The journal Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems (BAMS), edited by the Jagiellonian University Medical College, provides a forum for the exchange of information in the interdisciplinary fields of computational methods applied in medicine, presenting new algorithms and databases that allows the progress in collaborations between medicine, informatics, physics, and biochemistry. Projects linking specialists representing these disciplines are welcome to be published in this Journal. Articles in BAMS are published in English.    Topics  Bioinformatics  Systems biology  Telemedicine  E-Learning in Medicine  Patient's electronic record  Image processing  Medical databases.

The journal Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems (BAMS), edited by the Jagiellonian University Medical College, aims to provide a platform for the exchange of information in the interdisciplinary application of computational methods in medicine. It showcases new algorithms and databases that facilitate collaboration among medicine, informatics, physics, and biochemistry. Projects involving specialists from these disciplines are welcome for publication in this journal. Articles in BAMS are published in English.

《Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems》期刊由雅盖隆大学医学院编辑，旨在为计算方法在医学领域的跨学科应用提供信息交流的平台。该期刊展示了新的算法和数据库，促进医学、信息学、物理学和生物化学之间的合作。欢迎与这些学科相关的专家项目在本期刊上发表。BAMS的文章均以英语发表。

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

Abstract This short review summarizes the issue of boron distribution monitoring in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which remains a serious drawback of this powerful oncological treatment. Here we present the monitoring methods that are presently used with particular emphasis on the positron emission tomography (PET) which has the highest potential to be used for the real-time monitoring of boron biodistribution. We discuss the possibility of using present PET scanners to determine the boron uptake in vivo before the BNCT treatment with the use of p -boronphenylalanine (BPA) labeled with 18 F isotope. Several examples of preclinical studies and clinical trials performed with the use of [ 18 F]FBPA are shown. We also discuss shortly the perspectives of using other radiotracers and boron carriers which may significantly improve the boron imaging with the use of the state-of-the-art Total-Body PET scanners providing a theranostic approach in the BNCT.

Michał Silarski

Katarzyna Dziedzic-Kocurek

Monika Szczepanek

Combined BNCT and PET for theranostics

结合BNCT与PET用于治疗诊断学

Abstract In this partial review and partial attempt at vision of what may be the future of dedicated brain PET scanners, the key implementations of the PET technique, we postulate that we are still on a development path and there is still a lot to be done in order to develop optimal brain imagers. Optimized for particular imaging tasks and protocols, and also mobile, that can be used outside the PET center, in addition to the expected improvements in sensitivity and resolution. For this multi-application concept to be more practical, flexible, adaptable designs are preferred. This task is greatly facilitated by the improved TOF performance that allows for more open, adjustable, limited angular coverage geometries without creating image artifacts. As achieving uniform very high resolution in the whole body is not practical due to technological limits and high costs, hybrid systems using a moderate-resolution total body scanner (such as J-PET) combined with a very high performing brain imager could be a very attractive approach. As well, as using magnification inserts in the total body or long-axial length imagers to visualize selected targets with higher resolution. In addition, multigamma imagers combining PET with Compton imaging should be developed to enable multitracer imaging.

Stan Majewski

Perspectives of brain imaging with PET systems

PET系统脑成像的展望

Abstract Total body positron emission tomography (PET) systems are being developed by different groups worldwide. These systems have potential to change the number of applications in which molecular imaging is used. The change from a short axial field of view (FOV) to a longer one is however associated with a linear increase in the cost of these systems. This may limit their application to a small number of centers (capable of obtaining sufficient research funding). Therefore it remains interesting to see if lower cost systems can be developed and bring total body PET to the clinic for an acceptable budget. The wider availability of this low cost system can also enable more researchers to further optimize and explore the full potential of total body PET.

Stefaan Vandenberghe

Progress and perspectives in total body PET systems instrumentation

全身PET系统仪器的发展与展望

Abstract In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of high sensitivity total-body PET systems and the invention of the method of positronium imaging , open realistic perspectives for the application of positronium as a biomarker for in-vivo assessment of the degree of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a state or condition, in which the availability of oxygen is not sufficient to support physiological processes in tissue and organs. Positronium is a metastable atom formed from electron and positron which is copiously produced in the intramolecular spaces in the living organisms undergoing positron emission tomography (PET). Properties of positronium, such as e.g., lifetime, depend on the size of intramolecular spaces and the concentration in them of oxygen molecules. Therefore, information on the partial pressure of oxygen (pO 2 ) in the tissue may be derived from the positronium lifetime measurement. The partial pressure of oxygen differs between healthy and cancer tissues in the range from 10 to 50 mmHg. Such differences of pO 2 result in the change of ortho-positronium lifetime e.g., in water by about 2–7 ps. Thus, the application of positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia requires the determination of the mean positronium lifetime with the resolution in the order of 2 ps. We argue that such resolution is in principle achievable for organ-wise positronium imaging with the total-body PET systems.

Paweł Moskal

Ewa Ł. Stępień

Positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia

正电子素作为缺氧的生物标志物

PET is an established medical diagnostic imaging method. Continuous improvements are aimed at refining image reconstruction, reducing the amount of radioactive tracer and combining with targeted therapy. TOF-PET provides the localization of the tracer through improved time resolution, nuclear physics may contribute to this goal via selection of radioactive nuclei emitting additional $\gamma$-rays. This additional radiation, when properly detected, localizes the decay of the tracer at the line of response determined by two detected 511 keV quanta. Selected candidates are presented. Some are particularly interesting, as they are strong candidates for theranostic applications.

