国际机电一体化、传感器、监测、控制、诊断和管理杂志旨在为智能结构和系统一般领域的研究人员提供主要的出版渠道。该期刊考虑的典型主题包括：传感器/执行器（材料/设备/信息学/网络）结构健康监测与控制诊断/预后生命周期工程（规划/设计/维护/更新）及相关领域。

Smart Structures and Systems is an international journal that focuses on mechatronics, sensors, monitoring, control, diagnostics, and management. It aims to provide a primary publishing platform for researchers in the field of smart structures and systems. Typical topics covered by the journal include: sensors and actuators (materials, devices, informatics, networks), structural health monitoring and control, diagnostics and prognostics, lifecycle engineering (planning, design, maintenance, updating), and related fields.

《Smart Structures and Systems》是一本国际性的期刊，专注于机电一体化、传感器、监测、控制、诊断和管理等领域，旨在为智能结构和系统的研究人员提供一个主要的出版平台。期刊涵盖的典型主题包括：传感器和执行器（材料、设备、信息学、网络）、结构健康监测与控制、诊断与预后、生命周期工程（规划、设计、维护、更新）及相关领域。

Smart Structures and Systems

The NRCS-CN model is one of the commonly used models for the estimation of discharge peak in a watershed in Saudi Arabia using the DEM outputs and daily rainfall data. The current study aims to classify the sub-basins using rainfall volume, rain off volume and estimate the discharge peak using NRCS-CN method. The drainage map of the studied sub-basin areas was extracted from SRTM Dem 30 m outputs. To estimate the surface runoff and its discharge peak, the drainage area was divided into four tributary basins for Wadi Al-Aqiq using the WMS software outputs from SRTM Dem 30 m. The extracted subbasins were Wadis Rim, Al Yitimah, Al Ishsh and Sha'ib Ruwawah. The results indicate the importance of the integrated use of the digital processing outputs of the DEM in extracting the morphometric variables necessary in calculating the concentrationtime, unit peak discharge and the land resources map in determining the runoff curve. In addition, the weighted curve numbers were ranged between 88.4, 89.9, and 92.1 in Wadi Al Ishsh, wadi Rim, and wadi Al Aqiq watersheds, respectively. It was evident that the attained results can be calibrated by the actual recorded discharge and related to several watersheds.

Ali Aldrees

Abubakr Taha Bakheit

Hamid Assilzadeh

Intelligent estimation of the discharge peak in Al Aqiq drainage basin: A case study in Al Madinah Munwwarah region

Al Aqiq流域洪峰流量的智能估算：麦地那地区案例研究

This paper mainly introduces recently developed technologies pertaining to the design and implementation of Active Mass Damper (AMD) control system on a high-rise building subjected to wind load. Discussions include introduction of real structure and the control system, the establishment of analytical model, the design and optimization of a variety of controllers, the design of time-varying variable gain feedback control strategy for limiting auxiliary mass stroke, and the design and optimization of AMD control devices. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the proposed AMD control systems can resolve the issues pertaining to insufficient floor stiffness of the building. The control system operates well and has a good sensitivity.

J. Teng

H.B. Xing

Y.Q. Xiao

C.Y. Liu

H. Li

J.P. Ou

Design and implementation of AMD system for response control in tall buildings

高层建筑响应控制AMD系统的设计与实现

The principles of productive active and semi-active civil and infrastructure engineering structural control date back 40 years and significant progress has been recorded in those four decades. Smart structures typically have some control systems that enable them to deal with perturbations. The active vibration management techniques have been applied numerically and experimentally in order to reduce the vibrational levels of lightweight economic composite structures. Smart composite beams and plates have been produced and tested with surface-based piezoelectric sensors and actuators. It has been found that an effective model of smart composite plates can predict the dynamic characteristics. Utilizing Genetic Algorithm (GA) was designed and implemented. Two regression model as root mean square (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) were used. The first and second bending modes are operated effectively by a beam, and simultaneous vibration levels are significantly reduced for the conductive plates by the simultaneous operation of the bending and twisting modes. Vibration management is realized by using efficient control. GA could show better performance for managing linear feedback laws under given assumptions.

