自闭症研究将涵盖被称为普遍性发育障碍（或自闭症谱系障碍 - ASD）的发育障碍。该杂志侧重于基本的遗传、神经生物学和心理机制，以及这些机制如何影响 ASD 的发育过程。

The journal "Autism Research" focuses on the study of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a pervasive developmental disorder. It covers fundamental research in genetics, neurobiology, and psychological mechanisms, examining how these mechanisms influence the developmental processes of ASD.

《Autism Research》期刊专注于自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）这一普遍性发育障碍的研究。该杂志涵盖遗传学、神经生物学和心理机制等基础研究，探讨这些机制如何影响ASD的发展过程。

Autism Research

Accumulating neuroimaging evidence suggests that abnormal functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) contributes to the social‐cognitive deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although most previous studies relied on conventional functional connectivity methods, which assume that connectivity patterns remain constant over time, understanding the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity during rest may provide new insights into the dysfunction of the DMN in ASD. In this work, dynamic functional connectivity analysis based on sliding time window correlation was applied to the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 28 young children with ASD (age range: 3–7 years) and 29 matched typically developing controls (TD group). In addition,k‐means cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct temporal states based on the spatial similarity of each functional connectivity pattern. Compared with the TD group, young children with ASD showed decreased dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the right precentral gyrus, which is negatively correlated with social motivation and social relating. Cluster analysis revealed significant differences in functional connectivity patterns between the ASD and TD groups in discrete temporal states. Our findings reveal that atypical dynamic interactions between the PCC and sensorimotor cortex are associated with social deficits in ASD. Results also highlight the critical role of PCC in the social‐cognitive deficits of ASD and support the concept that understanding the dynamic neural interactions among brain regions can provide insights into functional abnormalities in ASD.Autism Research2018, 11: 1479–1493. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social cognitive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN), a set of brain areas involved in various domains of social processing. We found that decreases in the dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex and the sensorimotor cortex are associated with deficits in social motivation and social relating in young children with ASD. This result suggests that aberrations in the DMN and its dynamic interactions with other networks contribute to atypical integration of information with respect to self and others.

Changchun He

Yanchi Chen

Taorong Jian

Heng Chen

Xiaonan Guo

Jia Wang

Lijie Wu

Huafu Chen

Xujun Duan

Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals decreased variability of the default‐mode network in developing autistic brain

We designed a robot system that assisted in behavioral intervention programs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The eight‐session intervention program was based on the discrete trial teaching protocol and focused on two basic social skills: eye contact and facial emotion recognition. The robotic interactions occurred in four modules: training element query, recognition of human activity, coping‐mode selection, and follow‐up action. Children with ASD who were between 4 and 7 years old and who had verbal IQ ≥ 60 were recruited and randomly assigned to the treatment group (TG, n = 8, 5.75 ± 0.89 years) or control group (CG, n = 7; 6.32 ± 1.23 years). The therapeutic robot facilitated the treatment intervention in the TG, and the human assistant facilitated the treatment intervention in the CG. The intervention procedures were identical in both groups. The primary outcome measures included parent‐completed questionnaires , the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), and frequency of eye contact, which was measured with the partial interval recording method . After completing treatment, the eye contact percentages were significantly increased in both groups. For facial emotion recognition, the percentages of correct answers were increased in similar patterns in both groups compared to baseline ( P &gt; 0.05), with no difference between the TG and CG ( P &gt; 0.05). The subjects’ ability to play, general behavioral and emotional symptoms were significantly diminished after treatment ( p &lt; 0.05). These results showed that the robot‐facilitated and human‐facilitated behavioral interventions had similar positive effects on eye contact and facial emotion recognition, which suggested that robots are useful mediators of social skills training for children with ASD. Autism Res 2017 ,. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1306–1323 . © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sang‐Seok Yun

JongSuk Choi

Sung‐Kee Park

Gui‐Young Bong

HeeJeong Yoo

Social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder using a robotic behavioral intervention system

