ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA 代表 ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA FOUNDATION 出版，是以下学会的官方科学出版物：丹麦眼科学会、芬兰眼科学会、冰岛眼科学会、挪威眼科学会和瑞典眼科学会，以及欧洲视觉和眼科研究协会 (EVER)。ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA 发表临床和实验性原创文章、评论、社论、教育图片文章（眼科诊断和治疗）、病例报告和病例系列、致编辑的信函和博士论文。

Acta Ophthalmologica is the official scientific publication of the Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation, representing the Danish Ophthalmological Society, the Finnish Ophthalmological Society, the Icelandic Ophthalmological Society, the Norwegian Ophthalmological Society, and the Swedish Ophthalmological Society, as well as the European Vision and Eye Research Association (EVER). The journal publishes clinical and experimental original articles, reviews, editorials, educational pictorial articles (related to ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment), case reports and case series, letters to the editor, and doctoral theses.

《Acta Ophthalmologica》是由《Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation》出版的官方科学期刊，代表了丹麦眼科学会、芬兰眼科学会、冰岛眼科学会、挪威眼科学会和瑞典眼科学会，以及欧洲视觉与眼科研究协会（EVER）。该期刊发表临床和实验性的原创研究文章、评论、社论、教育性图文文章（涉及眼科诊断和治疗）、病例报告和病例系列，以及致编辑的信函和博士论文。

Acta Ophthalmologica

To manage patient dissatisfaction following multifocal intraocular lens (MF-IOL) implantation by IOL exchange with either a monofocal or an alternative MF-IOL, and to compare outcomes in these two groups.

Olena Al‐Shymali

Mario Cantó‐Cerdán

Jorge L. Alió del Barrio

Colm McAlinden

Pilar Yebana

Jorge L. Alio

Managing dissatisfaction after multifocal intraocular lens implantation through lens exchange using monofocal or alternative multifocal <scp>IOLs</scp>

通过使用单焦点或替代多焦点<scp>IOLs</scp>进行镜片交换来管理多焦点人工晶状体植入后的不满情绪

Abstract. Purpose: To investigate corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in type II diabetic and non‐diabetic patients and to relate potential differences to the glycaemic status. Methods: A prospective clinical study including 107 patients with type II diabetes and 128 non‐diabetic patients. Sample size was based on a power calculation (power = 0.90; p = 0.05). The diabetic patients had on average more than four HbA1c tests performed (mean 4.1; range 2–14) with intervals of at least 3 months as a reflection of the long‐term glycaemic status. The controls had no diabetes confirmed by two causal blood tests. The endothelial cell density, the variation in endothelial cell size (CV), the percentage of hexagonal cells, and the central corneal thickness (CCT) were recorded. Results: Type II diabetic subjects did not differ from the non‐diabetic control subjects with regards to endothelial cell density, hexagonality or variation in CV, but showed a significant increase in CCT (538 versus 546 μm, p &lt; 0.05). In the diabetic group, lower cell counts were associated with higher HbA1 c values (p &lt; 0.05). The HbA1c did not, however, have any impact on the CCT. Conclusion: Type II diabetes has no impact on corneal cell density or morphology in subjects with good glycaemic status. However, higher HbA1c was associated with lower endothelial cell density. CCT was significantly increased in the diabetic group .

Allan Storr‐Paulsen

Amardeep Singh

Helene Jeppesen

Jens C. Norregaard

Jesper Thulesen

Corneal endothelial morphology and central thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Abstract An ageing population and increased screen use in younger people have contributed to a rise in incidence of dry eye disease (DED). Quality of life can be significantly affected by DED, with patients experiencing eye dryness, burning, pain and sensitivity to light. If left untreated, DED may progress to cause lasting damage to the delicate cell layers of the ocular surface. The aqueous‐deficient form of DED is characterized by decreased tear volume. This can occur through underlying disease or damage to the lacrimal gland (LG), which results in increased inflammation at the ocular surface and decreased tear secretion. Regenerative therapy for treatment of aqueous‐deficient DED would ideally restore LG function without causing adverse side effects and be feasible in terms of cost, production and practical application in the clinic. In this review, we evaluate research directed at the development of clinical procedures for regeneration of the LG using various stem cell types and their products. We also discuss work identifying potential therapeutic targets that may alter pathways to effect healing and ameliorate development of DED. Finally, we discuss shortcomings and recommend future avenues for research. These include determination of the best tissue of origin for mesenchymal cells and transference of knowledge gleaned from animal studies to clinical investigations.

