涵盖的主题包括急性和慢性肌肉骨骼疾病和疼痛、涉及中枢和周围神经系统的神经系统疾病、成人和儿童残疾相关损伤的康复，以及神经生理学和电诊断。 PM&R 强调损伤、功能和康复的原则，旨在与各种医学和外科专业以及康复学科（包括专职医疗）的从业者和研究人员相关。

This journal covers topics including acute and chronic musculoskeletal diseases and pain, neurological disorders involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, rehabilitation of injuries related to disabilities in adults and children, as well as neurophysiology and electrodiagnosis. PM&R emphasizes the principles of injury, function, and rehabilitation, aiming to connect with practitioners and researchers across various medical and surgical specialties, as well as rehabilitation disciplines, including those in specialized medical fields.

本期刊涵盖急性和慢性肌肉骨骼疾病及疼痛、涉及中枢和周围神经系统的神经疾病、成人和儿童残疾相关的康复损伤，以及神经生理学和电诊断等主题。PM&R 强调损伤、功能和康复的原则，旨在与各类医学和外科专业以及康复学科（包括专职医疗）的从业者和研究人员建立联系。

PM and R

Clinical practice guidelines encourage primary care providers (PCPs) to recommend nonpharmacologic treatment as first-line therapy for low back pain (LBP). However, the determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use for LBP in primary care remain unclear, particularly in low-income settings.

Eric J. Roseen

Christopher Joyce

Sophie Winbush

Natalie Pavco‐Luttschwager

Natalia E. Morone

Robert B. Saper

Stephen Bartels

Kushang V. Patel

Julie J. Keysor

Jonathan F. Bean

Lance D. Laird

PM&R

Primary care barriers and facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain: A qualitative pilot study

初级保健中非药物治疗下腰痛的障碍与促进因素：一项定性试点研究

Abstract Background Despite advances in imaging techniques and treatment modalities, tools to predict recovery after stroke remain limited. The objective of the study was to determine if transcranial Doppler (TCD) mean flow velocities were predictive of functional recovery following ischemic stroke. Methods Data were collected from patients with stroke admitted to an academic tertiary care facility in the southeastern region of the United States between 2012 and 2019 who had a middle cerebral artery distribution ischemic stroke, TCD, and were discharged to our inpatient rehabilitation facility. Mean flow velocities were categorized as low (&lt;40 cm/s), normal (40–80 cm/s), or high (&gt;80 cm/s). Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were collected on admission to and discharge from IPR. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the differences in mean FIM score changes by categories of mean flow velocities. Results We enrolled 57 patients, mean age 60 years, 73.7% male. Compared to the normal velocity group, those with abnormally low velocities had a significantly smaller change in their FIM score (adjusted β = −8.42; p = .01). Compared to the normal velocity group, those with abnormally high velocities experienced a greater change in FIM score, but this association was not statistically significant (beta = 1.12; p = .77). Conclusions In this limited population, we found that low mean flow velocity as measured by TCD ultrasonography after a middle cerebral artery stroke is associated with poorer functional recovery following inpatient rehabilitation. Our results suggest that the value of TCD ultrasonography as a tool to predict motor recovery after stroke warrants further investigation.

Nina Navalkar

Kristen Sandefer

Hely Nanavati

Chen Lin

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography can predict inpatient rehabilitation functional outcome in patients with stroke

经颅多普勒超声可预测卒中患者的住院康复功能结局

Post-hip fracture knee pain (PHFKP) is an important issue that contributes to reduced gait speed and prolonged hospitalization. Femoral morphology has been reported to contribute to the development of PHFKP, but an independent association has not been confirmed and clinically applicable cutoffs for predicting the development of PHFKP remain unclear.To determine whether femoral morphology and knee extension range of motion limitation are independent factors in PHFKP and to determine cutoffs for predicting the development of PHFKP.Retrospective chart review study.Convalescent inpatient rehabilitation hospital.Patients in a convalescent ward after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery.PHFKP development, radiographic femoral morphology (leg length discrepancy and neck-shaft angle), and knee extension range of motion limitation.PHFKP developed in 36 (35%) of the 103 patients enrolled. The PHFKP group had a longer hospital stay (p = .029), greater weight (p = .031), greater knee extension range of motion limitation (p = .001), and more varus neck-shaft angle (p < .001) compared to the non-PHFKP group. Varus neck-shaft angle (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.92; p < .001) and knee extension range of motion limitation (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30; p = .001) were significant factors for PHFKP development. Neck-shaft angle discrepancy and knee extension range of motion limitation demonstrated moderate accuracy in discriminating development of PHFKP according to receiver operating characteristic analysis, with cutoffs of 9.6° and 7.5°, respectively. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.66-0.88; p < .001) for neck-shaft angle discrepancy and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56-0.79; p = .004) for knee extension range of motion limitation.Varus neck-shaft angle and knee extension range of motion limitation were identified as independent predictors of PHFKP. The cutoff for neck-shaft angle may be useful for predicting PHFKP development and to define an acceptable angle of fracture reduction to prevent PHFKP.

