Asian Journal of Agricultural Research

Background and Objective: The microalaga Thalassiosira pseudonana is widely used in aquaculture sector.The harvesting of microalgae biomass from culture medium is the big challenge in terms of technology and economy.The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential use of chitosan prepared from white leg shrimp shells to harvest the biomass of T. pseudonana and determine the contents of some biological compounds of the harvested biomass.Methodology: Effects of different harvesting conditions (pH, chitosan concentration and flocculation time) on the harvesting efficiencies of the T. pseudonana were evaluated.The recovery efficiency of microalgae biomass of chitosan and contents of some biological compounds of the harvested biomass were compared with some metal salts and centrifugation method.The effect of storage temperature on the contents of some biological compounds as well antioxidant properties of the harvested biomass was also examined.Results: The suitable conditions for harvesting the biomass were as follows: A pH of 6, chitosan concentration of 4 mg LG 1 and flocculation time of 10 min.The flocculation efficiency of chitosan was much higher than that of some inorganic compounds including iron chloride (FeCl 3 ), aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC).Compared with the centrifugation method, total contents of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotenoid and polyphenol of the microalgal biomass harvested by chitosan was significantly higher.Contents of biological compounds of the biomass significantly decreased after 2 week storage at different temperatures, the lower the storage temperature the higher the stable contents and antioxidant activity. Conclusion:Using chitosan as a flocculating agent could be the potential method to harvest the biomass of microalga T. pseudonana.

Trang Si Trung

Nguyen Thi Khanh Huye

Nguyen Cong Minh

Tran Thi Le Trang

Nguyen The Han

Optimization of Harvesting of Microalgal Thalassiosira pseudonana Biomass Using Chitosan Prepared from Shrimp Shell Waste

利用虾壳废弃物制备的壳聚糖优化塔玛亚历山大藻生物量的收获

Background and Objective: After the liberalization of domestic and international market in 2003 and completely liberalization rice exports in 2011, Myanmar became an emerging economy in Southeast Asia.To generate export revenue, Paw San rice is considered market-driven export products.Paw San rice is a premium quality rice of Myanmar.Awarded the worldʼs best rice in 2011, the variety has a great potential to generate export revenue.However, despite its popularity, its production in Myanmar is very limited.The study aimed to reveal its economic benefits to farmers and identify factors contributing to the wider adoption of Paw San rice in Myanmar.Methodology: Farm survey data were collected for 561 rice farms from 370 rice farmers in Sagaing and Ayeyarwaddy regions in the monsoon season of 2013.Cost and return analysis of rice cultivation and a binomial logit model of Paw San rice adoption are used.Results: The results show that price and revenue from Paw San rice cultivation are significantly higher than from non-Paw San variety.Variable profit was also higher particularly in Ayeyarwaddy region where it is a traditional variety but not in Sagaing region where it was a recent introduction.The study also found that farmers in Ayeyarwaddy region who recognize the relative advantages of Paw San rice such as resistance to the rice stem borer and a higher market demand and price are more likely to adopt Paw San rice than those who do not.Its adoption in Sagaing region could be accelerated by promoting it to farmers with higher educational attainment, more experience and larger-scale farms.Farmers who avoid crop loss from rain damage by selecting varieties suitable to the areaʼs climatic pattern and the typical planting time are more likely to be Paw San rice growers in both regions.Conclusion: Paw San rice significantly generates higher income for Myanmar farmers.To alleviate poverty and create export revenue, the results suggest that increasing the adoption and supply of Paw San rice may be driven through the development of high yielding Paw San rice variety with good cooking quality and government support to promote positive market signal such as high price.

P.L. Myint

O. Napasintuw

Economic Analysis of Paw San Rice Adoption in Myanmar

缅甸帕桑稻种植的经济分析

Background and Objective: The insertion of MD2 pineapple in the international trade of fruits has helped reduce drastically the share of Côte dʼIvoire, a long-time leader in the European market with the variety Smooth Cayenne.In order to regain the lost market share, the Ivorian pineapple producers are considering a varietal diversification that goes through an adaptation of MD2 cultivation to the local ecological conditions.Thus, the study conducted in three pineapple-producing cities (Bonoua, Dabou, Tiassalé) aimed at improving the performance of MD2 variety in pedoclimatic conditions of Southern Côte dʼIvoire.Methodology: The effects of three planting beds: Flat land (TP), bare ridge (BSP) and ridge covered with polyethylene film (BAP) and two planting densities: 50000 and 70000 seedlings haG 1 (D50 and D70 respectively) were assessed on performance parameters through a split-plot design.Results: The results showed that in Bonoua and Dabou, the crop cycle of MD2 pineapple grown in short rainy season was relatively short (12 months) regardless of the planting bed and density.In Tiassalé, the average fruit weight and the highest gross yields were recorded on the ridges covered with polyethylene film.Furthermore, in all cities subjected to experiment, high planting densities (70000 plants haG 1 ) were marked out by the highest yields.Conclusion: The adoption of these results by producers could improve the production of MD2 pineapple in Côte dʼIvoire.

