CONSERVATION LETTERS 是一本科学期刊，发表对保护生物多样性具有重要意义的实证和理论研究。该杂志欢迎生物和社会科学领域的投稿——尤其是跨学科投稿——推动务实的保护目标和科学理解。手稿将按快速沟通时间表发布，因此应该是最新的和热门的。研究文章应该清楚地阐明他们的发现对保护政策和实践的重要性。

Conservation Letters is a scientific journal dedicated to publishing empirical and theoretical research that is significant for the conservation of biodiversity. The journal welcomes submissions from the fields of biological and social sciences, particularly interdisciplinary studies, to advance practical conservation goals and scientific understanding. Manuscripts will be published on a rapid communication timeline, so they should be current and relevant. Research articles should clearly articulate the importance of their findings for conservation policy and practice.

《Conservation Letters》是一本科学期刊，专注于发表对保护生物多样性具有重要意义的实证和理论研究。该期刊欢迎生物科学和社会科学领域的投稿，尤其鼓励跨学科的研究，以推动务实的保护目标和科学理解。手稿将按照快速沟通的时间表发布，因此应确保内容是最新和热门的。研究文章需清晰阐明其发现对保护政策和实践的重要性。

Conservation Letters

Abstract An understanding of anthropogenic factors influencing wildlife invasions is crucial to development of comprehensive prevention and management strategies. However, little attention has been paid to the role religious practice plays in biological invasions. The tradition of wildlife release is prevalent in many areas around the world where Asian religions are influential and is hypothesized to promote species invasions, although quantitative evidence is lacking. We used an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate the influence of Buddhist wildlife release events on establishment of feral populations of American bullfrogs ( Lithobates catesbeianus ) in Yunnan province, southwestern China, from 2008 to 2009. We identified frequency of release events and lentic water conditions as factors that promote establishment of bullfrog populations, whereas hunting activity likely helps to prevent establishment. Our study provides the first quantitative evidence that religious release is an important pathway for wildlife invasions and has implications for prevention and management on a global scale.

Xuan Liu

Monica E. McGarrity

Yiming Li

The influence of traditional Buddhist wildlife release on biological invasions

Abstract Tropical and subtropical trees provide key ecosystem services but are facing global population decline due to logging, habitat degradation, land conversion, and climate change. Vatica guangxiensis used to be a characteristic timber species of China's tropical forests but is now terminally endangered (280 individuals) and fragmented into three relictual populations in southwest China. Generating genome‐wide DNA for ∼82% of all living tree individuals of this species complex, we found evidence for a late Pliocene division into two species‐level lineages that have not had gene flow for approximately 3 million years. All three relictual populations exhibited a loss of genetic diversity and recent bottlenecks. In addition, forward simulations indicated a likely population collapse in all three populations within the next century. Our study generates a model framework for the integration of genomic evidence—including evolutionary history, current genetic variation, and future projections—into conservation planning.

Wenji Luo

Qian Tang

Balaji Chattopadhyay

Kritika M. Garg

Frank E. Rheindt

Alison K. S. Wee

The last stand: Demographic and population genomic analysis reveals terminal endangerment in tropical timber species <i>Vatica guangxiensis</i>

最后的抵抗：人口统计学和群体基因组分析揭示热带木材物种<i>青梅</i>的濒危末期

Abstract Spatial conservation prioritization is used globally to guide decision making with the aim of delivering the best conservation gain per unit investment. However, despite many publications on the topic, the extent to which this approach is used by decision makers has been unclear. To investigate the degree to which prioritization has been adopted by practitioners to guide conservation implementation, we conducted an online survey, collecting data on the approaches used to develop prioritizations and the reported extent of translation to on‐the‐ground action. Using a cluster analysis, we identified two categories of prioritizations, those developed to advance the field (42% of responses) and those intended for implementation (58% of responses). Respondents reported 74% of the prioritizations intended for implementation had translated to on‐the‐ground action. Additionally, we identified strong collaboration between academics and practitioners in prioritization development, suggesting a bridging of the theory‐practice gap. We recommend continued collaboration and research into the effectiveness of prioritizations in delivering conservation impacts.

