Acta Biologica Slovenica

There are more than 3000 species of wild mushrooms in Slovenia. These wild mushrooms represent a promising source of bioactive compounds that can also be used as a source of novel enzymes, thus offering potential economic benefits for a wide range of industries and medicine. In this work, the cellulase, xylanase, protease, and lipase activities were measured in aqueous extracts of 64 Slovenian wild mushrooms of different lifestyles (symbiotic, saprobic, parasitic). We have shown that many of the mushroom extracts tested contain a variety of specific hydrolases. Of the 64 wild mushroom extracts, 16 showed cellulase, 24 xylanase, 30 lipase, and five protease activities. These are the first reports of these enzymatic activities for some of the mushrooms tested.

Larisa Lara Popošek

Luka Šparl

Ivona Pleše

Matija Hrovatin

Drejc Flajnik

Kristina Sepčić

Matej Skočaj

Cellulase, xylanase, lipase, and protease activities of selected wild mushrooms from Slovenia

斯洛文尼亚精选野生蘑菇的纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性

In this paper, we present two significant records of bryophytes in Slovenia, Cryphaea heteromalla and Riccia cavernosa, which were found in new phytogeographical regions. We report the three new records of an isopod Armadillo officinalis, a species that has been considered possibly extinct in Slovenia, and a new record of bat, Plecotus macrobullaris, from the Julian Alps.

Aljaž Jakob

Laura Štampar

Žan Lobnik Cimerman

Simona Strgulc Krajšek

Miloš Vittori

Dren Dolničar

Significant records of plants, algae, fungi, and animals in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 3

东南欧及邻近地区植物、藻类、真菌和动物的重要记录，第3期

Escherichia coli is the most common type of Enterobacteriaceae family that causes urinary tract infections. This bacterium causes diseases due to its many virulence factors. During the study, (150) urine samples were collected for women with symptoms of UTIs aged between (20-50) years from 1/9/2021 to 1/4/2022. Forty-five isolates of E. coli were diagnosed using a biochemical test, a VITEK2 system, and molecular detection using traditional PCR. A molecular study was conducted on 25 of these isolates using conventional PCR and qRT-PCR to investigate the presence of genes included (16S rRNA, uidA, fimA and kpsMTII). The traditional PCR results showed the presence of both 16S rRNA and uidA gene in all 25 isolates of E. coli. In contrast, the results showed that 23 (92%) and 18 (72%) isolates possessed fimA and kpsMTII genes, respectively. Following the extraction of RNA from twenty-five pathogenic isolates of E. coli and ten non-pathogenic isolates, gene expression of fimA and kpsMTII was quantified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The observed fold change indicates a potential overexpression of the KSPMII and FimA genes in uropathogenic E. coli. The expression of the kpsMTII gene showed the highest level of folding with an average of 22.89 in the case of uropathogenic E.coli isolates compared with non-pathogenic isolates (control) with an average of 4.11. While the expression of the fimA gene with the highest level of fold change with an average of 90.52 in the case of uropathogenic E.coli isolates compared with non-pathogenic isolates (control) with an average of 0.94, Significant differences were observed among the isolates, as indicated by P values less than 0.05. This finding demonstrated that qRT-PCR detects genes that were expressed in comparison with traditional PCR. Also, qRT-PCR is a more sensitive and accurate assay than conventional PCR for determining the quantitative prevalence of E. coli in urine samples.

Zainab Hussein Mahdi

Lina S. Alsaadi

Zainab Amer Hatem

Saade Abdalkareem Jasim

Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolates from Women with Urinary Tract Infections