Ouattara Genefol

Camara Brahima

Bomisso Edson Lezi

Cherif Mamadou

Sorho Fatogoma

Dick Acka Emman

Kone Daouda

Yocoli Eugene

Effects of Planting Bed and Density on the Yield of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var., MD2) Grown in Short Rainy Season in Southern Côte d’Ivoire

种植床和密度对科特迪瓦南部短雨季菠萝（Ananas comosus L. var. MD2）产量的影响

Background: The agri-food industry has prioritized varieties with good quality fruit of vegetables such as tomatoes.Tomato fruit cracking is a physiological disorder that occurs due to genetic and environmental factors and causes fruit damage and reduce fruit quality, resulting in great economic losses.Objective: The objective of this study was to identify genotypes resistant and susceptible, determine selection criteria for fruit cracking resistance, inheritance of tomato fruit cracking and determine the selection method to develop superior tomatoes that are reistant to tomato fruit cracking.Material and Methods: A randomized complete block design was used to select parental plants based on fruit cracking index and determine the selection criteria based on correlation analysis, path analysis and heritability.Resistant genotype and susceptible genotype used as parent in six generation with Mendel analysis were used to determine the inheritance of tomato fruit cracking.Results: Results showed that the resistance genotypes to fruit cracking are IPBT4, IPBT56, IPBT60, IPBT64, IPBT83 and IPBT85 and the susceptible genotype in IPBT3.The resistance genotypes can be used as a donor parent for superior genotypes and fruit cracking resistance.The number of locales and pericarp thickness can be used as selection criteria for fruit cracking resistance because these have a high direct influence on fruit cracking and high heritability.Inheritance of tomato fruit cracking controlled by two pairs of double resessive epistasis gene or complete dominance.Conclusion: The pedigree selection will be the best breeding method to develop good line bred varieties with fruit cracking resistance.

Marlina Mustafa

Muhamad Syukur

Surjono Hadi Sutja

Sobir .

Inheritance of Fruit Cracking Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）果实裂果抗性的遗传

Background and Objective: The reclaimed salt-affected soils of the North China plain are an important land resource.The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization practices on phosphate leaching so that practical advice on phosphorous fertilizer applications could be provided to farmers.Results from this long-term study have implications for P accumulation and loss in salt-affected soils around the globe where saline soils are present.Materials and Methods: Phosphorus (P) accumulation and leaching in the salt-affected soils of the North China Plain for 24 years has been studied.The field experiment with different applications of P and nitrogen (N) began in 1983.Soil samples were collected from 4 layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-100 cm layer, respectively) after the harvest of maize in 2007.Results: The total P content tended to stabilize at 0.40-0.60g kgG 1 in 0-20 cm layer with natural vegetation in the absence of P fertilizer.The content of reactive P increased significantly from 0.5-1 in 1970ʼs to 6.40-8.60 mg kgG 1 in 2007 in the control plot.With application of fertilizers, the contents of total P and reactive P increased to 0.96 and 43.24 mg kgG 1 in the 0-20 cm layer, respectively.Both the application rate of P and N/P ratio influenced P leaching from 0-20 to 20-40, even to the 60-100 cm layer.Conclusion: Based on these results, it was suggested that P application rate at 135 kg P haG 1 is appropriate to maintain the P requirements by plants while minimizing P leaching.

Niu Lingan

Hao Jinmin

Xia Ruili

Bao Luer

Influence of N and P Applications on Phosphorus Leaching in Salt-affected Soils of the North China Plain

氮磷施用对华北平原盐渍化土壤磷淋失的影响

Nasrur Rahman

Reflis .

Marlin .

Bandi Hermawan

Bambang Sulistyo

Muhammad Faiz Barchia

Strategies for Developing a New Shallot Center Area Through Innovation of Cultivation Practices and Post Harvest Technologies in Bengkulu

通过创新种植实践和采后技术发展班古鲁新葱头中心区的策略

Kone Klinnanga Noël

Kouame Konan Didier

N&#;guessan Aya Carine

Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-Marti

Yao Kouadio Jacques-Ed

Kouassi Kouassi Virgile

Kouadio Koffi Jean-Pierr

Biological Control of Puccinia kuehnii Uredospores Germination, Responsible Agent for Orange Rust of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