使用机器人行为干预系统对自闭症谱系障碍儿童进行社交技能训练

Abstract Conversational or “co‐speech” gestures play an important role in communication, facilitating turntaking, providing visuospatial information, clarifying subtleties of emphasis, and other pragmatic cues. Consistent with other pragmatic language deficits, individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are said to produce fewer conversational gestures, as specified in many diagnostic measures. Surprisingly, while research shows fewer deictic gestures in young children with ASD, there is a little empirical evidence addressing other forms of gesture. The discrepancy between clinical and empirical observations may reflect impairments unrelated to frequency, such as gesture quality or integration with speech. Adolescents with high‐functioning ASD ( n =15), matched on age, gender, and IQ to 15 typically developing (TD) adolescents, completed a narrative task to assess the spontaneous production of speech and gesture. Naïve observers rated the stories for communicative quality. Overall, the ASD group's stories were rated as less clear and engaging. Although utterance and gesture rates were comparable, the ASD group's gestures were less closely synchronized with the co‐occurring speech, relative to control participants. This gesture–speech synchrony specifically impacted communicative quality across participants. Furthermore, while story ratings were associated with gesture count in TD adolescents, no such relationship was observed in adolescents with ASD, suggesting that gestures do not amplify communication in this population. Quality ratings were, however, correlated with ASD symptom severity scores, such that participants with fewer ASD symptoms were rated as telling higher quality stories. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of communication and neuropsychological functioning in ASD.

Ashley de Marchena

Inge‐Marie Eigsti

Conversational gestures in autism spectrum disorders: Asynchrony but not decreased frequency

自闭症谱系障碍中的会话手势：异步性而非频率降低

As one of the key regions in the “social brain” network, the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) has been widely reported to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there have been contradictory results in terms of whether it shows hyperconnectivity or hypoconnectivity. Delineating roles of MTG at the subregional level may eliminate the observed inconsistencies and provide a new avenue to reveal the neurophysiologic mechanism of ASD. Thus, we first performed connectivity‐based parcellation using the BrainMap database to identify fine‐grained functional topography of the MTG. Then, the MTG subregions were used to investigate differences in the functional connectivity in children and adults with ASD using two data sets from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Four distinct subregions in the human left and right MTG were identified, including the anterior MTG (aMTG), middle‐anterior MTG (maMTG), middle‐posterior MTG, and posterior MTG (pMTG). The bilateral pMTG was more vulnerable in both children and adults with ASD than in the typically developing (TD) group, mainly showing hypoconnectivity with different brain regions. In addition, the bilateral aMTG and right maMTG also showed altered functional connectivity in adults with ASD compared to the TD group. Moreover, all these altered MTG subregions were mainly associated with social cognition and language, as revealed by functional characterization. Further correlation analyses also showed trends of association between altered connectivity of the left aMTG and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores in adults with ASD. Together, these results suggest a potential objective way to explore sub‐regional differences associated with such disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 410–422 . © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Four distinct subregions in the human left and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were identified, including the anterior MTG (aMTG), middle‐anterior MTG (maMTG), middle‐posterior MTG, and posterior MTG (pMTG). The bilateral pMTG was more vulnerable in both children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in the typically developing (TD) group, mainly showing hypoconnectivity with different brain regions. In addition, the bilateral aMTG and right maMTG also showed altered functional connectivity in adults with ASD compared to the TD group. Moreover, all these altered MTG subregions were mainly associated with social cognition and language, as revealed by functional characterization. Further correlation analyses also showed trends of association between altered connectivity of the left aMTG and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores in adults with ASD.

Jinping Xu

Chao Wang

Ziyun Xu

Tian Li

Fangfang Chen

Kai Chen

Jingjing Gao

Jiaojian Wang

Qingmao Hu

Specific Functional Connectivity Patterns of Middle Temporal Gyrus Subregions in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

自闭症谱系障碍儿童和成人中颞叶回亚区的特定功能连接模式

Abstract Resting state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs‐fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 ± 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non‐autistic, mean age = 9.02 ± 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole‐brain &amp; network‐levels. A two‐sampled t ‐test and a 2 Group (autistic, non‐autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole‐brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network‐level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task‐level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature.

