BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR 是一份经过同行评审的双月刊，发表使用神经影像学方法的临床相关研究，以增强我们对高级脑功能障碍的理解。该杂志面向关注人类大脑行为关系领域的临床医生和研究人员，例如神经心理学、精神病学、神经病学、神经外科、康复和认知神经科学。

Brain Imaging and Behavior is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly journal that publishes clinically relevant research utilizing neuroimaging methods to enhance our understanding of higher brain function disorders. The journal is aimed at clinicians and researchers interested in the relationship between the human brain and behavior, including fields such as neuropsychology, psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, rehabilitation, and cognitive neuroscience.

《Brain Imaging and Behavior》是一本经过同行评审的双月刊，专注于发表使用神经影像学方法的临床相关研究，旨在加深我们对高级脑功能障碍的理解。该期刊面向关注人类大脑与行为关系的临床医生和研究人员，包括神经心理学、精神病学、神经病学、神经外科、康复和认知神经科学等领域。

Brain Imaging and Behavior

Few research publications have reported on gender-dependent neural correlates of risk decision-making in older adults. In this study, we utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to comprehensively investigate both age- and gender-dependent differences in neural correlates in response to a well-utilized risk decision-making protocol, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART). A newly-developed technique, atlas-guided diffuse optical tomography (atlas-DOT), was used to image the prefrontal cortices (PFC) of healthy subjects in two age groups (25-40 years; 60-92 years) using BART stimulation. The behavioral measures and brain activations imaged by atlas-DOT were recorded and compared for both age groups. Three-factor analysis of variance was conducted to include all effects of age (young, old), gender (male, female), case (win, lose) and their interactions for both behavioral and hemodynamic responses. The results indicated age differences in cortical activation patterns, activation amplitudes, and brain-behavior correlations. Larger areas of cortical activation with reduced amplitudes in the PFC were observed in older adults when they performed BART. Brain-behavior correlations indicated that young adults took more risks, whereas older adults were more risk-averse. Results also revealed a gender effect in young adults, but not in older adults. Both male and female older adults demonstrated strong PFC responses and the same risk-averse patterns under lose outcomes. This is the first study to examine the neural correlates of risk decisions in older adults by optical brain imaging.

Lin Li

Mary Cazzell

Li Zeng

Hanli Liu

Brain imaging and behavior

Brain Imaging Behav

Are there gender differences in young vs. aging brains under risk decision-making? An optical brain imaging study.

风险决策下年轻与衰老大脑是否存在性别差异？一项光学脑成像研究。

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder accompanied by structural and functional changes in the brain. However, the relationship between brain structure and function in children with ASD remains largely obscure. In the current study, parallel independent component analysis (pICA) was performed to identify inter-modality associations by drawing on information from different modalities. Structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 105 children with ASD and 102 typically developing children (obtained from the open-access Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database) were combined through the pICA framework. Features of structural and functional modalities were represented by the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), respectively. The relationship between the structural and functional components derived from the pICA was investigated by Pearson's correlation analysis, and between-group differences in these components were analyzed through the two-sample t-test. Finally, multivariate support vector regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the structural/functional components and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) subscores in the ASD group. This study found a significant association between VBM and ALFF components in ASD. Significant between-group differences were detected in the loading coefficients of the VBM component. Furthermore, the ALFF component loading coefficients predicted the subscores of communication and repetitive stereotypic behaviors of the ADOS. Likewise, the VBM component loading coefficients predicted the ADOS communication subscore in ASD. These findings provide evidence of a link between brain function and structure, yielding new insights into the neural mechanisms of ASD.

Huibin Lu

Sha Wang

Le Gao

Zaifa Xue

Jing Liu

Xiaoxia Niu

Rongjuan Zhou

Xiaonan Guo

Links between brain structure and function in children with autism spectrum disorder by parallel independent component analysis

自闭症谱系障碍儿童脑结构与功能关联的并行独立成分分析

Up to one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate persistent cognitive deficits in the 'executive' function domain. Mild TBI patients have shown prefrontal cortex activity deficits during the performance of executive tasks requiring active information maintenance and manipulation. However, it is unclear whether these deficits are related to the executive processes themselves, or to the degree of mental effort. To determine whether prefrontal deficits also would be found during less effortful forms of executive ability, fMRI images were obtained on 31 mild TBI patients and 31 control participants during three-stimulus auditory oddball task performance. Although patients and controls had similar topographical patterns of brain activity, region-of-interest analysis revealed significantly decreased activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for mild TBI patients during target stimulus detection. Between-group analyses found evidence for potential compensatory brain activity during target detection and default-mode network dysfunction only during the detection of novel stimuli.

Suzanne T Witt

David W Lovejoy

Godfrey D Pearlson

Michael C Stevens

Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task.