Yan Cao

Yousef Zandi

Morteza Gholizadeh

Leijie Fu

Jiang Du

Xueming Qian

Zhijie Wang

Angel Roco-Videla

Abdellatif Selmi

Alibek Issakhov

Optimization algorithms for composite beam as smart active control of structures using genetic algorithms

用于结构智能主动控制的复合梁优化算法：遗传算法应用

This study presents a damage detection method based on modal responses for building structures using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The modal responses used in the method are obtained from the dynamic responses, which are measured in a building structure under ambient excitations; these are then transformed to a modal participation ratio (MPR) value for a measuring point and mode. As modal responses vary after damages in the structures, the MPR for a specific location and mode also changes. Thus, in this study, MPR variations, which can be obtained by comparing the MPRs of damaged and healthy structures, are utilized for damage detection without the need for identification of modal parameters. Since MPRs are derived for the number of measuring points (N) in the structure as well as the same number of modes (N), the MPRs and MPR variations can be arranged as an N × N matrix. This low-dimensional MPR variations set is used as the input map of the presented CNN architecture and information about damage locations and severities of the target structure is set as the output of the CNN. The presented CNN is trained for establishing the relationship between MPR variations and damage information and utilized to estimate the damage. The presented damage detection method is applied to numerical examples for two multiple degrees of freedoms and a three-dimensional ASCE benchmark numerical model. Training datasets created from damage scenarios assuming changes in the stiffness are used to train the CNN and the performance of this CNN is verified. Finally, this study examines how variations in the operator size and number of layers in the CNN architecture affect the damage detection performance of CNNs.

Byung Kwan Oh

Branko Glisic

Hyo Seon Park

Convolutional neural network-based damage detection method for building structures

基于卷积神经网络的建筑结构损伤检测方法

An integrated control system with smart structure is proposed for active structural acoustic control (ASAC). It is mainly used to integrate the advantages of centralized and decentralized ASAC. Each smart structure contains a relatively independent controller, which forms a distributed control. The coordination and cooperation between smart structures is mainly realized by sending control factors (secondary generalized modal force) from the upper coordination unit (coordination structure) to each smart structure. The control factor can reflect the weight of each smart structure on vibration noise control, and play a key role in noise control. The control factors are extracted from the blend function in the bottom control units (smart structures) and stored in the coordination structure. This design method ensures the consistency of the internal functions of each smart structure and lays a foundation for decentralized control. In addition, whether the control factor is allocated to the smart structure depends on the real-time changes of the sound field. Through the intelligent allocation of the control factors, the global (centralized) control is realized and the coupling problem between smart structures is solved. Since the control system does not have a centralized controller, it appears as a decentralized control in form; at the same time, the centralized control in algorithm is achieved by extracting and redistributing the control factors. Therefore, the control system integrates the advantages of decentralized and centralized control.

Huaifeng Cui

Rufu Hu

Nan Chen

Active structural acoustic control using an integrated control system with smart structures

基于智能结构的综合控制系统在主动结构声学控制中的应用

In this study, structural health monitoring (SHM) methods of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) were investigated using electrical resistance. The developed sensing technique monitored electrical resistance in accordance with the impact damage of a CFRP. The changes in electrical resistances with multiple electrode sets enabled SHM without extra sensors so that this technique can be called self-sensing. Moreover, this study proposed electrodes only at peripheral side of a structure to minimize the number of electrodes compared to those in an array which has square number of sensors as the sensing area increases. For the intensive investigation, electromechanical sensitivity in terms of electrode distance was analyzed and optimized under drop weight impact testing. Then, SHM methods with electrodes in an array and electrodes in peripheral edges were comparatively investigated. The developed methods successfully localized impact damages into 2D coordinates. Furthermore, damage severity can be shown with a damage map by calculating electrical resistance change ratio. Therefore, structural health self-sensing system using electrical resistance was successfully developed with the minimum number of electrodes.

Young-Bin Park

Hyung Doh Roh

In Yong Lee

Structural health monitoring of CFRPs using electrical resistance by reduced peripheral electrodes

使用减少外围电极的电阻法对CFRP进行结构健康监测

Placing controllers and sensors properly is important in structural health monitoring and control. Many optimization methods require much computation efforts. This paper used Hankel norms to develop the placement rules, because they involve the input and output gains and thus could be shaped by the locations. In modal form, their computations are relatively simple. The location and mode influences on norms were arranged in rows and columns, respectively, to form a matrix, and was normalized by the column (mode) root mean square. The optimization goal is to choose locations with higher index values and lower correlations to ensure higher controllability and observability, and with less effort to be compensated for by gains. Hankel norm is compatible with the LQR control objectives in that they are both 2-norm, so the methodology is appropriate to be applied to the base isolation benchmark building for structural control, which is an eight-story irregular building with ninety-two candidate locations for controllers and thirty-six locations for sensors. Following the method, ten controller locations and eighteen sensor locations were determined. Earthquake time history analysis using LQG technique validated the effectiveness of thus determined subset of locations by comparing with other subset of locations.