Smitha Karavallil Achuthan

Kelly L. Coburn

Meagan E. Beckerson

Rajesh K. Kana

Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state <scp>fMRI</scp> in autistic children

自闭症儿童静息态<scp>fMRI</scp>低频振荡幅值

ABSTRACT Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) traits may be present in parents of children on the autism spectrum. However, the prevalence and impact of these traits on parental mental health is poorly understood. We explore BAP traits and its relationship to mental health in 228 fathers and 261 mothers from a sample of 266 scholars from the EPINED study (Spain) grouped as follows: non‐autism ( N = 122), autism traits ( N = 93: 38 subthreshold autism and 55 autism symptoms) and autism ( N = 51). BAP rates were higher in fathers (36.9%) than in mothers (26.1%). Moreover, BAP was significantly more frequent in fathers of autistic children (52.3%) than in fathers of children without autistic traits (28.0%), with no differences between autistic conditions groups. Mothers of autistic children exhibited higher psychological distress (36.0%) than mothers of comparison group (19.2%). Fathers with BAP obtained significantly higher scores in emotional problems than fathers without BAP. Multivariate analyses showed that, fathers' emotional problems were associated with their BAP traits, whereas in mothers they were associated with having a child with autism as well as the child's emotional dysregulation. Identifying BAP in parents of autistic conditions children can help professionals to provide specific strategies for improving the well‐being of children and parents.

Fátima El‐Bouhali‐Abdellaoui

Núria Voltas

Paula Morales‐Hidalgo

Josefa Canals

Examining the Relationship Between Parental Broader Autism Phenotype Traits, Offspring Autism, and Parental Mental Health

考察父母广泛性自闭症特质、子女自闭症与父母心理健康之间的关系

ABSTRACT Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with DS exhibit an elevated risk of other neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary objective of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of co‐occurring ASD in children and adolescents with DS using a case–control approach. We compared the adaptive and behavioral profiles of a group of participants with both DS and ASD (ASD group) with a group of participants with DS‐only matched by age, sex, and IQ (CON group). Participants in the ASD group exhibited significantly lower adaptive skills than the CON group, despite the IQ‐matching in the moderate/severe ID range. No group differences emerged on internalizing or externalizing behavioral symptoms, but participants in the ASD group exhibited significantly higher social withdrawal, stereotyped behavior, and restricted interests. These findings indicate that, although children with DS—with or without ASD—who have similar low cognitive functioning often exhibit common behavioral traits, paying close attention to the elevation of stereotyped behaviors or restricted interests can improve the detection of co‐occurring ASD in this population, enabling more personalized interventions. Conversely, the presence of ritualistic behaviors or behaviors related to insistence on sameness may not be a strong indicator of underlying ASD in children with DS. Additionally, acknowledging that the presence of ASD contributes to adaptive behavior deficits beyond the impact of moderate‐to‐severe ID alone highlights the critical need for early interventions to enhance daily living skills in this population.

Elisa Fucà

Stefano Vicari

Floriana Costanzo

Adaptive and Behavioral Profiles in Down Syndrome and Co‐Occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case–Control Study

唐氏综合征与共病自闭症谱系障碍的适应性和行为特征：一项病例对照研究

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an ultra-short scale called the Quality of Life for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 3 (QOLASD-C3) from the full 16-item QOLASD-C scale. We first used network analysis to identify three core items to be retained on the QOLASD-C3 scale. Second, we used Cronbach's alpha and Pearson Product Moment correlations to determine the reliability and validity of the scale. Third, an optimal cut-off score of 6 was identified for the using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, we used logistic regression to examine the similarities in the classification status based on demographic characteristics between the quality of life (QOL) status using the QOLASD-C and the QOLASD-C3 scales. Results were similar across the two versions and suggested variations in QOL status based on race/ethnicity, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severity, and parents' socio-economic status. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Jin Liu

