Applied GIS

This paper explores a new phase of urban development based on a case study of Dallas, Texas. The key feature of the North American metropolitan areas is the relatively weak CBD core. Many issues related to social problems, for example increasing number of immigrant shares or more non-English speaking people, often push the major urban functions out toward the suburbs and many high-density office complexes are found separate and far from the CBD as a result. In this paper, the authors examine the new efforts by city councils and other related organizations to reorganize suburbanized functions around a new public transportation system, the light rail transit (LRT). After the completion of the LRT in 1996, a new pattern of commuter flows and an increased urban development close to the newly opened stations occurred.

Yuichi Ishikawa

Jun Tsutsumi

The changing socio-economic structure of Dallas, US: the new Light Rail Transit lines and related land use change

美国达拉斯社会经济结构的变迁：新轻轨交通线路及其相关土地利用变化

This paper explains an approach for appraising the extent and quality of native vegetation and identifying significant habitats at strategic regional and local levels. The Vegetation and Habitat Conservation Significance Framework (hereafter the framework) is formulated through a planning process which includes seven stages from defining the Purpose of the study (Stage 1) to Implementation and monitoring (Stage 7). The cornerstone of the framework is the formulation, in Stage 3, of a Regional Habitat Significance Model which integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Geographic Information System (GIS). An expert workshop (Stage 4) is an integral part of model construction and should comprise 10 to 15 persons including environmental and land use scientists, ecologists, planners and landscape architects with good knowledge of vegetation, biodiversity and habitat matters, as well as relevant decision-makers. Experts are provided with all the data sets generated in Stage 2, and limitations and advantages of each data set are discussed. The initial construction of the model (undertaken at Stage 3) is validated, or modified, and then its components are weighted through consensus of the experts. The GIS platform permits the ongoing improvement and input of the latest, relevant information and the preparation of a new assessment in a cyclical planning process. The method is predominantly explained by reference to its application in the rural shire of Macedon Ranges, State of Victoria, Australia.

Victor A Sposito

Elizabeth Morse-McNabb

GIS-based modelling of regional conservation significance

基于GIS的区域保护重要性建模

An area in the Magondi Belt, Zimbabwe, has been chosen for mineral potential mapping using the favourability functions approach.The available datasets comprising of an old geological map, a detailed airborne total magnetic field survey, and geochemical samples at the nodes of an exploration grid, have been integrated using seven different inference techniques through the joint probability function under the conditional independence hypothesis.A geological conceptual model has been adopted for the representation of the mineralization occurrence, in order to select appropriate geospatial indicators of mineralization, while existing mines in the area have been used as a training set for the model.Among the different integration techniques which have been tested, some have proven to be robust in correctly predicting all the known mine sites.It has been thus possible to draw favourability maps using existing data, which indicate the most promising areas for exploration and detailed mapping efforts for mineral exploitation.Even more important, using sensitivity analysis of the favourability functions allowed to evaluate the most important factors controlling mineralization occurrence, and thus worth additional future investigation.So far, a completely data driven approach has been supported because limitations due to lack of geological knowledge limited the possibility of using expert knowledge-based modifications of the conditional probabilities.Improvements in prediction can be achieved through a more detailed geological description of the area based e.g. on the interpretation of remotely sensed data.

Tsehaie Woldai

Alberto Pistocchi

Sharad Master

Validation and sensitivity analysis of a mineral potential model using favourability functions

矿产潜力模型的验证与敏感性分析：基于倾向性函数的方法

A new interpolation wavelet filter for TIN data compression has been applied in two steps, namely splitting and lifting. In the splitting step, a triangle has been divided into several sub-triangles and the elevation step has been used to modify the point values (point coordinates for geometry) after the splitting. This data set is then compressed at the desired locations by using second-generation wavelets: scalar wavelets constructed by using a lifting scheme. Application of the compressed data compares favourably with results derived using the original (and much larger) TIN data set.

Biswajeet Pradhan

Sandeep Kumar

Shattri Mansor

Abdul Rahman Ramli

Abdul Rashid B. Mohamed Sharif

Spatial data compression and denoising via wavelet transformation

基于小波变换的空间数据压缩与去噪

The changing socio-economic structure of Dallas, US

美国达拉斯社会经济结构的变迁

The modern Lule harbour-side dates back to 1649 when the old city was abandoned because its harbour-side and approaches had become too shallow to be useful. This shallowing, due to glacio-isostatic rebound, affects the new town also, but the results have been mitigated by coastal engineering. As a result of uplift and engineering, former harbour-side land is now far enough from the present shoreline for any maritime artifacts that might lie beneath them to be unsuspected.We report the outcome of a successful Monash University - Lule University project designed to identify such former harbour-side land parcels by digitizing and georeferencing a series of historical maps dating from the mid eighteenth century. The method has wide application. Typically, the spatial database built using the approach we have exemplified will be readily incorporated into official spatial datasets to be used in decision support. Thus, planning authorities charged with both re-development permit application appraisal and protection of buried heritage items can identify land parcels that would be likely to have buried artifacts, and places within the parcel that are most likely to produce surprises. Land re-developers would be pleased to have access to such information because of the extra scope they can derive for coping with the disruptions to excavation and building works that arise when heritage items are unearthed.