Catherine J. Jackson

Maria Naqvi

Kjell Gunnar Gundersen

Tor Paaske Utheim

Role of stem cells in regenerative treatment of dry eye disease caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction

Dry eye disease (DED) is characterized by ocular dryness, irritation and blurred vision and has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. This condition can be particularly severe in patients with aqueous deficient dry eye disease (ADDE) due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease that affects the lacrimal and salivary glands. Current treatments for ADDE are often limited to symptomatic relief. A literature review was conducted to explore the current surgical interventions used or tested in humans with ADDE (I). These interventions include procedures involving the eyelids and tear ducts, transplantation of amniotic membrane or salivary glands, injections around the tear ducts and cell-based injections into the lacrimal gland (LG). Each treatment has its advantages and disadvantages; however, treating dry eyes in patients with SS presents a particular challenge due to the systemic nature of the disease. Moreover, there is a need for new therapeutic options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of stem cell that have shown promise in regenerating damaged tissue and reducing inflammation in various diseases. Previous studies in animal models have suggested that MSCs could be effective in treating ADDE. Thus, this thesis aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of injecting MSCs into the LG as a treatment option for patients with ADDE secondary to SS. The study also aims to see this treatment in light of existing and novel investigational treatment options. The clinical studies conducted for this thesis are the first of their kind in humans. MSCs derived from healthy donors' adipose tissue (ASCs) were cultured in a laboratory, frozen and thawed ready for use. In the safety study, we performed the first human trial involving the administration of a single injection of ASCs into the LG of one eye in seven patients suffering from severe ADDE (II). The primary objective was to test the safety of this treatment, while the secondary objective was to assess improvements in subjective and objective signs of dry eye. The results of the trial showed no serious side effects within 4 months of follow-up after treatment. On average, there was a 40% reduction in dry eye symptoms assessed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Additionally, in the treated eye, there was a significant decrease in tear osmolarity, an increase in tear film stability and an increase in tear production. To further investigate the efficacy of this treatment, our research group performed a clinical, randomized study aiming to compare the ASC injection into the LG with the injection of a vehicle (the excipient in which the ASCs are dissolved) and observation (no intervention) (III). The study involved 20 subjects receiving ASC injection, 20 subjects receiving vehicle injection and 14 patients being observed without intervention. The subjects were examined to assess the outcomes with a 12-month follow-up after treatment. Both intervention groups showed a significant reduction in subjective dry eye symptoms of approximately 40%. This improvement was evident at the 1-week follow-up and persisted until the 12-month follow-up. The observation group did not experience any change in OSDI score. The ASCs group exhibited a significant mean increase in non-invasive tear break-up time (NIKBUT) of 6.48 s (149%) at the four-week follow-up, which was significantly higher than that in the vehicle group (p = 0.04). Moreover, the ASCs group showed a significant increase in NIKBUT compared to that in the observation group at the 12-month follow-up (p = 0.004). In both the ASCs and vehicle group, a significant increase in Schirmer test scores at the 4-month follow-up and the 12-month follow-up was observed. In conclusion, this thesis contributes valuable findings with a new treatment option for patients with dry eye disease. Injection of ASCs into the LG was shown to be safe and to improve subjective dry eye symptoms and specifically the tear film stability in patients with ADDE due to SS. Compared to other treatment modalities of ADDE, this