Samuel P. Sinclair

E.J. Milner‐Gulland

Robert J. Smith

Emma J. McIntosh

Hugh P. Possingham

Ans Vercammen

Andrew T. Knight

The use, and usefulness, of spatial conservation prioritizations

空间保护优先级的使用及其效用

Abstract Conservation planning is often informed by quantitative targets: these are minimum amounts of the distribution of a species, vegetation type, or other biodiversity feature intended for protection. Targets are set for the global reserve system, and are also used at national and local levels to plan for both on‐ and off‐reserve conservation. Understandably, the conservation community holds a range of opinions about target‐based approaches to conservation planning. One school of thought is that the approach is inadequate, inflexible, and even counterproductive in many socioecological systems. We investigate the perceived limitations of target‐based conservation planning, and find that most have resulted from poor communication and misuse of targets, leading to misconceptions and misunderstandings. Here we put target‐based conservation planning in context by: (1) summarizing reported limitations of the approach and differentiating between those that are real and those that are misconceived; (2) identifying ways that some of the real limitations have, and can, be overcome, and (3) comparing target‐based conservation planning to alternative conservation prioritization approaches. We hope to stimulate further discussion that will guide and improve target‐based conservation planning.

Josie Carwardine

Carissa J. Klein

Kerrie A. Wilson

Robert L. Pressey

Hitting the target and missing the point: target‐based conservation planning in context

击中目标却偏离要点：基于目标的保育规划在背景下的探讨

Conservation LettersVolume 10, Issue 2 p. 265-266 CORRESPONDENCEOpen Access Blurring Alien Introduction Pathways Risks Losing the Focus on Invasive Species Policy Philip E. Hulme, Corresponding Author Philip E. Hulme philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nz The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Canterbury, New ZealandCorrespondencePhilip Hulme, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand. Tel: +64 (3) 423 0902; fax: +64 (3) 325 3866.E-mail: philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nzSearch for more papers by this authorSven Bacher, Sven Bacher Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorMarc Kenis, Marc Kenis CABI, Delémont, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorIngolf Kühn, Ingolf Kühn Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Halle, Germany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJan Pergl, Jan Pergl Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorPetr Pyšek, Petr Pyšek Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorAlain Roques, Alain Roques INRA UR 0633 Zoologie Forestière, 2163 Av. Pomme de pin, F-45075 Orléans, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorMontserrat Vilà, Montserrat Vilà Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, SpainSearch for more papers by this author Philip E. Hulme, Corresponding Author Philip E. Hulme philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nz The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Canterbury, New ZealandCorrespondencePhilip Hulme, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand. Tel: +64 (3) 423 0902; fax: +64 (3) 325 3866.E-mail: philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nzSearch for more papers by this authorSven Bacher, Sven Bacher Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorMarc Kenis, Marc Kenis CABI, Delémont, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorIngolf Kühn, Ingolf Kühn Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Halle, Germany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJan Pergl, Jan Pergl Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorPetr Pyšek, Petr Pyšek Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorAlain Roques, Alain Roques INRA UR 0633 Zoologie Forestière, 2163 Av. Pomme de pin, F-45075 Orléans, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorMontserrat Vilà, Montserrat Vilà Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD-CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, SpainSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12262Citations: 15AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat The pathways by which alien species are introduced to new regions fall into six broad classes: deliberate release; escape from captivity; contaminant of a commodity; stowaway on a transport vector; via an infrastructure corridor (without which spread would not be possible) or unaided from other invaded regions (Hulme et al. 2008). However, Gilroy et al. (2016) argue that species dispersing naturally, through the infrastructure corridor or unaided pathway, should be classed as native rather than alien. We contend their proposal is not only unworkable but also unwise. The key issue is not how we classify species after they become introduced but the way policies are implemented to prevent biological invasions. Overwhelming evidence confirms infrastructure corridors (as distinct from landscape corridors) as major routes for alien species introductions. In Europe, over 40% of alien marine species have been introduced via canals with subsequent impacts on maritime economies and biodiversity (Katsanevakis et al. 2013). Similarly, many alien species spread unaided from one country to another with often serious conservation consequences such as the alien ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) hybridising with the endangered native white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala) in Spain. Gilroy et al. (2016) suggest that, by classifying species that arrive through these pathways as native, policymakers could simply target the subset of new introductions that become pests. But classifying species status by introduction pathway is ambiguous and unworkable since many alien species are introduced through several pathways (e.g., stowaway and corridor) thus preventing an absolute classification of a species as native. Furthermore, the difficulty in predicting which alien species might become a pest means this is often only known after their introduction (Ojaveer et al. 2015). A "pest" rather than "alien" based policy would limit opportunities for preventative action and result in costly pest management instead. In contrast, classifying such species as alien might require anyone undertaking major infrastructure developments to prove beyond a justifiable level of doubt that their actions will not result in biological invasions. Likewise, any decision not to manage established alien species in a territory, such as North American grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) spreading from Italy, will need to ensure such inaction would not result in harm beyond political borders. The transboundary nature of invasive species risk assessment has received scant attention but by ensuring alien species spreading unaided continue to be treated as alien would permit the development of a polluter pays principle to manage invasions (Hulme 2015). These policies also enshrine the precautionary principle and the potential for them to change the way we manage biological invasions is substantial. While existing national legislation may be contradictory (Gilroy et al. 2016), increased regulatory harmonisation is likely to result from the Convention on Biological Diversity adopting the Hulme et al. (2008) framework as the international standard for classifying introduction pathways (CBD 2014). Thus classifying species that disperse naturally through the infrastructure corridor or the unaided pathway as alien not only aligns with recent international policy developments but also facilitates the implementation of cost-effective preventative measures rather than costly pest management. References CBD (2014) Pathways of Introduction of Invasive Species, their Prioritization and Management. UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/18/9/Add.1. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montréal. Gilroy J.J., Avery, J.D. & Lockwood, J.L. (2016). Seeking international agreement on what it means to be 'native'. Conserv. Lett., doi: 10.1111/conl.12246. Hulme PE (2015) Invasion pathways at a crossroad: policy and research challenges for managing alien species introductions. J. Appl. Ecol., 52, 1418- 1424. Hulme, P.E., Bacher, S., Kenis, M. et al. (2008). Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: a framework for integrating pathways into policy. J. Appl. Ecol., 45, 403- 414. Katsanevakis, S., Zenetos, A., Belchior C. et al. (2013). Invading European seas: assessing pathways of introduction of marine aliens. Ocean Coast Manage, 76, 64- 74. Ojaveer, H., Galil B.S., Campbell M.L. et al. (2015). Classification of non-indigenous species based on their impacts: considerations for application in marine management. PLOS Biology, 13, e1002130. Citing Literature Volume10, Issue2March/April 2017Pages 265-266 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Philip E. Hulme