Yoichi Kaizu

Kazuhiro Miyata

Hironori Arii

Predictors of post‐hip fracture knee pain in hospitalized older adults with intertrochanteric femoral fracture

髋部骨折后住院老年股骨转子间骨折患者膝关节疼痛的预测因素

Local anesthetics, such as the 5% transdermal lidocaine patch (5LP), have been frequently used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, especially chronic low back pain (CLBP). This review compiles the literature available on the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 5LP when used for the management of CLBP. A systematic search method revealed seven articles that fit the inclusion criteria. For each study, efficacy, effectiveness, and adverse events data were extracted. We found no randomized controlled trials with substantial evidence to support the use of 5LP in CLBP, despite the presence of nonrandomized noncontrolled trials suggesting its effectiveness for relief of pain. Future randomized controlled trials with clinically useful outcomes are needed to assess the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 5LP for CLBP more appropriately.

Javier A. Santana

Scott Klass

Elizabeth R. Felix

The Efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of 5% Transdermal Lidocaine Patch for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review

Erek Latzka

Malia Cali

Latzka and Cali reply

拉茨卡和卡利回复

Abstract Background Dry needling (DN) has been demonstrated as an effective treatment for patients with fibromyalgia (FM). It is crucial to take into consideration catastrophizing, a psychological construct that could potentially undermine the short‐term efficacy of DN. Objective To analyze the effects of DN in the infraspinatus muscle on both local and remote pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and its relationship with baseline levels of pain catastrophizing in patients with FM. Design Randomized controlled trial. Methods All participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: DN, sham DN, and no intervention. Hong's fast‐in and fast‐out technique was implemented during the DN intervention. Main Outcomes Measures The primary study outcome pain sensitivity (local and remote PPTs) was assessed at baseline, immediately post, and 24 h post intervention to evaluate short‐term effect. Pain catastrophizing was measured at baseline in all participants using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. To analyze the effect of DN on local and remote PPTs, an analysis of covariance was performed using catastrophism as covariate. Additionally, to examine the possible influence of catastrophism on local PPTs ratings in the subsequent assessment we performed a moderation analysis. Patients A total of 120 women diagnosed with FM. However, during the follow‐up period, 24 participants discontinued their involvement, leaving a final cohort of 96 patients who successfully concluded the study. Results DN showed significant differences in both local PPTs immediately post intervention and 24 h post intervention (MD [95% confidence interval] = 3.21 [0.40–6.02] kg/cm 2 , p = .019; and 2.84 [0.10–5.58] kg/cm 2 , p = .039, respectively) compared to sham and no‐intervention groups. In addition, DN group results suggest that moderate values of catastrophizing (&lt;35) diminish the effect of DN immediately postintervention. Conclusions The infraspinatus DN led to a notable reduction in local PPTs among individuals with FM. Additionally, the effectiveness of the DN treatment was influenced by pain catastrophizing.

J. Vicente‐Mampel

I. J. Bautista

I. Salvat

S. Maroto‐Izquierdo

E. Lluch Girbés

F. Ros Bernal

Dry needling in people with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial of its effects on pain sensitivity and pain catastrophizing influence

纤维肌痛患者中的干针疗法：一项关于其对疼痛敏感性和疼痛灾难化影响的随机对照试验

We read with great interest the article entitled "Autonomic Dysreflexia: Current Pharmacologic Management"1. This article illustrates several important findings, not least among them that 98% of United States-based physicians use nitroglycerin ointment as their first-line medication to manage autonomic dysreflexia (AD). This is likely unsurprising to the majority of readers of PM&R. What may be more surprising though is that nitroglycerin ointment has not largely been available in Canada since 2018 (due to drug shortages) and has never been widely available throughout Latin America. AD is a firmly established complication of spinal cord injury (SCI) and despite past advocated use of other medications (nifedipine, prazosin, captopril, etc.), nitroglycerin ointment is the most widely studied and recommended. We find numerous benefits in using it including, but not limited to, its short half-life that helps prevent hypotension once the AD triggering event has resolved and its ease of application. With other antihypertensives, the risk of hypotension following resolution of AD is constantly present. Additionally, the delayed onset of these medications can lead to an inability to bring down the blood pressure in timely fashion, putting the patient at higher risk for consequences such as stroke, myocardial ischemia, and death. Nitroglycerin ointment is recommended by the Paralyzed Veterans of America Clinical Practice Guideline2 and the Canadian Spinal Cord Injury Practice Guideline.3 These recommendations are used in the 26 specialized facilities designated for traumatic SCI care in Canada.4 Despite these recommendation in Canada, this medication is only rarely available and only in the inpatient setting. In Latin America, a region of the world with more than 600 million inhabitants but only about 6000 physiatrists,5 access to SCI care and medications such as nitroglycerin ointment is variable. This study formalizes anecdotal experience from colleagues in the region where nitroglycerin ointment is not locally available and, often, not known about. We believe it is important to keep in mind that, just as the medication is not familiar to most, AD as a clinical entity is also less known. To this point, in a survey the Americas Committee of the American Spinal Injury Association conducted in 2020 of more than 700 health care providers in Latin America who work with individuals with SCI, focused SCI training commonly totaled between 2 hours and 2 weeks. Pairing with these barriers, the average cost of nitroglycerin ointment in the United States is $47. With mean monthly incomes in Latin America ranging from $183 in Venezuela to $1040 in Uruguay, this may be financially out of reach for many patients. Facing the unavailability of nitroglycerin ointment and the risk associated with oral pharmaceutical agents, research should examine these alternative treatments and their repercussions for the emergent management of hypertension related to AD. Further, we strongly recommend pursuing action that makes medications like nitroglycerin ointment more available and affordable to individuals with SCI in need throughout the Americas. Through advocacy, research, and dialogue both with political entities and not-for-profit groups, this may be accomplished. None.