女性尿路感染大肠杆菌分离株毒力相关基因的定性与定量检测

This study aimed to understand the mechanism of resilience of the anatomical tissues of organs of the cashew tree in water deficit in the different climatic zones of Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this, samples of leaves and roots were taken from 55 cashew trees considered high producers (APHP) and 164 neighboring less productive trees (non-APHP) during the dry and rainy seasons. The technique of double staining with green-carmino made it possible to obtain anatomical sections of transversely cut samples under an optical microscope. The thicknesses and surface areas of the sections were measured using Image J software. The thickness of the leaves parenchymas of APHP trees did not show any variation according to the season while the stomatal density increased during the dry season. The thickness of the leaves cortical and medullary parenchymas of non-APHP trees did not show any variation according to the season too but the non-APHPs’ palisade parenchyma thickness increased while their lacunar parenchyma thickness decreased from 37 ± 1.5 mm to 36 ± 3.6 mm during the dry season. The thickness of leaves’ both sides epidermis increased while the thickness of xylem bundles decreased during the dry season to both APHP and non-APHP trees. The number of the roots’ xylem vessels of APHP trees increased from 11 to 27 vessels/mm2 while those of non-APHP trees increased from 15 to 41 vessels/mm2 during the rainy season. The surface area of the midrib medullary parenchyma of APHP trees increased from 4300 ± 837 mm2 to 5800 ± 412 mm2 while those of non-APHP trees increased from 3400 ± 809 mm2 to 5200 ± 993 mm2 during the dry season. The thicknesses of the tissues of APHPs remained greater than those of non-APHPs, regardless of the sampling season.

Abdoul Rahim Falk Ky

Mory Latif Konaté

N'Guessan François Kouamé

Impact of water deficit on the anatomical structure of more productive and less productive cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Côte d’Ivoire

科特迪瓦高产和低产腰果树（Anacardium occidentale L.）解剖结构对水分亏缺的响应

Slovensko društvo za mikroskopijo (https://sdm.mikroskopsko-drustvo.si/) že od leta 2015 redno organizira znanstveno-strokovna srečanja z naslovom 'Slovensko posvetovanje mikroskopistov'. Tako je 16. in 17. maja 2024 na Rogli potekalo že 5. slovensko posvetovanje mikroskopistov, povzetki vseh prispevkov so dostopni na strani: https://www.mikroskopsko-drustvo.si/posvet/knjiga-povzetkov-book-of-abstracts/

Nada Žnidaršič

Rok Kostanjšek

Polona Mrak

5. slovensko posvetovanje mikroskopistov

5. 斯洛文尼亚显微学家会议

Soil mesofauna plays a key role in maintaining soil health by supporting the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling and the maintenance of soil structure. In this study of Slovenian agricultural ecosystems, we used four modifications of the QBS index based on soil mesofauna. Its diversity in arable fields under different tillage intensities, a strawberry field and an orchard, managed with either organic or integrated pest management methods (IPM). The results show significant differences in the mesofaunal communities in the soil. Minimum tillage promoted higher biodiversity, especially of Collembola, compared to conventional tillage. In fruit production systems the ratio of Collembola to Acarina differed from that of arable fields, skewing in favour of Collembola, possibly related to the use of copper-containing pesticides in organic orchards and systemic herbicides in IPM systems. The QBS index values for soil health varied considerably between systems. Only QBS modifications considering the abundances of organisms (QBS-ab and QBS-a) were able to distinguish between different system-management groups. This study provides insights into the limitations of the originally proposed QBS-ar index to discern effects of farming intensity on soil mesofaunal community. Results suggests that minimum tillage and organic management practises can promote healthier soil ecosystems emphasizing the importance of sustainable soil management for the promotion of soil biodiversity. Future research should aim to incorporate a broader range of agricultural practises and assignation of fauna to a higher taxonomic rank to further explain the effects on soil mesofauna diversity.

Vid Naglič

Nataša Šibanc

Tine Grebenc

Irena Bertoncelj

Soil Mesofauna Diversity in Agricultural Systems of Slovenia using QBS Index and its Modifications

斯洛文尼亚农业系统中土壤中型节肢动物多样性及其QBS指数与改良方法

Publication Information	Publisher: Univerza v Ljubljani，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:
Average review cycle	16 weeks

Acta Biologica Slovenica

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Cellulase, xylanase, lipase, and protease activities of selected wild mushrooms from Slovenia

Significant records of plants, algae, fungi, and animals in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 3

Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolates from Women with Urinary Tract Infections

Impact of water deficit on the anatomical structure of more productive and less productive cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Côte d’Ivoire

5. slovensko posvetovanje mikroskopistov

Cellulase, xylanase, lipase, and protease activities of selected wild mushrooms from Slovenia

Significant records of plants, algae, fungi, and animals in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 3

Impact of water deficit on the anatomical structure of more productive and less productive cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Côte d’Ivoire

Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolates from Women with Urinary Tract Infections

Soil Mesofauna Diversity in Agricultural Systems of Slovenia using QBS Index and its Modifications