轻度创伤性脑损伤患者在执行听觉奇异任务时前额叶皮层活动减少。

Yan Shao

Guangyuan Zou

Serik Tabarak

Jie Chen

Xuejiao Gao

Ping Yao

Jiayi Liu

Yuezhen Li

Nana Xiong

Wen Pan

Mengying Ma

Shuqin Zhou

Jing Xu

Yundong Ma

Jiahui Deng

Qiqing Sun

Yanping Bao

Wei Sun

Jie Shi

Qihong Zou

Jia-Hong Gao

Hongqiang Sun

Correction to: Spindle‑related brain activation in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG‑fMRI study.

更正：失眠障碍患者纺锤波相关脑激活：一项EEG-fMRI研究。

The perception of self and others is a key aspect of social cognition. In order to investigate the neurobiological basis of this distinction we reviewed two classes of task that study self-awareness and awareness of others (theory of mind, ToM). A reliable task to measure self-awareness is the recognition of one's own face in contrast to the recognition of others' faces. False-belief tasks are widely used to identify neural correlates of ToM as a measure of awareness of others. We performed an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis, using the fMRI literature on self-face recognition and false-belief tasks. The brain areas involved in performing false-belief tasks were the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), bilateral temporo-parietal junction, precuneus, and the bilateral middle temporal gyrus. Distinct self-face recognition regions were the right superior temporal gyrus, the right parahippocampal gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate cortex, and the left inferior parietal lobe. Overlapping brain areas were the superior temporal gyrus, and the more ventral parts of the MPFC. We confirmed that self-recognition in contrast to recognition of others' faces, and awareness of others involves a network that consists of separate, distinct neural pathways, but also includes overlapping regions of higher order prefrontal cortex where these processes may be combined. Insights derived from the neurobiology of disorders such as autism and schizophrenia are consistent with this notion.

Susanne J van Veluw

Steven A Chance

Differentiating between self and others: an ALE meta-analysis of fMRI studies of self-recognition and theory of mind.

区分自我与他人：自我识别与心智理论的fMRI研究ALE元分析

Neuroimaging studies revealed that smoking is associated with abnormal white matter (WM) microstructure. However, results are controversial, and the impact of smoking on the WM integrity in young smokers is still unclear. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate the smoking-related WM alterations in young adult smokers. One hundred and twenty-six subjects (60 current smokers and 66 nonsmokers) aged 18-29 years participated in the study. The tract-based spatial statistics with multiple diffusion indices was applied to explore diffusivity patterns associated with smoking. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate relationships between fractional anisotropy (FA) and smoking-related variables in young adult smokers. Compared with nonsmokers, young adult smokers showed higher FA dominantly in the anterior cerebral WM regions, while lower FA mainly in the posterior cerebral WM areas. The dominant diffusivity pattern for regions with larger FA was characterized by lower radial and axial diffusion (Dr and Da), while in areas with smaller FA, higher Dr without significant difference in Da was the main diffusivity pattern. Moreover, diffusion indices in the genu and body of the corpus callosum were related with smoking-related variables. Our findings indicate that smoking may have differential effects on the WM integrity in the anterior and posterior parts of the brain, and may also accelerate brain aging in young adult smokers.

Lei Jiang

Xu Han

Yao Wang

Weina Ding

Yawen Sun

Yan Zhou

Fuchun Lin

Anterior and posterior cerebral white matter show different patterns of microstructural alterations in young adult smokers

青年成年吸烟者前后脑白质微结构改变呈现不同模式

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects nearly half of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the structural heterogeneity within the brainstem, which regulates REM sleep, remains largely unexplored in PD. Our objective was to identify distinct PD subtypes based on microstructural characteristics in the brainstem and examine their associations with the severity of RBD. Data, including diffusion tensor imaging and REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) responses, were obtained from 124 PD patients and 61 healthy controls through the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database. Mean Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) values, representing axonal density, were extracted from 14 brainstem tracts and input into the semi-supervised machine learning algorithm, Heterogeneity through Discriminative Analysis (HYDRA), to cluster subtypes. Applying HYDRA, we identified two distinct PD subtypes (Subtype 1: n = 66, Subtype 2: n = 58). Subtype 2 exhibited reduced QA across assessed brainstem tracts and significantly higher RBDSQ scores than Subtype 1 and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Conversely, Subtype 1, characterized by lower RBDSQ scores, exhibited increased QA, notably in the right medial longitudinal fasciculus, when compared to Subtype 2 and controls (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that heterogeneous axonal damage in brainstem circuits correlates with variations in RBD severity, providing insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of early PD.