Sven Bacher

Marc Kenis

Ingolf Kühn

Jan Pergl

Petr Pyšek

Alain Roques

Montserrat Vilà

Blurring Alien Introduction Pathways Risks Losing the Focus on Invasive Species Policy

模糊外来物种引入途径风险：失去入侵物种政策焦点

ABSTRACT Much received wisdom in the conservation literature is that individual connections across community boundaries undercut natural resource management. However, when multiple communities access the same resource, these long‐distance relationships could generate interdependence and trust to motivate engagement in collective action to manage the resource. To test this, we interviewed 1317 people in 28 fishing villages in Tanzania about their participation in managing open‐access fisheries and their social relationships in each village accessing the fishery. People with more friends in other villages trusted more people in those villages and were more likely to participate in collective action to manage the shared fishery, such as reporting others for destructive fishing practices. These results show that long‐distance relationships may be a useful foundation upon which to build conservation efforts that cross community boundaries and bolster sustainable resource use.

Kristopher M. Smith

Anne C. Pisor

Bertha Aron

Kasambo Bernard

Paschal Fimbo

Haji Machano

Rose Kimesera

Jason Rubens

Lorna Slade

Jumanne Sobo

Ali Thani

Monique Borgerhoff Mulder

Long‐distance Friends and Collective Action in Fisheries Management

渔业管理中的远距离朋友与集体行动

ABSTRACT Many alien species are safe in their native ranges, but some are threatened. This creates a conundrum for conservation and invasion science. We analyzed the distributions, introduction pathways, threats, and conservation strategies of threatened mammals with alien populations globally. We reassessed their hypothetical IUCN Red List category including the alien part of the range. Among 230 alien mammals, 36 are threatened in their native range, either critically endangered (17%), endangered (25%), or vulnerable (58%). These species were mainly introduced for hunting and exchanged within Asia, with introduced ranges concentrated in south‐eastern Asia and eastern Australia. They face multiple threats, particularly from biological resource use. Conservation strategies are mainly related to species management. Including alien populations in the assessments reduces extinction risk of 22% of the species. Although some of these alien populations may have conservation value, conservation managers should carefully consider them on a case‐by‐case basis to avoid negative impacts on biodiversity.

