Archives of Veterinary Medicine

Modern livestock production inevitably involves the use of antimicrobial drugs. Adequate application thereof depends on the application of appropriate biosafety measures as well as timely and accurate diagnostics of the diseases. Administration of antimicrobial drugs without previous identification of “zootechnical errors” or relevant laboratory analysis may lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Surveillance and monitoring of AMR is conducted according to prescribed procedures and includes sampling at slaughter line. Quite often, such procedures are missed out during production cycle, which results in an inadequate use of antibiotics and consequent development of antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene transfer. In this research, we monitored the presence of specific bacterial species from the family Enterobacteriaceae and their sensitivity to particular antibiotics in diverse animal categories at pig farms over the breeding period. The aim of the study was to establish the following: development of antimicrobial resistance by isolated bacteria, occurrence of the resistance towards several diverse groups of antibiotics, and possible alternatives to antibiotics in cases when therapy is required. The research confirmed the development of AMR during pig production process, which is often manifested as multiple resistance (group of penicillin and synthetic penicillin drugs, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines).

Igor Stojanov

Jasna Prodanov Radulović

Andrea Lauková

Ľuba Grešáková

Jelena Petrović

Radomir Ratajac

Ivan Pušić

CLINICAL ISOLATES OF E.coli IN PIGS – ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND PERSPECTIVES TO OPTIMIZE ANTIBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION

猪源大肠杆菌临床分离株——抗菌药物耐药性与优化抗生素给药的展望

Abstract The economic losses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are increasing today due to the development of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, researchers from different parts of the world are searching for new, alternative strategies to control these parasites. As a valuable natural resource, medicinal plants and their products have emerged as a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro ovicidal activity of two chemotypes of the yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) essential oil against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. For this purpose, nematode eggs were collected from naturally infected sheep of two farms located in Southern Italy to perform the egg hatch test. In both farms, the coproculture examination identified the presence of four genera of sheep GINs: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Chabertia. Main components of the yarrow essential oil identified by GC-MS analysis were 1,8-cineole (41.69%), camphor (8.37%) and trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (4.90) for the type 1 and β-pinene (28.53%), β-caryophyllene (18.71%) and 1,8-cineole (11.69%) for the type 2. In vitro ovicidal activity was evaluated at six different concentrations (50, 12.5, 3.125, 0.781, 0.195 and 0.049 mg/mL), whereby the inhibitory effect of the essential oil (Achillea millefolium L.) on egg hatchability varied from 46.5-99.5% (type 1) and 69.6-97.25% (type 2) and all concentrations tested showed a significantly higher efficacy compared to the negative control (p&lt;0.0001). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect on egg hatching was similar (p&gt;0.05) to the positive control (98.0%) at concentrations of 50 mg/mL (99.5%), 12.5 mg/mL (98.0%) and 3.125 (95.25%) of the type 1, and at concentrations of 50 mg/mL (97.25%) and 12.5 mg/mL (90.0%) of the type 2. The obtained results suggested that the A. millefolium essential oil has high anthelmintic potential, especially azulene-free chemotype rich in 1,8-cineole and camphor, which requires confirmation in further in vivo studies.

Filip Štrbac

Antonio Bosco

Alessandra Amadesi

Laura Rinaldi

Dragica Stojanović

Nataša Simin

Dejan Orčić

Slobodan Krnjajić

In vitro ovicidal activity of two chemotypes of the yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) essential oil against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes

两种蓍草（Achillea millefolium L.）精油化学型对绵羊胃肠道线虫的体外杀卵活性

Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaetes. It is transmitted by several hard ticks of the genus Ixodes, mainly Ixodes ricinus in Europe. Higher environment temperature caused by climate changes is linked to a higher activity of ticks during most of the year, thus the importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing in the region.&#x0D; A total of 90 ticks were collected by removing from humans. Every tick collected was identified regarding the species. Total of 79 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes were tested for the presence of the pathogen strains of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia burgdoreri sensu stricto by a real-time PCR assay targeting the recA gene. In total, 8 of them tested positive. Representative samples were tested with conventional PCR and results were in accordance.&#x0D; This study showed that the Genesig q16 Real-Time PCR is an easy diagnostic test for fast detection of Borrelia spirochetes in ticks.&#x0D; Key words: Lyme disease, tick-borne disease, real-time PCR, Borrelia