Tomasz Matulewicz

Radioactive nuclei forβ+γPET and theranostics: selected candidates

用于β+γPET和治疗诊断学的放射性核素：精选候选者

&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; We aimed to reveal awareness of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) among clinical year students (fourth, fifth, and sixth years in undergraduate medical training) in a medical school.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This was a descriptive study. The participants were clinical year medical students in a medical school. We developed an electronic survey form on blockchain, Holochain, and other DLTs. Self-perceived knowledge levels on DLTs and Web3 were solicited, as well as DLT-based cryptocurrency-related questions to understand their practical involvement. This approach was taken because, while DLTs are used in healthcare and education, their most common application is in cryptocurrencies. We reported descriptive statistics.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Total number of participants was 546. Of the students, 74.7% have never heard of blockchain, and 86.3% have never heard of Holochain. DLTs such as DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), Hashgraph, and Tempo have never been heard of by over 90% of the students. 75.3% stated they are worried about the security and privacy of their data on the internet. 20.3% of the students stated that they have purchased a cryptocurrency at least once, 7.9% used a cryptocurrency wallet where they hold its private key, and 6.8% used a decentralized exchange. If there were an elective course on DLTs in the faculty, 54.8% of the students would be willing to take this course.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; DLT and Web3 awareness among medical students is low. However, there is an interest in taking an elective course on these technologies. In order to create awareness, medical schools could leverage this interest to learn more about Web3 solutions.&lt;/br&gt;

Yavuz Selim Kıyak

Işıl İrem Budakoğlu

Özlem Coşkun

Blockchain, Holochain, and OtherDistributed Ledger Technologies:Web3 Awareness, Privacy Concerns,and Cryptocurrency Use AmongStudents in a Medical School

区块链、Holochain及其他分布式账本技术：医学院学生对Web3的认知、隐私担忧及加密货币使用情况

The structure of a multi-drug efflux system (specifically the outer membrane part) is the focus of our analysis. The role of electrostatic interactions in the efflux process is well understood. The distribution of hydrophobicity in the periplasmic and membrane domains plays a significant role in both stabilisation within the membrane and in tunnel formation, which facilitates the transport of antibiotics. The analysis presented in this paper reveals the specificity of hydrophobicity distribution in relation to biological activity, as well as a possible mechanism for the folding process of proteins involved in multi-drug efflux. Our analysis is made possible by the application of the fuzzy oil drop model in its modified form (FOD-M).

Irena Roterman

Leszek Konieczny

Katarzyna Stapor

The outer-membrane componentof the multi-drug efflux system –a structural analysis based onhydrophobicity distribution

多药外排系统的外膜组分——基于疏水性分布的结构分析

This work describes an investigation into the utilization of convolutional neural networks for the classification of three-photon coincidences, focusing specifically on the para-positronium decay associated with a photon from nuclear deexcitation. The data were simulated using the Monte Carlo method, with scandium-44 as the source of β&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; decays. A preprocessing method that allowed for initial cleaning of the training data was described. Subsequently, the parameters of the method for transforming tabular data into images were optimized. Finally, the created images were used to train a binary classifier using a convolutional network model. The developed data preprocessing step and transformation method into image format enabled the achievement of a precision rate of 52% at a sensitivity level of 95%, which was a 10 percentage point improvement compared to the logistic regression model.

Paweł Konieczka

Lech Raczyński

Wojciech Wiślicki

Convolutional neural networks in the classification of multiphoton coincidences in a J-PET scanner

J-PET扫描仪中多光子符合事件分类的卷积神经网络

Recently, a novel PET imaging method – positronium imaging – has been proposed to take advantage of previously unused information about the positronium states. The first &lt;i&gt;ex-vivo&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in-vivo&lt;/i&gt; images of positronium characteristics were acquired with the J-PET tomograph. Complementary to the standard annihilation photon’s detection, positronium imaging also requires the registration of the prompt photon, which follows β+ decay. To that end, the introduction of an additional energy threshold for prompt γ registration and optimization of the energy window for annihilation γ are required. This simulation-based work undertook the mentioned task in the case of the modular J-PET scanner. Based on the &lt;sup&gt;44&lt;/sup&gt;Sc radioisotope, the energy window for annihilation photons was established to 0.2 MeV – 0.37 MeV, while the threshold for prompt gamma was fixed at 0.37 MeV, closely following the end of the energy window for annihilation photons.

Szymon Parzych

Optimization of positronium imaging performance of simulated modular J-PET scanner using GATE software

使用GATE软件对模拟模块化J-PET扫描仪的正电子素成像性能进行优化

We present an algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations of positron tracks in biological materials. The algorithm takes into account the cross-section data for elastic and inelastic collisions between positrons and molecules and processes like direct annihilation, ionization and positronium formation. In the case of positronium formation, the algorithm considers the interactions of positronium with molecules. The algorithm can be used to identify the processes that are responsible to determine the lifetime of the positrons and their annihilation mechanism (direct or through positronium formation).

ISSN	1895-9091, 1896-530X
h-index	14

涉及主题	计算机科学医学生物心理学物理人工智能工程类数学
出版信息	出版商: Walter de Gruyter，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2012，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 8.47%

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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