Yumei Wang

Shirley J. Dyke

Controller and sensor placement for a 3D irregular building based on Hankel norm

基于Hankel范数的3D不规则建筑控制器与传感器布置

A new hysteresis model based on curve fitting method is presented in this work to portray the greatly nonlinear and hysteretic relationships between shear force and displacement responses of the magnetorheological (MR) elastomer base isolator. Compared with classical hysteresis models such as Bouc-Wen or LuGre friction model, the proposed model combines the hyperbolic sine function and Gaussian function to model the hysteretic loops of the device responses, contributing to a great decline of model parameters. Then, an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is proposed to optimize the model parameters, in which a self-adaptive step is employed rather than the fixed step to balance the global and local optimum search abilities of algorithm. Finally, the experimental results of the device under both harmonic and random excitations are used to verify the performance of the proposed hybrid model and parameter identification algorithm with the satisfactory results.

Yang Yu

Amir M. Yousefi

Kefu Yi

Jianchun Li

Weiqiang Wang

Xinxiu Zhou

A new hybrid model for MR elastomer device and parameter identification based on improved FOA

基于改进果蝇优化算法的新型磁流变弹性体装置及参数辨识混合模型

Pier column, as the most critical load-bearing member of bridge, can bear multiple loads including axial forces,shear forces, bending moments, etc. The varied cross section at the column interface and bearing platform or drilled shaft leads to harmful stress concentration that can potentially compromise the structural integrity. In order to improve the ductility of bridge structure, a pier column is often designed with a variable cross-section region to dissipate energy through plastic deformation. For better understanding the health condition of pier column in its service life, it is of great significance to obtain the damage severity information in the variable cross-section region. This study utilizes an active sensing method enabled by distributed Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-based Smart Aggregate (SA) sensors to monitor the damage initiation and development near the bottom of a pier column. Crack damage in variable cross-section region functions as a stress relief that attenuates propagating stress wave energy between SA pairs. Both the numerical and experimental results show that the reduction ratio of the stress wave energy is consistent with the crack development, thus validating the reliability of the investigated approach. SA-based technology can be used as a potential tool to provide early warning of damage in variable cross-section region of bridge structures.

Jie Tan

Mahadi Masud

Xiaoming Qin

Cheng Yuan

Qingzhao Kong

Y.L. Mo

Damage monitoring of variable cross-section region in a column-drilled shaft assembly using smart aggregates

使用智能聚合物监测柱钻井组件中变截面区域的损伤

A new method is proposed to improve the accuracy of structural instantaneous frequency (IF) extraction. The proposed method combines a new form of improved generalized S-transform (IGST) and a multi-synchrosqueezing operation. The parameters selection of the window function in IGST is derived through the concentration measure (CM) principle. Then, the multi-synchrosqueezing algorithm is employed to improve energy aggregation of time-frequency analysis (TFA). To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed improved multi-synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform (IMSSGST), a frequency-modulated multi-component signal is investigated. For structural IF extraction, a two-story shear frame and a threestory steel frame structure are introduced. Furthermore, the IF identification of a seven-story RC shear wall structure is conducted to verified the practicability in actual engineering. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the energy aggregation of TFA and effectively improve the accuracy of IF identification.

Ping-Ping Yuan

Xue-Li Cheng

Hang-Hang Wang

Jian Zhang

Zhong-Xiang Shen

Wei-Xin Ren

Structural instantaneous frequency extraction based on improved multi-synchrosqueezing generalized S-transform

基于改进多同步压缩广义S变换的结构瞬时频率提取

Abbreviation	Smart. Struct. Syst.
Journal Impact	2.15
Quartiles(Global)	INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION(Q2)

ISSN	1738-1584, 1738-1991
h-index	64

Publication Information	Publisher: Techno-Press，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2005，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:9.50%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均2月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约50%

Smart Structures and Systems

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