Acque Sotterranee - Italian Journal of Groundwater

Paolo Cerutti

Acque Sotterranee-Italian Journal of Groundwater

[Geothermal heat pump systems: what criteria and parameters in future legislation]

地源热泵系统：未来立法中的标准与参数

[Geothermal heat pump systems for underground geoexchange: a ripe opportunity for the present, a prospect to be developed for the future]

地热热泵系统用于地下地热交换：当前的成熟机遇，未来的发展前景

The paper analyzes the data of groundwater level (GWL), groundwater temperature (TW), and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements in three deep piezometers (B1, B2, B3) in the Jadro spring basin, taken from October 2010 to December 2021. The variation of these parameters is analyzed at different time scales: annually, monthly, daily (24 hours), and hourly. They are compared with the data of the same parameters measured at the Jadro Spring. The analysis of the maximum observed rise and fall rates of the GWL showed that the piezometers were drilled in very different karst environments. Piezometer B1 is located in a karst matrix where the water flows predominantly in a diffuse laminar (slow-flow) regime. Piezometers B2 and B3 are located in a fault line where numerous large karst underground formations occur and rapid turbulent water flow takes place. The mean annual flows of the Jadro Spring strongly depend on the mean annual GWL-s in each of the piezometers. For much of the year (about 99%), the GWL in all three piezometers is more than 210 m below the ground surface. As the measuring sensors are located near the bottom of the piezometers, the groundwater temperature is almost stagnant. It is always at 12.5 ºC in piezometer B1 and behaves almost identically in piezometer B3. Water temperature is the highest in piezometer B2 and hovers around the average value of 13.5 ºC. At the Jadro Spring, the average water temperature is 12.95 ºC. The electrical conductivity values are the highest in piezometers B2 and B3, with an average of around 0.5 mS/cm. They are lower in piezometer B1, where they range around an average value of 0.465 mS/cm, while at the Jadro Spring, they vary from 0.40 mS/cm to 0.48 mS/cm, with an average value of 0.44 mS/cm. A distinct seasonal pattern in groundwater level behavior is evident across all piezometers. However, no discernible upward or downward trend is observed.

Ognjen Bonacci

Tanja Roje-Bonacci

Adrijana Vrsalović

Different groundwater behaviour in deep karst boreholes: the case of Jadro spring basin (Dinaric karst, Croatia)

深部岩溶钻孔中不同的地下水行为：以Jadro泉流域（迪纳拉岩溶，克罗地亚）为例

Geological cross-sections are usually employed in the hydrogeological model conceptualization, but their usage may not be easily exploited in subsequent modeling phases. The spatial distribution of geological facies along a geological section’s track may significantly vary when using random facies fields, and these may not be faithful to the original conceptualization described by the geological section. The present work offers a novel framework for improving available hydrogeological models using geological sections as a more quantitative source of information, hence by taking into account of information coming from a geological section. Then, this information given by the change in the distribution of porosities is transferred from the section’s track to surrounding locations through a proper kriging procedure upon a chosen Correlation Scale (R), which is exponentially correlated in space. This procedure is tested by using porosity distributions upon several R, associating a conductivity value with each porosity one through empirical formulations, and informing several numerical models related to a real case study (an aquifer in the province of Lecco, Northern Italy). The proposed procedure enables to significantly outperform the former calibrated numerical model. Best-calibrated models show that the convenient R could be from 2 to 5 kilometers long, consistent with the width of the alluvial and fluvioglacial floodplain that characterizes the aquifer under examination.

Massimiliano Schiavo

Improved groundwater modeling by incorporating geological information from hydrogeological sections

通过结合水文地质剖面中的地质信息改进地下水模拟

Karst aquifers are characterized by different types of groundwater flow, related to different types of permeability due to the simultaneous presence of matrix, fractures and conduits. The presence of a well-developed karst conduit system leads to a rapid circulation of groundwater within the aquifer and a pulse-type response of the spring flow to the rainfall inputs, with a potential fast transport of contaminants from the hydrogeological basin surface to the discharge zones. Supported by hydro chemical analyses of spring water samples and single discharge measurements, it was possible to develop specific mass balance models, correlating ion content to spring flowrates. Specifically, Mg2+ content revealed a reliable application for spring baseflow separation in karst settings. Once the local model has been set, its conservative behaviour, in mostly limestone-dominant aquifers, allows using Mg2+ as a natural tracer of groundwater flow, distinguishing conduit flow (overflow) and diffuse flow (baseflow) occurrence in the spring outlet, without additional discharge measurements. In karst settings, the difficulty in continuously monitoring the spring discharge values makes this application interesting for exploitation management. This study shows the results obtained for two springs located in Central Italy, confirming that monitoring groundwater quality in karst environments is often the key for successfully characterizing springs and assessing the total yield when direct measurements are not available.