Laura C. Chezan

Yue Zhao

Sarah K. Hood

Erik Drasgow

Han Wang

Utilizing network analysis to identify core items of quality of life for children with autism spectrum disorder

利用网络分析识别自闭症谱系障碍儿童生活质量的核心项目

Abstract Self‐injurious behaviors (SIB) commonly occur in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and span diverse topographies of self‐inflicted behaviors ranging from head banging to hitting oneself against hard objects. Despite the high rates of SIB in autistic individuals, relatively little research has focused on psychological factors associated with the development and maintenance of SIB in individuals with autism and moderate‐profound intellectual disability (ID). This commentary synthesizes existing literature on SIB and highlights the need for more research focused on psychological correlates and mechanisms in autistic individuals with moderate‐profound ID. We highlight the key role of difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) and co‐occurring internalizing symptoms in the manifestation of self‐harm behaviors in clinical samples and autism. Furthermore, this commentary proposes a framework for understanding the interplay between poor ER and internalizing symptoms in the development and maintenance of SIB in autistic individuals with moderate‐profound ID. Specifically, we explore the emergence of SIB in the context of precipitating cues that trigger strong emotions, ER processes and strategy deployment, and co‐occurring internalizing symptoms. Future directions and implications for longitudinal research, measurement development, and clinical treatments are discussed.

Emily F. Ferguson

Kaylin M. Russell

Sarely J. Licona

Ru Ying Cai

Thomas W. Frazier

Giacomo Vivanti

Grace W. Gengoux

Antonio Y. Hardan

Mirko Uljarević

Toward improved understanding and treatment of self‐injurious behaviors in autistic individuals with profound intellectual disability

迈向改善对自闭症伴重度智力障碍个体自伤行为的理解和治疗

Abstract Congenital sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an inherited metabolic disorder causing chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and malnutrition when untreated. Most CSID patients are likely to remain under‐ or misdiagnosed. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of CSID among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presenting with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms via prospective SI gene sequencing. A prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted on 98 ASD patients exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with IBS. Participants were assessed according to Rome IV criteria and underwent SI gene sequencing. Demographic, clinical, and dietary data were collected and analyzed. Sucrose content in various fruits and vegetables was evaluated using three‐day food record, and gastrointestinal symptoms were rated on Likert scale. Seven patients (7%) were diagnosed with CSID based on SI gene analysis, revealing six different variants, including four novel mutations. One patient was homozygous for one variant, and six patients were heterozygous. Clinical presentations predominantly included diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating, with two patients showing growth retardation. One patient was diagnosed in adulthood. Food allergy and lactose intolerance were the misdiagnoses prior to CSID diagnosis in two patients. Real prevalence of CSID is likely underestimated. Clinical heterogeneity and non‐specific symptoms contribute to diagnostic challenges. Gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with IBS in ASD patients should include CSID in differential diagnosis. Early genetic screening for SI variants in ASD patients with IBS symptoms can facilitate timely diagnosis and management, improving outcomes. Heterozygous variants of the SI gene should also be considered, as heterozygous patients can exhibit typical CSID symptoms.

Tanyel Zubarioglu

Dilara Ulgen

Sedanur Akca‐Yesil

Selin Akbulut

Huseyin Onay

Gozde Uzunyayla‐Inci

Omer Faruk Beser

Ali İbrahim Hatemi

Çiğdem Aktuğlu‐Zeybek

Ertuğrul Kiykim

Exploring congenital sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency in autism spectrum disorder patients with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: A prospective <scp><i>SI</i></scp> gene sequencing study

探索孤独症谱系障碍伴肠易激综合征症状患者中的先天性蔗糖-异麦芽糖酶缺乏症：一项前瞻性<scp><i>SI</i></scp>基因测序研究

Abbreviation	Autism Res
Journal Impact	5.34
Quartiles(Global)	PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL(Q1)

ISSN	1939-3792, 1939-3806
h-index	93

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc，Publishing cycle: Bimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2008，Proportion of original research papers: 96.02%，Self Citation Rate:7.50%， Gold OA Rate: 29.61%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：>12周，或约稿

Autism Research

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