treatment has greater potential, as ASCs could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic option for managing DED of other causes as well. RESUMÉ (DANISH SUMMARY): Tørre øjne, karakteriseret ved tørhedsfornemmelse og irritation af øjnene samt sløret syn, har en betydelig indvirkning på patientens livskvalitet. Denne tilstand kan vaere saerligt alvorlig hos patienter med nedsat tåreproduktion (ADDE) som følge af Sjögrens syndrom (SS), en autoimmun sygdom, der påvirker tårekirtlerne og spytkirtlerne. Nuvaerende behandlinger for ADDE er ofte begraenset til symptomlindring. Vi gennemførte en litteraturgennemgang for at undersøge, hvilke nuvaerende kirurgiske behandlingsmetoder, der anvendes eller testes hos patienter med ADDE (I). Disse interventioner inkluderer procedurer, der involverer øjenlåg og tårekanaler, transplantation af amnionhinde eller spytkirtler, injektioner omkring tårekanalerne samt cellebaserede injektioner i tårekirtlen. Hver behandling har sine fordele og ulemper, men behandling af tørre øjne hos patienter med SS udgør en saerlig udfordring på grund af sygdommens systemiske udbredning, og der er behov for nye behandlingsmuligheder. Mesenkymale stamceller (MSCs) er en type stamcelle, der har vist lovende resultater med hensyn til at regenerere beskadiget vaev og reducere inflammation i forskellige sygdomme. Tidligere undersøgelser i dyremodeller har indikeret, at MSCs kan vaere en effektiv behandling af ADDE. Denne afhandling har til formål at undersøge sikkerheden og effekten af injektion af MSCs i tårekirtlen som en mulig behandling til patienter med ADDE som følge af SS. Afhandlingen sigter også mod at sammenligne denne behandling med andre eksisterende, kirurgiske behandlingsmuligheder af ADDE. Som led i dette projekt udførte vi de første kliniske forsøg af sin art i mennesker. MSCs fra raske donorers fedtvaev (ASCs) blev dyrket i et laboratorium, frosset ned og er optøet klar til brug. Det første mål var at teste sikkerheden ved denne behandling og sekundaert at undersøge behandlingens effekt. For at undersøge dette modtog syv forsøgspersoner med svaer ADDE én injektion med ASCs i tårekirtlen på det ene øje (II). Resultaterne af forsøget viste ingen alvorlige bivirkninger inden for fire måneders opfølgning efter behandlingen. I gennemsnit fandt vi yderligere en 40% reduktion i symptomer på tørre øjne vurderet med et spørgeskema, og en markant stigning i tåreproduktionen og af tårefilmens stabilitet i det behandlede øje. For yderligere at undersøge effekten af denne behandling udførte vi et klinisk, randomiseret forsøg med det formål at sammenligne injektion af ASCs i tårekirtlen med injektion af en kontrolopløsning (vaesken, hvor stamcellerne var opløst) og observation (ingen intervention) (III). Studiet omfattede 20 forsøgspersoner, der modtog ASC-injektion, 20 forsøgspersoner, der modtog injektion af kontrolopløsningen, og 14 forsøgspersoner i observationsgruppen. Forsøgspersonerne blev undersøgt med en opfølgningstid på 12 måneder efter behandling. Begge interventionsgrupper viste en betydelig reduktion på ca. 40% i subjektive symptomer på tørre øjne. Denne forbedring var betydelig allerede ved opfølgning efter en uge og varede ved 12 måneder efter behandling. Observationsgruppen oplevede ingen betydelig aendring i symptomer. ASCs gruppen viste desuden en signifikant stigning i tårefilmsstabiliteten (NIKBUT) på 6,48 sekunder (149%) ved opfølgning efter fire uger, hvilket var markant højere end efter injektion af kontrolopløsning (p = 0,04). Desuden viste ASCs gruppen en betydelig stigning i NIKBUT sammenlignet med observationsgruppen ved opfølgning efter 12 måneder (p = 0,004). Både injektion af ASCs og kontrolopløsning medførte en betydelig stigning i tåreproduktionen ved opfølgning fire måneder og 12 måneder efter behandling. Denne afhandling bidrager med vigtige resultater inden for en ny behandlingsmulighed af tørre øjne. Injektion af ASCs i tårekirtlen viste sig at vaere sikker, forbedrede subjektive symptomer på tørre øjne og øgede saerligt tårfilmens stabilitet hos patienter med ADDE på grund af SS. Sammenlignet med andre behandlingsmuligheder for ADDE har denne behandling vist et stort potentiale. ASCs kan muligvis også bruges som en anti-inflammatorisk behandling af tørre øjne af andre årsager i fremtiden.