Francesco Maria De Filippi

Giuseppe Sappa

Magnesium and groundwater flow relationship in karst aquifers: a tool for exploitation management of springs

岩溶含水层中镁与地下水流关系：泉水开发管理的工具

The increasing rate of urbanisation and extreme climatic events represent a constant threat for urban water resources management. In recent decades, Milan Metropolitan Area (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy) has been affected by a) frequent extreme rainfall events, responsible for the flooding of major surface water courses, and b) groundwater management problems, both from a quantitative (i.e. interaction with underground infrastructures) and qualitative point of view. Moreover, the increasing use of groundwater geothermal systems also requires further considerations. This work analyses the literature available in the area regarding surface floods, groundwater quantity, quality, and temperature. Finally, a discussion is provided to understand a) which approaches could promote an effective management of both surface water and groundwater resources b) which points of contact emerge between these two aspects of the urban water cycle, and c) which possible urban interventions could contribute to an integrated and functional management of water resources, also reducing some current issues.

Davide Sartirana

Chiara Zanotti

Marco Rotiroti

Mariachiara Caschetto

Agnese Redaelli

Simone Bruno

Letizia Fumagalli

Mattia De Amicis

Tullia Bonomi

Urban Water Management in Milan Metropolitan Area, a review

米兰都市区城市水资源管理综述

[Article in Italian] Impianti geotermici a bassa entalpia a circuito chiuso per il geoscambio nel sottosuolo: registri pubblici, dati disponibili, implicazioni per la programmazione

[Closed loop low enthalpy geothermal systems for underground heat exchange: public records, available data, implications for planning]

闭环低焓地热系统用于地下热交换：公共记录、可用数据及对规划的影响

This review paper examines the hydrogeological characteristics and challenges of urban groundwater management in ten major Italian cities: Turin, Milano, Padova, Bologna, Roma, Pescara, Napoli, Bari, Catania, and Cagliari. Urbanization has placed significant pressure on groundwater systems, highlighting the need for sustainable management. The study categorizes the cities based on their hydrogeological settings and groundwater uses, identifying key issues such as salinization, industrial contamination, and land subsidence. The findings emphasize the importance of urban local aquifers (ULAs) for drinking water, industry, and ecological support, advocating for integrated urban water management and governance to enhance resilience against future water shortages and climate change impacts.

F. La Vigna

L. Alberti

S. Da Pelo

D. Ducci

P. Fabbri

A. Gargini

M. Lasagna

G. Pappalardo

M. Polemio

S. Rusi

Exploring the aquifers shaping Italy's sub-urban landscape

探索塑造意大利郊区景观的含水层

This paper proposes a methodology for managing groundwater monitoring directly in the field through a specific data entry system installed on mobile devices and a relational geographic database that allows the visualization and querying of data via a specific web interface. The study area is the city of Rome, where a monitoring system of approximately 150 piezometers and wells, currently manually monitored twice a year. The proposed method uses the Enterprise cloud platform (ESRI, 2024) managed by ISPRA-SNPA, which guarantees the repository of the data collected in an online cloud system and the use of Web applications. The data of the time series of levels and chemical-physical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity are freely accessible through attribute tables, graphs, and viewer elements. The results highlight numerous possibilities for expanding the network of active wells, enabling the use of groundwater resources for adaptation measures to address ongoing climate change.

Mauro Roma

Isidoro Bonfà

Maria Pia Congi

Rossella Maria Gafà

Lucio Martarelli

Gennaro Maria Monti

Claudio Papiccio

Angelantonio Silvi

Valerio Vitale

Francesco La Vigna

Guardians of the aquifers: ehancing Rome’s groundwater monitoring network

含水层守护者：加强罗马地下水监测网络

The paper discusses the possibility of using groundwater as a source of water supply for Mykolaiv during emergencies or military operations. A hydrogeological model of the Mykolaiv groundwater field was developed to investigate the water exchange pattern and sources of operational groundwater reserves in the Upper Sarmatian aquifer, which is a primary source of drinking groundwater in the Mykolaiv area. The influence of various factors on water-bearing capacity of the Upper Sarmatian sediments was assessed, including the vulnerability of the fresh groundwater to the intrusion of brackish water from the Bug Estuary. The study also examined the feasibility of operating the aquifer under forced conditions, depending on the duration of emergency periods or military operations.

Viacheslav Shestopalov

Yurii Rudenko

Iryna Koliabina

Borys Stetsenko

Kostiantyn Yaroshenko

Groundwater for urban water supply in Ukraine: a case study of Mykolaiv (Military challenges and lessons for the future)

乌克兰城市供水中的地下水：尼古拉耶夫案例研究（军事挑战与未来教训）

Abbreviation	AS-ITJGW
Journal Impact	1.00
Quartiles(Global)	WATER RESOURCES(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: Page Press Publications，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2012，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:25.00%， Gold OA Rate: 81.54%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：8 Weeks

Acque Sotterranee - Italian Journal of Groundwater

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