Marina Zekic Stosic

Snežana Tomanović

Ratko Sukara

Smiljana Milošević

Sara Savic

DETECTION OF BORRELIA SPIROCHETES IN TICKS WITH q16 REAL-TIME PCR

q16实时PCR检测蜱中疏螺旋体

High reproductive power and short development cycle, in addition to other factors, enable D.gallinae to produce adverse effects in the poultry industry. Not all development stages have the same significance, nor are they equally sensitive to the methods and formulations used for D.gallinae control. Laboratory tests were conducted by exposing eggs, larvae and protonymphs to P 547/17 formulation of inert oils (Pulcap). The testing was carried out with 20% oil-in-water emulsion with short exposure (1 min), and with 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% oil-in-water emulsion with continuous exposure. In the first control group, water was used (with continuous exposure), and in the other control group, eggs, larvae and nymphs were not treated. We determined that in all cases, eggs were laid in high percentage (89-100%). In addition to this, in tested liquids, larvae were present in high percentage and they change into protonymphs (8-89%). In the conditions of full exposure, where parasitic stages cannot leave the emulsion, P 547/17 in time achieves complete efficacy on development stages. In short exposure of eggs, when dirt is present, or on absorbent surfaces, P 547/17 emulsion cannot control them. However, this flaw is not essential in practical conditions. When applied correctly, P 547/17 formulation is efficient in D.gallinae control.

Aleksandar Pavličević

Ivan Pavlović

EFFICACY OF P 547/17 FORMULATION ON DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE EGGS AND LARVAE

P 547/17 配方对美洲斑潜蝇卵和幼虫的疗效

Abstract The aim of this paper was to examine the biochemical and haemological parameters of blood as well as the quality of breast meat of 45 pheasants. The pheasants were divided into three groups and fed by mixtures with the organic selenium supplementation in concentrations of 0.2 mg/kg (I group) and 0.3 mg/kg (II group)and with mixture without selenium in a control group (K). After 60 days of the experiment duration it was determined that the average values of selenium content in the breast meat in blood serum of II group pheasants which were fed with 0.3 mg/kg of organic selenium were significantly higher (p&gt;0.05) in comparison to the same parameters of pheasants of the control K group. The pheasants of II group also had better sensory traits of meat and they achieved the highest difference of the sum of the ranks of the meat acceptability. The difference was by 15 points higher than in the control K group and 7 points higher than in meat of the pheasants I group fed with 0.2 mg/kg of selenium. Adding of organic selenium in the food of II group pheasants (0.3 mg/kg) had a positive effect on increasing the water retention capacity in breast meat by 0.75% compared to the control group, namely by 0.58% in comparison to I group. Average values of chemical parameters of meat (pH, water, fat, proteins and ash content), haematological parameters of pheasants blood (number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets, haemoglobin and haematocrit values) and biochemical parameters of blood serum ( glucose, enzymes AST and ALT), total protein concentration, total cholesterol albumin, triglycerides, Ca, K and Na) were within the limits of reference values for pheasants and very uniform values without significant differences among examined groups.

Saša Obradović

Branko Petrujkić

Vladan Đermanović

Vladimir Živković

Bojan Stojanović

Nenad Đorđević

Milanka Radulović

THE EFFECT OF ADDING ORGANIC SELENIUM ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD AND QUALITY OF BREAST MEAT OF PHEASANTS