Christian Lundberg

Lynette Peterson

Land use history of central Lule: a case study in the use of historical maps together with modern geographic municipal information

中央吕勒土地利用历史：结合历史地图与现代地理市政信息的案例研究

In late June 1998, a damaging flood event occurred at Lakes Entrance (Victoria, Australia), which was partly due to retardation of floodwater flow through the Gippsland Lakes artificial entrance by the level of flood-tide delta sediment accretion in the Entrance and Reeves Channels. Analyses of digitised three-dimensional hydrographic datasets allowed the extent of pre and post-flood event bathymetric change to be visualised and also quantified.Despite the introduction (post-1998 floods) of engineered sediment management regimes in the Entrance and Reeves Channels, flood-tide delta accretion has continued. This sediment accretion potentially increases the vulnerability of infrastructure in low-lying areas of the Lakes Entrance township to any future Gippsland Lakes flood events.

Peter John Wheeler

Analysis of pre/post flood bathymetric change using a GIS: a case study from the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia

利用GIS分析洪灾前后水深变化：以澳大利亚维多利亚州吉普斯兰湖为例

Results are presented of spatial query at the land parcel level of a (digital) spatial database, referring to the twentieth century Harbour-side zone of the Port of Melbourne. They refer mainly to land-use histories of individual land parcels. Such histories can be now deployed routinely in decision support during assessment of heritage potential in aid of re-development/excavation permit appraisal.Such query has long been possible in a general way: the innovation brought forward in this presentation refers to the new level of detail that is achieved by adopting digital spatial database query. The prerequisite for such query is the kind of digital spatial database that we have built from imposing spatial compatibility on archival maps and air photos.It is argued that much interest will attach to implementing the spatial database building process exemplified in this paper for decision-making in planning permit appraisal. For instance, contaminated ground might be better identified. Modern data handling tools make this feasible in a routine way if the necessary data and information flow paths and data sharing can be arranged.

Damien John Luxford

Shobhit Chandra

Harbour-side land parcel land-use changes: significance in re-development planning permit appraisal in Melbourne, Australia

港口土地地块用途变更：澳大利亚墨尔本再开发规划许可评估中的重要性

This paper discusses research aimed at identifying key factors influencing the distribution of residential housing renovation employment in metropolitan Melbourne. Using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), employment focused on residential housing renovation is modelled using six parameters representing urban space: distance to the central business district, median household income, distance to highways, the number of nearby shopping centres, distance to public open space and accessibility to railway stations. Of the six different explanatory variables, the estimated value of the Ordinary Least Square model for distance to CBD and open space were statistically significant. Mapping the values of local coefficient estimates of independent variables revealed their extent of influence and variation in residential housing renovation employment.

Kiran Kc

Prem Chhetri

Colin Arrowsmith

Jonathan Corcoran

Modelling the spatial pattern of housing-renovation employment in Melbourne, Australia: an application of geographically weighted regression

澳大利亚墨尔本住房改造就业空间模式建模：地理加权回归的应用

The prototype Spatial Optimizer 1.0 program for allocation of commodity production is demonstrated to show its potential as a decision support aid for policy making. The case study involves a set of agricultural commodities in south eastern Australia and the program uses estimates of each grid cell’s soil suitability for each of the eight crops, both in the year 2000 and in the year 2050, by which time soil characteristics are expected to have been affected by environmental change. We first predict how much total regional production will result from a judicious re-location of commodity types, both under conditions of complete flexibility and when constrained by more realistic, upper and lower limits on production, and we compare such predictions with current production levels. We also estimate potential total regional revenue, both in the short term when current prices are assumed to remain static and in the long term when prices are assumed to change according to how much of each commodity is produced compared to its current output level, and we compare these results with current agricultural revenue. Our long-term estimates are based on year 2000 soil-suitability values and then on year 2050 soil-suitability values in order to gauge the probable impacts of environmental change. Finally, we run the 2050 simulation twice more, with one of the recommended, dominant crops removed in each instance. This generates maps of some localised concentrations of other commodities that will become necessary in the future if maximum revenue is to be retained after one of the more lucrative crops is discontinued.

Ray Wyatt

Kurt Benke

An optimisation model for spatially allocating commodity production and forecasting its impact on regional productivity

商品生产空间分配优化模型及其对区域生产力影响的预测

Publication Information	Publisher: Monash University ePress，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2005，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Applied GIS

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