Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management

Aim: This paper describes the collaborative approaches used to design microcredentials in digital health and cybersecurity. The project was initiated to design and deliver educational products to address specific skills shortages and align outcomes with Australian and International skills and professional competency frameworks. Approach: The co-design process was guided by a proven model for educational design, involving interdisciplinary teams and emphasising rapid prototyping to ensure industry relevance and on time delivery. Partnerships with industry and professional associations were built to develop and deploy the microcredentials within a six-month timeframe. Main Findings and Conclusion: Key success factors included trust, mutual respect, and effective communication among partners. The co-design process highlighted the benefits of collaboration, the importance of alignment with competency frameworks, and the lessons learned in creating educational products that satisfy learner, academic and industry needs. The paper concludes that co-designing microcredentials with industry and professional associations is an effective approach to delivering educational products that address workforce skills and professional knowledge gaps.

Sheree Lloyd

Mark Upton

Joel Scanlan

Leveraging Partnerships for Microcredential Design in Digital Health: Key success factors

利用合作伙伴关系设计数字健康微证书：关键成功因素

Background: Virtual hospitals offer a promising solution to alleviate pressures on traditional healthcare systems by providing acute care in patients' homes. Despite the implementation of a virtual hospital model in South Australia, referral rates remain below expectations. Aim: To explore clinician attitudes, beliefs, barriers, and enablers influencing referrals to a virtual hospital for acute care. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with nine clinicians who had experience referring patients to the virtual hospital. Data were analysed thematically using a grounded theory approach. Results: Four key themes emerged: (1) Complexity of the healthcare ecosystem leading to duplication and navigation challenges; (2) Ambiguity in patient selection criteria causing uncertainty in referrals; (3) Higher social complexity and non-medical care needs acting as barriers; (4) Interoperability issues and the need for effective change management. Conclusions: Addressing the identified barriers through refining referral pathways, clarifying eligibility criteria, enhancing support for patients with complex needs, and improving system interoperability could increase referral rates to the virtual hospital. Engaging clinicians in the co-design of virtual care models is essential for successful implementation.

Emily Kirkpatrick

Exploring Clinician Barriers and Enablers in Referring Patients to a Virtual Hospital for Acute Care

探索临床医生在将患者转诊至虚拟医院接受急性护理时的障碍与促进因素

The Caboolture and Redcliffe regions of North Brisbane have experienced rapid population growth in recent years, with high levels of emergency department (ED) use, an ageing population, and a high proportion of complex health and psychosocial needs. An innovative intervention was co-designed to reduce unnecessary emergency department (ED) presentations by those with chronic complex conditions in the selected regions. Local general practices (GPs) were approached to participate in the program, now titled the ‘Care Collective,’ and provided with a funding package to build the capacity of the practice to employ an existing practice nurse or utilise a contracted nurse to upskill in a coordination role. The nurses, titled Complex Care Coordinators (CCCs), connect eligible clients with existing services in the community, aiming to improve patient quality of life, health literacy, and ability to self-manage their condition; in turn reducing unnecessary ED presentations and hospital admissions. The program has been funded by the Department of Health and Aged Care Primary Pilots Program.

Rohie Marshall

Key Dissemination Learnings from an Innovative, Value-Based Emergency Department Prevention Program

基于价值的急诊科预防项目中的关键传播经验

Academic research plays a pivotal role in creating and sustaining pathways for clinical impact. Over nine years, a series of collaborative research projects informed the translation pathway for structured journal clubs within a tertiary health service. This pathway included conceptualisation, implementation, sustainability and spread of research evidence into practice within the innovative journal club initiative. This brief identifies four key stages of the pathway, summarising the contribution of research to support ongoing practice transformation.

Sharon Mickan

Rachel Wenke

Practice Brief: Academic Research Supports Translation Pathways for Clinical Impact in Structured Journal Clubs