有机硒添加对雉鸡血液学和生化参数及胸肉品质的影响

The avian influenza virus (AIV), traditionally confined to avian hosts, has recently been detected in various mammal species, raising significant concerns for both animal and public health, necessitating efficient and accurate methods for virus detection and characterization. This study presents a sequencing protocol combined with a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline designed for the sequencing and analysis of AIV genomes. The presented streamlined approach encompasses whole genome PCR-amplification of the viral genome, enabling the genome characterization and detection of viral mutations with high precision. An amplicon-based MiniSeq sequencing workflow based on a set of PCR primers targeting all genome segments was developed. Three samples from H5 high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Serbia were sequenced using the MiniSeq platform. The protocol involves optimized sample preparation, tailored specifically for AIV, library preparation and sequencing. This is complemented by a robust bioinformatics pipeline that includes quality control, read mapping, consensus genome generation, subtyping and pathotyping, as well as statistical sequencing data. The pipeline efficiently processes raw sequencing data, ensuring high-quality genome assemblies and accurate identification of viral strains. The protocol was used on AIV samples from various avian species, demonstrating its applicability and reliability. The results highlight the protocol’s capability to generate comprehensive genomic data, which is crucial for monitoring viral evolution and informing public health interventions. The described integrated approach offers a powerful tool for AIV surveillance and research, facilitating timely and informed decision-making in response to avian influenza outbreaks. This protocol can be readily adapted for use in various laboratory settings, contributing to global efforts in combating avian influenza and enhancing our understanding of its genomic landscape.

Vladimir Gajdov

Tamas Petrovic

Gospava Lazic

Biljana Djurdjevic

Marko Pajic

Slobodan Knezevic

Jakov Nisavic

SEQUENCING PROTOCOL AND BIOINFORMATICS PIPELINE FOR THE AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS

禽流感病毒测序方案与生物信息学分析流程

A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis, potential risk factors, and knowledge, attitude, and practices in Bishoftu, central Ethiopia. Fecal samples were taken from 300 randomly selected dogs of different sex, age group, breeds, and diarrheal status. The samples were processed using a flotation technique to detect the eggs of Toxocara canis. The current result revealed an overall prevalence of 32.33% (95% CI: 27.07 - 37.95) of Toxocara canis. The prevalence of the disease was 30.30% (95% CI: 22.61 - 38.90), 31.06% (95% CI: 23.30 - 39.70), and 44.44% (95% CI: 27.94 - 61.90) in young, adult and older dogs, respectively. The prevalence of Toxocara canis was 32.43% (95% CI: 26.77 - 38.50) and 31.71% (95% CI: 18.08 - 48.09) in female and male dogs, respectively. The present findings indicated that there were statistically significant links between the prevalence of Toxocara canis regarding dog breeds and diarrheal status (p &lt; 0.05). The prevalence was higher in German Shepherd breed dogs (56.52%; 95% CI: 34.49 - 76.81) than in local dog breeds (30.32%; 95% CI: 24.97 - 36.11). The prevalence of the disease was higher in diarrheic dogs (46.48%; 95% CI: 34.55 - 58.71) than in non-diarrheic dogs (27.95%; 95% CI: 22.24 - 34.24). The knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment in the present study indicated poor dog management practices and insufficient public awareness. Most dog owners (56.7%; 95% CI: 50.85 - 62.35) did not deworm their dogs regularly, while 90.67% (95% CI: 86.79 - 93.71) fed dogs raw animal products. The present finding indicated that most respondents were not aware of zoonotic canine parasites (83.7%; 95% CI: 81.18 - 89.43) and toxocariasis (80.7%; 95% CI: 75.74 - 84.98). This study demonstrates a higher prevalence of Toxocara canis and lower public awareness about the disease. Therefore, this study recommends strategic deworming of dogs, better dog management, and increased public awareness in order to control the impact of the disease on animal and human health.