Lisa Tedeschi

Bernd Lenzner

Anna Schertler

Dino Biancolini

Franz Essl

Carlo Rondinini

Threatened Mammals With Alien Populations: Distribution, Causes, and Conservation

受威胁哺乳动物与外来种群：分布、成因及保护

ABSTRACT Oyster reefs are often referred to as the temperate functional equivalent of coral reefs. Yet evidence for this analogy was lacking for the European native species Ostrea edulis . Historical data provide a unique opportunity to develop a robust definition for this ecosystem type, confirm that O. edulis are large‐scale biogenic reef builders, and assess its current conservation status. Today, O. edulis occur as scattered individuals or, rarely, as dense clumps over a few m 2 . Yet historically, O. edulis reef ecosystems persisted at large scales (several km 2 ), with individual reefs within the ecosystems present at the scale of several hectares. Using the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Framework, we conclude the European native oyster reef ecosystem type is collapsed under three of five criteria (A: reduction in geographic distribution, B: restricted geographic range, and D: disruption of biotic processes and interactions). Criterion C (environmental degradation) was data deficient, and Criterion E (quantitative risk analysis) was not completed as the ecosystem was already deemed collapsed. Our assessment has important implications for conservation policy and action, highlighting that the habitat definitions on which conservation policies are currently based reflect a highly shifted baseline, and that the scale of current restoration efforts falls far short of what is necessary for ecosystem recovery.

Philine S. E. zu Ermgassen

Hannah McCormick

Alison Debney

José M. Fariñas‐Franco

Celine Gamble

Chris Gillies

Boze Hancock

Ane T. Laugen

Stéphane Pouvreau

Joanne Preston

William G. Sanderson

Åsa Strand

Ruth H. Thurstan

European Native Oyster Reef Ecosystems Are Universally Collapsed

欧洲本土牡蛎礁生态系统普遍崩溃

ABSTRACT Tropical seagrass ecosystems are globally imperiled due to overfishing and anthropogenic disturbances. Sustaining the services they provide will require managing resilience, particularly with increased volatility from climate change. Portfolio theory is touted as a mechanism to increase resilience in ecosystems because it takes advantage of temporal volatility in local production dynamics to increase stability at larger spatial scales. Using an individual‐based model of a network of artificial reefs across multiple seagrass ecosystems that is parameterized with 15 years of field data, we demonstrate that (1) the large fish populations and the low enrichment synergistically increase portfolio effects; (2) the mechanism was via reduced local and increased meta‐ecosystem stability in primary production; and (3) stability was greatest under intermediate production because nutrient enrichment reduces and fish, which have less influence on the amount of production, promote stability. Integrating common‐sense management with portfolio theory can stabilize the services provided by seagrass ecosystems.

Maximilian H. K. Hesselbarth

Jacob E. Allgeier

High Fish Biomass and Low Nutrient Enrichment Synergistically Enhance Stability in a Seagrass Meta‐Ecosystem

高鱼类生物量和低营养富集协同增强海草超级生态系统的稳定性

ABSTRACT The harvest and sale of wildlife can drive species to extinction when consumers are willing to pay high prices for the last harvested individuals of a very rare species, a phenomenon known as the anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE). Because demand for rarity is an inherent human desire, the AAE has the potential to affect a wide range of exploited species across several geographic regions. Here, we assess the current extent of empirical evidence for the AAE, how such evidence has been measured, and how this evidence interfaces with existing models of the AAE. We find substantial gaps in the empirical evidence base for the AAE and suggest that this deficit prevents assessment of the AAE in species extinctions. We provide a framework for generating empirical evidence that can identify when the AAE is likely occurring or has the potential to occur in the future, and recommend directions for both empirical and theoretical modeling research designed to strengthen our ability to forecast the ecological and market conditions that result in an AAE.

Abbreviation	CONSERVATION LETTERS
Journal Impact	7.78
Quartiles(Global)	BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION(Q1)

ISSN	1755-263X
h-index	105

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2010，Proportion of original research papers: 87.93%，Self Citation Rate:2.60%， Gold OA Rate: 82.17%
Journal Fees	$3230Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿

Conservation Letters

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