实践简报：学术研究支持通过结构化期刊俱乐部实现临床影响的转化路径

Background: Healthcare is becoming increasingly complex, requiring leaders to cope with a significant degree of uncertainty, change and ambiguity. In this environment, the healthcare leader’s ability to make sense of their experiences and thrive as a leader, is crucial to the efficient functioning of the healthcare system. Objective: To explore how the healthcare leader understands and makes sense of their leadership experiences and to develop a theoretical model which reflects contemporary leadership in a complex healthcare environment. Methods: A constructivist grounded theory methodology provided a comprehensive and rigorous model for the flexible exploration and analysis of the personal experiences and perspectives of the participant healthcare leaders. The rich and varied data was co-created through researcher interviews with participants, where participants engaged in two, one-hour interviews. Memo writing throughout the data collection and analysis process afforded additional valuable data. Results: Coding of data using constant comparative analysis rendered six key categories: Broadening perspectives and abilities as a leader, Creating the best possible healthcare environment, Experiencing and making sense of the bad times, Leading in alignment with personal values, Communicating and building relationships, Experiencing and making sense of the rewarding times. An overarching core category emerged of Being an wholistic and developmental leader, which connected all the categories. Conclusion: This research provides an understanding of how healthcare leaders make meaning from their leadership experiences. A comprehensive model has been constructed to describe how contemporary healthcare leaders make sense of their leadership experiences in complex environments both wholistically and developmentally. This is useful for both informing and supporting the developmental growth of healthcare leaders .

Shannon Richards-Green

Suzanne Gough

Mickan Sharon

Being An Wholistic and Developmental Healthcare Leader: Insights from a grounded theory research study

成为全面发展的医疗保健领导者：基于扎根理论研究的洞见

In the last years, specifically post Covid-19, pharmaceutical industry has gained a significant place in the healthcare domain. Pharmaceutical companies are the important players in the supply chain of drugs. With increasing competition, growing population and changing complexities of type of diseases, the need of pharmaceutical products has swelled over time, making the sector prone to supply chain risks. The purpose of this paper is to identify and access various risks in the pharmaceutical supply chain in the context of India. To attend this objective, a case of a major pharmaceutical company had been considered. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has been used to identify and further prioritize these risks. Further Pareto analysis, also called as 80/20 rule, is conducted to identify the risks that are vital. The "80/20" rule suggested prioritizing 17 from 35 potential causes. Second level Pareto analysis identified 6 risk elements out of these 17 elements as most critical. Root cause assessment on these six risks is done through Five Why technique. The results of this study exhibited that Inventory Planning Issues, Labour Issues, Insufficient Storage Space, Raw Material Availability Issues, Inappropriate Forecasting, Communication Issues were the most critical issues in the pharmaceutical supply chain. The major cause to the eruption of these risks is improper Sales and Operations Planning (S&amp;OP). This study suggests that the managers of the pharmaceutical supply chain should first understand the various risks in the supply chain that can disrupt the function. Further through prioritization of risks, the losses or the delays in the supply chain can be reduced.

Pallawi Baldeo Sangode

Developing A Framework for The Indian Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risks Assessment through FMEA Approach

通过FMEA方法开发印度药品供应链风险评估框架

Introduction: Family physicians play a critical role in managing and urgently referring patients with myocardial infarction. This study aims to examine the role of primary healthcare system related to timely treatment and, when necessary, hospitalization of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methodology: As part of this quantitative research, a survey was conducted with patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results: Patients primarily contact emergency medical services directly, bypassing their family doctor. Only 11% of patients consulted a family doctor during their illness, indicating that primary healthcare in Georgia is not sufficiently developed. Among patients who directly sought emergency services at symptom onset, 95.8% received emergency care within two hours. However, patients who consulted their family physician before hospitalization experienced shorter delays, allowing for quicker referral to emergency services compared to those who attempted self-treatment. Family doctors are more likely to recognize symptoms accurately and refer patients promptly when needed. In contrast, self-treatment—prevalent in our study (n=98, 22.5%)—is associated with longer delays (n=90, 66.7%) in accessing emergency care. Conclusion: Public health campaigns are recommended to encourage patients with chest pain to seek immediate emergency medical assistance. For minor discomfort, consulting a family doctor is more appropriate.

Tengiz Verulava

Lika Arakishvili

The Role of Primary Health Care in the Timely Treatment and Hospitalization of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Evidence from Georgia

初级卫生保健在急性心肌梗死患者及时治疗和住院中的作用：来自格鲁吉亚的证据

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the health of the Thai people. The PHEM was essential for the surveillance, prevention, and control of COVID-19. This study aimed to present the process of the PHEM for COVID-19 from February 29, 2021, to April 30, 2022, and the factors affecting the successful outcome. The study area covered three provinces. The Target group included 37 public health personnel. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group interviews based on the non-structure interview guideline and were analyzed by content analysis. The components of COVID-19 prevention and control in the process of PHEM included (1) Emergency Operation Center (EOC) with the incidence command system (ICS) from the district to the provincial level to propose the provincial measure, (2) Provincial Communicable Disease Committee (PCDC) to manage the provincial measure, (3) the measure for surveillance, prevention, control, and treatment of COVID-19, and (4) outcomes and best practices for surveillance and control of COVID-19. The success factors of 4S and EC included Space to prepare the quarantine (HQ, LQ), Cohort Ward (CW), field hospitals, community isolation, and home isolation to face the patient and risky group, Staff from various organizations, and groups including the community leader and Health Volunteer (HV), Stuff to manage and share the medical and non-medical equipment, System of Covid-19 response including EOC, ICS, Joint Investigation Team (JIT) and Communicable Disease Control Unit (CDCU) for monitoring the real-time of surveillance and control of COVID-19 output, Environment to conduct management in hospital and the community with Infections Control (IC), and Culture in term of social capital on “the relationship of Isan people” to provide the good care and support for the patients. The structure of PHEM, Isan’s culture, and good preparation were the significant factors in the three provinces.