Helen Aklilu

Aweke Engdawork

PREVALENCE OF TOXOCARA CANIS AND ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF THE COMMUNITY IN BISHOFTU TOWN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

埃塞俄比亚中部比绍夫图镇犬弓蛔虫感染率及社区知识、态度和实践评估

With over 200 zoonotic diseases and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microbes, a substantial threat looms over public health. If we are unable to cope with AMR, it suggests a potential of 10 million global fatalities by 2050. The evolving landscape of AMR transcends geographic boundaries and species, necessitating collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts. The interplay between humans, animals, and the environment highlights the profound significance of One Health in addressing these interconnected challenges. The imperative of multidisciplinary efforts to safeguard the health and well-being of our shared world, comprised of humans, animals, and the environment, can pave the way toward success. The role of surveillance, education, and public awareness in combating AMR and fostering responsible antimicrobial use is inevitable in addressing this global concern. Key Words: Antimicrobial resistance, Zoonoses, One health

Shahroz Qasim

Aman Ullah Khan

Ali Raza

ZOONOTIC DISEASES AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: A DUAL THREAT AT THE HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERFACE

人畜共患病与抗微生物药物耐药性：人类与动物界面的双重威胁

In this study, veterinary students from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad were surveyed to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes toward farm animal welfare. Data were collected from 431 students by survey consisting of 39 closed-ended questions divided into two parts (demographic characteristics and a five-point Likert scale). Results showed that female students, students aged 18 to 21 years, from veterinary high schools, from urban areas, with mixed diets, who own pets, were predominated. Younger students and students from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University in Belgrade agree significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) that animal welfare is necessary for sustainable agriculture, food safety, biological functioning, emotional state, and natural behavior, as well as zootechnical procedures and rearing systems impairing the welfare of farm animals compared with students of the final year of studies, and from Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad. Female students, and younger students, from urban areas, who own pets, have more concerned attitudes regarding farm animal welfare (p&lt;0.001). The findings of this study confirm that attitudes toward farm animal welfare are not homogeneous and are associated with students’ demographic characteristics. Also, results suggest that more attention should be paid to the curriculum and program to indirectly improve the welfare of farm animals.

Katarina Nenadović

Dunja Videnović

Milutin Đorđević

Mirjana Đukić-Stojšić

Marijana Vučinić

KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITTUDES OF VETERINARY STUDENTS IN SERBIA TOWARD FARM ANIMAL WELFARE

塞尔维亚兽医学生对农场动物福利的知识与态度

Salmonella spp. is considered as a high-priority foodborne hazard for control in wild boar meat. This comprehensive study about Salmonella spp. in population of wild boars in Serbia was conducted with an aim to assess the influence of hunting and dressing procedures on the spread of Salmonella on wild boar carcasses and to examine the molecular similarities of strains isolated from wild boars. Samples from wild boars from twelve hunting estates in South-West Vojvodina, Serbia, were taken from 425 hunted animals, which was 25.3% of the total wild boar population in all hunting estates. Three samples were taken from each animal’s skin swabs, feces, and carcass meat swabs. A total of 1,275 samples were examined using standard ISO protocols. Subtyping of the isolates was performed and compared using Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella prevalence was 4.2%, and Salmonella Enteritidis was the dominant serotype (74.5%). Carcass meat contamination originated from the feces of the same animal. Two or more entrance wounds, damage of the abdominal cavity caused by non-expert shooting were factors found to increase Salmonella contamination on the skin and/or on carcass meat. Rain during the hunting and practice of diaphragm and peritoneum removal and the evisceration being performed on the ground/floor or in hanging position did not lead to increase in Salmonella contamination on the meat. Although the determined prevalence was not high in wild boars compared to farm pigs, it is possible that Salmonella entered the food chain through contaminated meat. Therefore, the importance of good hunting and hygiene practice in handling and dressing wild boar carcasses should not be underestimated.

Jelena Petrovic

Jovan Mirčeta

Maja Velhner

Jasna Prodanov-Radulović

SALMONELLA IN WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA): INFLUENCE OF HUNTING AND DRESSING PROCEDURES ON MEAT SAFETY

野生野猪（Sus scrofa）中的沙门氏菌：狩猎和处理程序对肉类安全的影响

涉及主题	生物医学遗传学生态学兽医学化学病理地质学病毒学免疫学古生物学内科学微生物学生物化学地理动物科学有机化学细菌植物
出版信息	出版商: Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2019，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：3 Weeks

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