Anupa A Vijayakumari

Ken E Sakaie

Hubert H Fernandez

Benjamin L Walter

Parkinson’s disease subtypes and their association with probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder severity: a brainstem tractography and machine learning investigation

帕金森病亚型及其与可能的快速眼动睡眠行为障碍严重程度的关联：一项基于脑干纤维束成像和机器学习的研究

Agitation is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. The occurrence of agitation may be related to orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction. However, due to methodological heterogeneity, the relationship between agitation and orbitofrontal cortex subregions remains unclear. Based on the multi-dimensional structure of the orbitofrontal cortex subregion, this study aims to explore the relationship between orbitofrontal cortex structure and agitation in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. The study subjects included 50 first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls. All participants underwent structure magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The patients' clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the agitation were evaluated using the Brief Agitation Rating Scale. SPSS 26.0 was used to compare the differences in the orbitofrontal cortex subregion between the two groups in different structure dimensions and then conduct a Pearson's partial correlations analysis to observe the relationship between orbitofrontal cortex subregion structure and agitation. There were no significant differences in demographic factors between the two groups. Our results show the folding index of the orbitofrontal cortex subregion in patients with schizophrenia were significantly smaller compared to the healthy controls. The surface area in the orbitofrontal cortex subregion is significantly negatively correlated with agitation in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. These results suggest that structure alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex subregion may be involved in schizophrenia agitation.

Yingbo Dong

Congxin Chen

Yuting Li

Peiyu Cao

Yilin Tang

Guoxin Xu

Qi Si

Runda Li

Yuxiu Sui

The study on agitation and structure of orbitofrontal cortex subregion in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia

首发未用药精神分裂症患者眶额皮质亚区活动与结构的研究

The study aimed to examine alterations in surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and to investigate their relationships with visual function and molecular profiling. A total of 70 POAG patients and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI scans. The differences between POAG and HCs groups were compared by two-sample t-test. Spearman's correlation analyses assessed the relationship between ALFF/fALFF values and ophthalmic parameters. Spatial correlation analysis of the patients-control difference map with brain imaging data further explores underlying neurobiological mechanisms. POAG patients displayed altered brain activity compared to HCs, including decreased ALFF/fALFF in the visual network and increased in the frontoparietal and default mode networks. They exhibited reduced fALFF in the somatomotor network and increased ALFF in the dorsal and ventral attention networks. These changes are linked to neurotransmitter systems, with fALFF particularly associated with the dopamine system. Moreover, the altered ALFF/fALFF in brain regions related to vision and attention - the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, paracentral lobule, and frontal lobe correlated with ophthalmic examination parameters. Surface-based ALFF/fALFF in POAG decreased in visual processing regions and increased in brain regions related to cognitive control, working memory, and attention. These changes were linked to neurotransmitter distributions important for emotional stability and mental health, potentially informing treatment approaches for POAG patients.

Zihan Chai

Bingbing Yang

Xiaoxia Qu

Ting Li

Qian Wang

Junfang Xian

Alterations in surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations primary open-angle glaucoma link to neurotransmitter profiling and visual impairment severity

基于表面的低频波动振幅改变与原发性开角型青光眼神经递质特征及视觉损害严重程度的关系

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pervasive mental disorder that significantly impairs functional capabilities, underscoring the necessity for precise stratification of its severity to facilitate tailored treatment. This study investigated the utility of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data as a neuroimaging biomarker to differentiate varying severities of MDD in a sample drawn from the REST-meta-MDD project, which included 392 first-episode MDD patients and 440 healthy controls (HC) from 9 sites. Patients were classified into mild to moderate and severe depression groups according to the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores. VMHC differences between these subgroups and their associations with HAMD scores were further examined. The results revealed significant reductions in VMHC within the fusiform gyrus for patients with mild to moderate depression compared to HCs, alongside more extensive reductions across the insula, postcentral gyrus, and angular gyrus in severe depression. Notably, increased VMHC in the middle cingulate cortex was identified in severe MDD patients relative to those with mild to moderate depression, with this increase showed a significant positive correlation with the HAMD scores. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that VMHC values in these regions effectively differentiate patients from HCs and across varying severities of MDD. These findings suggest that VMHC could serve as a valuable metric for clinical diagnosis and the stratification of depression severity, providing insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms associated with the disorder.

Jie Ding

Junfeng Peng

Qian Zhang

Influence of depression severity on interhemispheric functional integration: an analysis from the REST-meta-MDD database

抑郁症严重程度对半球间功能整合的影响：基于REST-meta-MDD数据库的分析

Abbreviation	Brain. Imaging. Behav.
Journal Impact	2.27
Quartiles(Global)	NEUROIMAGING(Q2)

ISSN	1931-7557, 1931-7565
h-index	68

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer New York，Publishing cycle: Quarterly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2007，Proportion of original research papers: 90.26%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 26.11%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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