on the composite scattering coefficient is noticeable, it follows no fixed pattern.

Guanhongye Peng

Xincheng Ren

Lixin Guo

Xiaomin Zhu

Pengju Yang

Ye Zhao

Bohang Zhang

Guoshan Wu

Composite Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of Actual Terrain and Moving Rockets

实际地形与移动火箭的复合电磁散射特性

We investigate three square-shaped antennas to increase the bandwidth of circular polarization. Each antenna has two adjacent corners excited with the same amplitudes and a phase difference of 90° using a branched feedline vertical to the ground plane. We evaluate the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth as a function of the loop-arm width using the moment method. It is found that the axial ratio bandwidth reaches 38% for an arm width of 0.04 wavelengths, wider than that of a wire-loop antenna by a factor of three. The simulated results are verified by experimental ones.

Kazuhide Hirose

Mitsuki Hirose

Hisamatsu Nakano

A Simultaneous Study on Wire-Loop, Plate-Loop, and Plate Antennas for Wideband Circular Polarization

宽带圆极化线环、板环和板天线的同步研究

The extraction algorithm of target characteristics resonance set at the high-frequency band plays a significant role in defense applications like early warning. The paper proposes a new method to extract the characteristic resonance set of radar targets in the resonance frequency region using an autoregressive moving average model optimized by root mean square propagation particle swarm optimization. Considering that the total scattering response in the resonant region consists of early-time and late-time responses, the autoregressive moving average model approximate the total scattering responses to avoid errors caused by intercepting the late-time response. Further, the paper investigated the impact of the swarm optimization algorithm on the accuracy of moving average model parameters when obtaining the resonance set at different target aspects. The extracted characteristic resonance results within a range of azimuth directions through an aircraft target paradigm indicate that the new method is more convenient and precise than the matrix beam prediction method.

Sang Zhou

Huotao Gao

Fangyu Ren

Extracting Pole Characteristics of Complex Radar Targets for the Aircraft in Resonance Region Using RMSPSO_ARMA

利用RMSPSO_ARMA提取共振区复杂雷达目标飞机的极点特性

The present GPS (global positioning system) is widely used in electric vehicle navigation; it is usually installed in the middle-to-rear position on the car’s roof, near the rear windshield. Since the GPS antenna operating frequency is 1.575 GHz, the health risk of the passengers in the car in this high-frequency electromagnetic exposure is a matter of concern. In this paper, we construct models for a GPS antenna, an electric vehicle, and a human body. Through the multiphysics field coupling calculation in COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element simulation software, in both frequency domain and transient analysis, we obtain the electric field strength distribution, specific absorption rate, and temperature distribution of the human body at three positions inside the electric vehicle after being exposed to the GPS antenna radiation for 30 minutes. The peak human-induced electric field is 18.4 V/m, and the peak specific absorption rate is 0.193 W/kg. The 30 minute average maximum human-induced electric field is 1.6906 V/m, which is 3.1% of the ICNIRP limit, the 30 minute average whole-body SAR is 0.0036 W/kg, which is 4.5% of the ICNIRP limit, and the 30 minute average human core temperature rise is 0.06°C, which is 6% of the ICNIRP limit. In addition, we simulate the impact of three different vehicle shell materials on the level of electromagnetic exposure to the human body, which can provide reference for electromagnetic shielding design in automobiles. The results indicate that the induced electric field strength, specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature rise in various parts of the human body did not exceed the standard limits in the latest version of ICNIRP. This suggests that the electromagnetic exposure from the GPS antenna in a typical automotive environment does not pose a threat to human health.

Siyu Shang

Mai Lu

Safety Assessment of Electromagnetic Environmental Exposure for GPS Antenna of Electric Vehicle

电动汽车GPS天线电磁环境暴露安全评估

Abbreviation	Int. J. Antennas. Propag.
Journal Impact	1.29
Quartiles(Global)	TELECOMMUNICATIONS(Q4)

ISSN	1687-5869, 1687-5877
h-index	48

Publication Information	Publisher: Hindawi Limited，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2010，Proportion of original research papers: 98.83%，Self Citation Rate:16.70%， Gold OA Rate: 99.53%
Journal Fees	$2450Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：一般,3-6周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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