Michael Møller‐Hansen

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in aqueous deficient dry eye disease

水液缺乏型干眼病中的间充质干细胞疗法

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the adenosine receptor antagonist 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) on form deprivation myopia in 3-week-old guinea pigs.Two groups of 3-week-old guinea pigs were subjected to monocular deprivation (MD) using a diffuser and fed either 7-MX (300 mg/kg body weight; n = 7) or vehicle control (saline at an equal volume to 7-MX; n = 7). A control group (n = 6) was not subjected to form deprivation. Ocular refraction, axial length and body weight were measured at the start and after 21 days. The thickness of the posterior sclera was measured by light microscopy and the collagen fibril diameter in the inner, middle and outer layers of the sclera was measured by electron microscopy.In the vehicle control group, 21 days of MD produced significant amounts of myopia, axial elongation, thinning of the posterior sclera and thinning of the median collagen fibril diameter in the posterior sclera relative to the contralateral eyes. In the guinea pigs fed with 7-MX, however, form deprivation produced significantly less myopia and axial elongation compared with vehicle control animals. The 7-MX-treated animals exhibited a thickening of the posterior sclera in both the MD eye and the contralateral eye. In the 7-MX-treated animals, the median collagen fibril diameter in the posterior sclera was not reduced by form deprivation.Treatment with 7-MX appears to not only decrease the amount of myopia by around 50% and eliminate the eye elongation induced by form deprivation in guinea pigs, but also to prevent form deprivation myopia-related scleral changes, such as thinning of the sclera and thinning of the collagen fibril diameter in the posterior sclera.

Dongmei Cui

Klaus Trier

Junwen Zeng

Kaili Wu

Minbin Yu

Jianmin Hu

Xiang Chen

Jian Ge

Effects of 7‐methylxanthine on the sclera in form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs

7-甲基黄嘌呤对豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视巩膜的影响

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the long‐term effects of implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c on the biomechanical and morphological properties of crystalline lenses in Chinese adults with high myopia using Brillouin microscopy (BM). Methods In this case–control study, 102 highly myopic eyes from 102 patients (18–48 years, preoperative spherical equivalent (SE): −6.00–−21.00 D) were categorised into ICL and control groups, matched by age, axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT) and preoperative SE. The biomechanical and morphological properties of the lenses were measured by BM. Ocular and anterior segment parameters, including AL, anterior chamber depth, volume, angle and LT, were assessed using Pentacam and IOL Master 700. Results No significant differences were observed in Brillouin morphological parameters between the ICL and control groups, including the width of top plateau (WTP), width of bottom plateau (WBP), bottom‐top (B‐T), slope of anterior cortex (SAC), and slope of posterior cortex (SPC) (all p &gt; 0.05). A slight decrease in biomechanical metrics (height of plateau, Height) was observed in the ICL group, compared with the control group ( p = 0.012). Linear regression analysis revealed age‐related changes in morphological metrics among all participants, including WTP ( p = 0.0001), WBP ( p = 0.0001), and SPC ( p &lt; 0.0001), while B‐T and SAC were age‐independent (both p &gt; 0.05). No age‐related changes in Height were observed ( p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions ICL V4c did not significantly alter lens morphology as assessed using BM. A slight decrease in lenticular biomechanics was observed after ICL implantation.

Yong Ma

Jian Cao

Yanze Yu

Teruko Fukuyama

Yongle Bao

Zhe Zhang

Lingling Niu

Xiaoying Wang

Xingtao Zhou

Jing Zhao

Brillouin assessment of the crystalline lens in patients with high myopia after long‐term implantable collamer lens V4c implantation

长期植入可植入式Collamer镜片V4c后高度近视患者晶状体的布里渊评估

To report national practices and recent progress in competency-based medical education (CBME) implementation in ophthalmology across European countries.