甘蔗（Saccharum officinarum L.）橙锈病致病菌Puccinia kuehnii冬孢子萌发的生物防治

Background and Objective: Arthropods are important members of the soil ecosystem and help in the pollination of crops thereby increasing yield.Consequently, soil arthropodsʼ diversity was investigated to determine if arthropodsʼ diversity was related to environmental factors such as soil temperature, soil moisture and land use.Materials and Methods: Soils from three different land use were sampled with a soil auger and sub-sampled for arthropodsʼ extraction using the Berlese-Tullgren funnel extraction method for soil arthropods.After sorting, the different order of arthropods as well as soils physical and chemical properties including climatic variables were analysed for One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Genstat statistical software.The soils were also used to raise oil palm seedlings.The correlation between soil arthropods and climatic variables was done using SPSS version 21.Results: The land use types influenced soil arthropodsʼ diversity.Coleoptera and insect larva were the most abundant and were higher in POME-impacted soil than the other land use types.Mean Coleoptera and insect larva in POME-impacted soil were 30.67±5.9 a and 76.33±33.1 b , respectively.Many of the soil arthropods correlated positively and significantly with one another.The soil arthropods also correlated positively with soil moisture content.Conclusion: There was a relationship between the soil arthropods and environmental factors measured across the three land use and that it was land use rather than arthropods diversity that influenced the growth of oil palm nursery seedlings.

Ogbebor Omo Charlee

Osayande Pullen Efosa

Thomas Idemudia Aneni

Victor Chucks Adaigbe

Soil Arthropods Diversity in Three Land Types and Growth Parameters of Oil Palm Nursery Seedlings

三种土地类型中的土壤节肢动物多样性及油棕苗圃幼苗生长参数

Background and Objective: The livestock sub-sector plays an important role in the food supply but greater expenditure is required for the development of animal feed.Hence, the objective of the study was to identify the effect of using rice bran and a blood meal fermented with a probiotic based on moringa leaf extract in the pigʼs diet.Materials and Methods: A randomized block design was used consisting of four treatments and four blocks.The treatments applied in this research consist of treatment T 0 as a reference composed of 45% yellow corn, 30% rice bran, 10% blood meal and 15% soybean.Treatment T 1 is composed of 45% yellow corn, 35% fermented rice bran, 6.5% fermented blood meal and 13.5% soybean.The T 2 is composed of 45% yellow corn, 33% fermented rice bran, 7.5% fermented blood meal and 14.5% soybean.The T 3 is composed of 45% yellow corn, 30% fermented rice bran, 9.5% fermented blood meal and 15% soybean.The observed variables in the study were productive performance, income offers feed cost and carcass characteristics.The Duncanʼs Test was used to compare the means of treatment.Results: There was a significant effect for average daily weight gain, slaughter weight, carcass weight and there was a highly significant effect for back fat thickness and there was no significant effect for average daily intake, feed conversion ratio, feed intake efficiency, carcass percentage and abdominal fat weight.Mean comparison tests revealed that T 3 is the best treatment compared to the others.Conclusion: The T 3 treatment was very capable of improving productive performance, carcass quality and high-income offers feed cost of the local pigs.

Graciano Soares Gomes

Carlito de Araujo Mali Code

Carlos da Conceicao de Deus

Increase Production and Carcass Quality of Local Pig's with Low Feed Costs

提高本地猪生产效率及胴体品质，降低饲料成本

Background and objective: The information on the suitability of various types of soils to various types of crops is crucial for planners and agricultural scientists to initiate and encourage farmers to practice cropping systems based on soil potential to various crop categories.A study was carried out to evaluate the suitability evaluation of 3 hectare of land at Agbetu for the production of cassava using parametric model.Materials and Methods: Data were obtained by field study and laboratory analyses.A total of 3 ha was surveyed in order to carry out this study using rigid grid survey method and soil samples were collected and described morphologically to determine the mapping units.The 4 profile pits were dug, each in a unit P1, P2, P3 and P4.Soil samples were collected at each pedogenic horizon and prepared for physical, chemical and biological analyses.The laboratory result was subjected to suitability evaluation using parametric method.The land suitability groups: Highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable and not suitable (N) were used for the rating.Result: The soil pH was alkaline.The exchangeable bases were low except magnesium that was moderate in all the profiles.The textural classes of the soils were sandy clay loam, sandy loam, sandy clay, clay loam and clay, but the dominant textural class is sandy clay loam.Conclusion: The suitability result showed that the land was highly suitable for cassava production using parametric methods of land suitability evaluation according to the revised frame work.

Basil Ejike Charles

Aderolu Jamiu Adegoke

Ajayi Grace Atinuke

Olutimi Mayowa Shola

Oloyede Stephen

Georeferencing and Suitability Evaluation of Some Land in Ogun State Nigeria for Commercial Cassava Production

尼日利亚奥贡州部分地区土地的地理参考与商业木薯种植适宜性评估

Publication Information	Publisher: Academic Journals Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2009，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Asian Journal of Agricultural Research

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