Orathai Srithongtham

Worayuth Nak-ai

Ploypailin Tepateepakorn

Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lesson learned from Public Health Region 10th Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand

COVID-19大流行中的公共卫生应急管理（PHEM）：来自泰国乌汶叻差他尼第10公共卫生区的经验教训

Background: The important role of being a nurse is giving a safe nursing care comprehensively and without missed caring left behind. In recent years, missed nursing care become the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality of the patient in the health services, particularly at the hospital. Purpose: Identify and analyse the most frequent missed nursing care and its risk factors gave by the nurse at the hospital. Methods: One hundred fifty (150) nurses who worked at inpatient COVID-19 room, Public Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants were selected by random and proportional sampling by determine nurses’ number in each room helped by head nurse. The inclusion criteria of the sample are nurses who have experience working in the COVID-19 room and are willing to be research respondents. Head nurse leadership questionnaire was modified from the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index with Cronbach's alpha 0.759 and Missed nursing care questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.828. Results: As results show that there is relationship between education (p=0,05), leadership (p=0,05), and management function (p=0,005) with missed nursing care. Using SEM analysis, increasing 1 times of leadership factor and its function will decreasing 0,145 times missed nursing care factor. While increasing 1 times of management function factor will decreasing 0,298 times missed nursing care. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between leadership of manager, function management, and the occurrence of missed nursing care. Continuing formal education and maintaining competences of the nurses is one of how to give a comprehensive nursing care without missed. In other hand, as a nurse managers asked to become a role model for their staffs at work. Moreover, a nurse managers should participate and involve in management function such as planning, organizing, structuring, managing equipment, adjusting working environment, manpower assignment, guiding staff and providing feedback.

Rr Tutik Sri Hariyati

Putri Nilasari

Hanny Handiyani

Missed Nursing Care in the New Era after Pandemic COVID-19: A cross-sectional study from nurses' perspective

后疫情时代护理缺失的现状：基于护士视角的横断面研究

Introduction: During the pandemic, crisis leadership is being tested in ways the world hasn’t seen in generations, and leading through it has become a severe challenge for leadership in public health organisation. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a self-administered questionnaire (Crisis Leadership Questionnaire, CLQ) to assess the challenges and competencies faced and needed in crisis leadership. Methods: The questionnaire describes the general sociodemographic data of the participant, assesses challenges in the organisation in the categories of structural (4 domain), political (3 domain), and cultural (3 domain), and also on the nine (9) competencies needed in crisis leadership. Ten (10) sociodemographic data-related questions with 90 questions (53 on the challenges and 37 on competencies) were reviewed by two experts for face validity, and exploratory factor analysis was performed, using principal axis factoring with Promax rotation, to establish the construct validity of the questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s α coefficient. Results: The final CLQ contained ten (10) sociodemographic questions, thirty-three (33) items focus on challenges categorized into structural (3 domains), political (2 domains), and cultural (3 domains) aspects, and twenty-two (22) items assess five key competencies required for crisis leadership. The content validity index (CVI) value is 0.96 for the challenges construct and 1.0 for the competencies construct, respectively, while the internal consistency reliability analysis (Cronbach’s alpha = &gt; 0.6) is for all the domains. Conclusion: The developed questionnaire will help better understand the challenges and competencies of crisis leadership for current and future preparedness.

Nachia Banu Abdul Rahim

Fredie Robinson

Aizuddin Hidrus

Rudi Nasib

Abraham En Loong Chiu

Primus John

Prabakaran Solomon Dhanaraj

Development and Validation of A Questionnaire Assessing Challenges and Competencies of Crisis Leadership in The Public Healthcare System

《公共医疗系统中危机领导力挑战与能力评估问卷的开发与验证》

Abbreviation	Asia Pac. J. Health Manag.
Journal Impact	0.60
Quartiles(Global)	HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: Australasian College of Health Service Management，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2018，Proportion of original research papers: 86.57%，Self Citation Rate:20.00%， Gold OA Rate: 68.44%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：9 Weeks

Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management

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