Lea Dormegny

Helena Prior Filipe

Ludovic Christophe Dormegny‐Jeanjean

Marcin Stopa

Wagih Aclimandos

Rimvydas Asoklis

Huban Atilla

Catherine Creuzot‐Garcher

Denise Curtin

Barbara Cvenkel

Lisa Flanagan

Renata Ivekovic

Tero T. Kivelä

Rafael Martinez Costa

Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill

Siegfried Priglinger

Brendan Strong

Joerg Sturmer

Marie José Tassignon

Anna Maino

Tristan Bourcier

Is it the right time to promote competency‐based European Training Requirements in Ophthalmology? <i>A European Board of Ophthalmology survey</i>

现在是推广基于能力的欧洲眼科培训要求的合适时机吗？<i>一项欧洲眼科委员会的调查</i>

Abstract Purpose Here we examine the association of anti‐inflammatory therapy with anatomical and functional outcomes of epiretinal membrane surgery. Methods The study included consecutive patients having gone through epiretinal membrane surgery at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between 2017 and 2021. The association of perioperative intravitreal and postoperative topical anti‐inflammatory therapies with surgical outcomes was assessed. Results In total, 214 eyes of 214 patients with a mean age of 71.2 ± 8.2 years were studied. At 1‐month, perioperative intravitreal use of triamcinolone acetonide ( n = 27) was associated with a significant proportional and absolute improvement in foveal thickness (−15.9 ± 18.4% vs. −4.2 ± 25.6%, p = 0.003 and −86.2 ± 109.6 μm vs. −33.7 ± 94.3 μm, p = 0.004), and central subfield macular thickness (−14.7 ± 16.5% vs. −6.3 ± 16.9%, p = 0.009 and −80.6 ± 102.8 μm vs. −36.1 ± 75.9 μm, p = 0.004) when compared to those without triamcinolone acetonide. Furthermore, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gain showed a non‐significant yet corresponding trend favouring intraoperative intravitreal use of triamcinolone acetonide (0.21 ± 0.27 vs. 0.09 ± 0.28 LogMAR units, p = 0.062). Postoperative use of topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ( n = 36) as adjunct therapy showed no significant advantage in anatomical outcomes or BCVA gain when compared to those without NSAIDs (all p &gt; 0.05). Triamcinolone acetonide remained significant for proportional and absolute improvement in foveal thickness ( p = 0.019 and p = 0.006) and in central subfield macular thickness ( p = 0.013 and p = 0.006) when controlled for confounding factors patient age and gender and topical NSAID use. Conclusions Intraoperative intravitreal use of triamcinolone acetonide improved short‐term anatomical outcomes in patients who underwent epiretinal membrane surgery.

Pinja Sutinen

Idan Hecht

Minna Karesvuo

Sohee Jeon

Petteri Karesvuo

Raimo Tuuminen

Association of intravitreal and topical anti‐inflammatory therapies on short‐term anatomical and functional outcomes following epiretinal membrane surgery

玻璃体内和局部抗炎治疗对视网膜前膜手术后短期解剖和功能结果的影响

To evaluate the effects of customized corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in keratoconus (KC): vertical coma (VC), horizontal coma (HC), spherical aberration (SA), trefoil (TF) and astigmatism, compared with the same effects in healthy eyes undergoing CXL for low-grade myopia.

Jad Hayek

Andreas Viberg

Sofie Elving

Anneli Fredriksson

Anders Behndig

Effects of customized corneal cross‐linking on higher‐order aberrations in progressive keratoconus and low‐grade myopia

定制化角膜交联术对进展性圆锥角膜和低度近视高阶像差的影响

To assess the impact of the ratio between photoreceptor (PR) loss and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss on the progression of geographic atrophy (GA) and to explore correlations between abnormal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns and the PR-RPE loss ratio.

Daniel Egger

Barbara Doll

Corinne Gonzalez

Philipp Ahmadzai

Katharina A. Heger

Barbara Kreid

Alessio Montuoro

Jasmin Link

Taffeta Chingning Yamaguchi

Marieh Esmaeelpour

Sebastian M. Waldstein

Photoreceptor‐<scp>RPE</scp> loss ratio and fundus autofluorescence patterns as predictive factors for lesion progression in geographic atrophy

光感受器-视网膜色素上皮（RPE）损失比例与眼底自发荧光模式作为地图样萎缩病变进展的预测因素

Abbreviation	Acta Ophthalmol
Journal Impact	2.98
Quartiles(Global)	OPHTHALMOLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	1755-375X, 1755-3768
h-index	106

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2008，Proportion of original research papers: 88.70%，Self Citation Rate:6.70%， Gold OA Rate: 42.33%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均6月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约75%

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Managing dissatisfaction after multifocal intraocular lens implantation through lens exchange using monofocal or alternative multifocal IOLs