Isaac Hernandez Jimenez

Andréane Richard‐Denis

Re: Autonomic dysreflexia: Current pharmacologic management

关于自主神经反射异常：当前的药物管理

Jasmina Solankee

Srivats Srinivasan

Russell Payne

Haibi Cai

PM R

Neuromuscular ultrasound in delayed sciatic neuropathy following hamstring tear

腘绳肌撕裂后迟发性坐骨神经病变中的肌电超声研究

Abstract Background Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common cause of shoulder disability. Interventional procedures are used along with many other treatment methods. There are insufficient studies directly comparing the superiority of suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) and intra‐articular shoulder injection (IAI) techniques, which are frequently used interventional methods in treatment. Objective To compare the efficacy of ultrasonography‐guided SSNB and IAI techniques in terms of pain and functional status in the treatment of AC. Design A single‐center, double‐blind randomized study. Setting The study was conducted at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic of Antalya Training and Research Hospital between March and October 2022. Participants Eighty‐four participants aged 15 to 75 years with a clinical diagnosis of AC were screened for the study, and 60 participants were included in the study after excluding participants who did not meet the criteria. Interventions Participants were randomized into two groups with 30 participants in each group. Both groups received an injection of 1 mL of 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide and 9 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride under ultrasonographic guidance. Main Outcome Measures The patients' Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores, shoulder active and passive range of motions (ROM), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were evaluated before and after the injection in the 1st week, 4th week, and 12th week. Results Our study found no significant difference in SPADI and ROM between the two groups when comparing pre‐injection and post‐injection results in 1st week, 4th week, and 12th week. When pre‐injection and 1st week, 1st week and 4th week, 4th week and 12th‐week measurements were compared, improvement in SPADI‐Disability scores, SPADI‐Total scores, active flexion, passive flexion, active abduction, passive abduction, and active extension ROM values continued until the 12th week in both groups. In both groups, improvement in SPADI‐Pain scores, active external rotation, and passive external rotation ROM values continued until the 4th week. In terms of VAS scores, passive extension, active internal rotation, and passive internal rotation ROM values, there was a statistically significant improvement in both groups after the injection compared to pre‐injection. Conclusion The efficacy of SSNB and IAI techniques in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis was found to be similar. In both methods, significant improvements were observed in SPADI, ROM, and VAS measurements compared to baseline.

Muhammet Hüseyin Sarı

Ali Akdağ

Hanife Hale Hekim

Meral Bilgilisoy‐Filiz

Comparison of the treatment efficacy of suprascapular nerve block and intra‐articular shoulder injection techniques in patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis

粘连性肩关节囊炎患者中肩胛上神经阻滞与肩关节腔内注射技术治疗效果的比较

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	2.27
Quartiles(Global)	SPORT SCIENCES(Q2)

ISSN	1934-1482, 1934-1563
h-index	84

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2009，Proportion of original research papers: 76.07%，Self Citation Rate:9.10%， Gold OA Rate: 13.03%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：偏慢,4-8周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

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Primary care barriers and facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain: A qualitative pilot study

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography can predict inpatient rehabilitation functional outcome in patients with stroke

Predictors of post‐hip fracture knee pain in hospitalized older adults with intertrochanteric femoral fracture

The Efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of 5% Transdermal Lidocaine Patch for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review

Latzka and Cali reply

Latzka and Cali reply

Dry needling in people with fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial of its effects on pain sensitivity and pain catastrophizing influence

Re: Autonomic dysreflexia: Current pharmacologic management

Neuromuscular ultrasound in delayed sciatic neuropathy following hamstring tear

Comparison of the treatment efficacy of suprascapular nerve block and intra‐articular shoulder injection techniques in patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis