American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

We take advantage of provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), which granted legal resident status to long-time unauthorized residents but created new obstacles to employment for more recent immigrants, to explore how employment opportunities affect criminal behavior. Exploiting administrative data on the criminal justice involvement of individuals in San Antonio, Texas and using a triple-differences strategy, we find evidence of an increase in felony charges filed against residents most likely to be negatively affected by IRCA's employment regulations. Our results suggest a strong relationship between access to legal jobs and criminal behavior. (JEL J15, J18, J61, K37, K42, R23)

Matthew Freedman

Emily Owens

Sarah Bohn

American Economic Journal Economic Policy

Immigration, Employment Opportunities, and Criminal Behavior

Understanding the potential impacts of climate change on economic outcomes requires knowing how agents might adapt to a changing climate. We exploit large variation in recent temperature and precipitation trends to identify adaptation to climate change in US agriculture, and use this information to generate new estimates of the potential impact of future climate change on agricultural outcomes. Longer run adaptations appear to have mitigated less than half—and more likely none—of the large negative short-run impacts of extreme heat on productivity. Limited recent adaptation implies substantial losses under future climate change in the absence of countervailing investments. (JEL Q11, Q15, Q51, Q54)

Marshall Burke

Kyle Emerick

Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture

气候变化适应性：来自美国农业的证据

Seattle raised its minimum wage to as much as $11 in 2015 and as much as $13 in 2016. We use Washington State administrative data to conduct two complementary analyses of its impact. Relative to outlying regions of the state identified by the synthetic control method, aggregate employment at wages less than twice the original minimum—measured by total hours worked—declined. A portion of this reduction reflects jobs transitioning to wages above the threshold; the aggregate analysis likely overstates employment effects. Longitudinal analysis of individual Seattle workers matched to counterparts in outlying regions reveals no change in the probability of continued employment but significant reductions in hours, particularly for less experienced workers. Job turnover declined, as did hiring of new workers into low-wage jobs. Analyses suggest aggregate employment elasticities in the range of —0.2 to —2.0, concentrated on the intensive margin in the short run and largest among inexperienced workers. (JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, J38, R23)

Ekaterina Jardim

Mark C. Long

Robert Plotnick

Emma van Inwegen

Jacob Vigdor

Hilary Wething

Minimum-Wage Increases and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle

最低工资增长与低薪就业：来自西雅图的证据

We study the effects of increasing the statutory retirement age (SRA) in the Netherlands, using regression discontinuity design and administrative data on the universe of the population. We find clear and large employment effects of the reform. A simple model in which individuals stay longer in their pre-SRA labor market state predicts the treatment effects well. The employment level before the SRA and the retirement hazard at the SRA are the key determinants of the effects of the policy change. Exploring potential explanations for the high hazard rate observed in the Netherlands, our results point to an important role for employers’ effects. (JEL H55, J14, J26, J32)

Simon Rabaté

Egbert Jongen

Tilbe Atav

Increasing the Retirement Age: Policy Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

提高退休年龄：政策效应与内在机制

Weak enforcement of environmental regulations remains a global issue due to inadequate monitoring and misaligned incentives. This paper examines the effects of automated monitoring on achieving air pollution control targets amidst China’s war on pollution. Utilizing the staggered rollout process and remote-sensing data, we find local governments respond to the advanced monitoring system by strategically targeting areas near monitors, resulting in a 3.2 percent decrease in pollution adjacent to automated monitors compared to areas farther away. Furthermore, we observe heterogeneity in response across cities with varying degrees of preexisting data manipulation and among officials facing different incentives and public pressure. (JEL O13, O18, P25, P28, Q53, Q55, R11)

Lin Yang

Yatang Lin

Jin Wang

Fangyuan Peng

Achieving Air Pollution Control Targets with Technology‑Aided Monitoring: Better Enforcement or Localized Efforts?

实现技术辅助监测下的空气污染控制目标：更严格的执法还是地方性努力？

We study the variation of carbon price recommendations and their determinants using survey evidence from more than 400 experts across almost 40 countries. We quantify the extent of disagreement and reveal that a majority of experts can agree on short- and medium-term global carbon price levels, and on unilateral carbon price levels in most countries. The majority of recommendations do not exhibit a “ free riding” pattern of lower unilateral than global carbon prices. Furthermore, border carbon adjustment facilitates higher unilateral price recommendations. We show how recommendations vary with additional survey responses, and with country and expert characteristics. (JEL H43, Q54, Q58)

Moritz A. Drupp

Frikk Nesje

Robert C. Schmidt

Pricing Carbon: Evidence from Expert Recommendations

碳定价：专家建议的证据

We conducted a field experiment that randomized advertisements, advertisement content, and prices across 2,204 counties in the United States to study the impacts on online purchases of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug. Advertising increased web-site users but only impacted purchases when combined with a price reduction. Messages emphasizing the discreet nature of online sales had no additional impact on purchases. Comparing counties with advertisements featuring a highly discounted price to those featuring the full price, we estimate a price elasticity of demand for online naloxone of −1.3. Price is a significant barrier to online purchases of this lifesaving medication. (JEL C93, H75, I12, I18, L65, M37)

Mireille Jacobson

David Powell

Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take-Up of Naloxone

纳洛酮采用的价格敏感性和信息障碍

Many government program applications result in procedural denials due to administrative burdens associated with applying. We identify the intake interview as a key barrier to take-up of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and study the effect of an alternative application process designed to reduce burdens. Using a field experiment involving 65,000 Los Angeles applicants, we find that access to flexible interviews initiated by the applicant increases approvals by 6 percentage points, doubles early approvals, and increases long-term participation by over 2 percentage points. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating flexibility when designing program integrity policies to minimize procedural denials. (JEL H75, I18, I38)

Eric Giannella

Tatiana Homonoff

Gwen Rino

Jason Somerville

Administrative Burden and Procedural Denials: Experimental Evidence from SNAP

行政负担与程序性拒绝：来自SNAP的实验证据

When COVID-19 reached Sweden, upper-secondary students (ages 17–19) transitioned to remote instruction, while lower-secondary schools (ages 14–16) remained open. We use this setting as a natural experiment to analyze how modes of instruction affect student mental health. We find a 4.4 percent decrease in mental health care use from remote instruction, primarily due to fewer diagnoses and prescriptions for depression and anxiety. The reduction persists throughout the study period; 21 months after the initial closure and 9 months after schools resumed usual operations. This suggests potential mental health benefits from remote instruction, at least in the medium term. (JEL I12, I18, I21, I28, I31)

Evelina Björkegren

Helena Svaleryd

Jonas Vlachos

Remote Instruction and Student Mental Health: Swedish Evidence from the Pandemic

远程教学与学生心理健康：来自瑞典的疫情证据

We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decision-making. Our data contain information about demographic and socioeconomic indicators for defendants and randomly assigned jurors in a Swedish court. Our results show that defendants are 4 to 6 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if judged by one more juror belonging to the same identity-forming group. Moreover, they are given 10 percent shorter prison sentences. Socioeconomic background and demographic attributes are equally important for identity effects, and these effects stem from trials of longer duration and where the defendant is present in the courtroom. (JEL D91, J15, J16, K42, Z13)

短名	Am. Econ. J. Econ. Policy.
Journal Impact	5.75
国际分区	ECONOMICS(Q1)
期刊索引	SCI Q1中科院 1 区

ISSN	1945-7731, 1945-774X, 1945-7812
h-index	88
国内分区	经济学(1区)经济学经济学(1区)
Top 期刊	是

涉及主题	经济政治学法学业务数学计算机科学生物市场经济微观经济学物理财务哲学医学社会学地理宏观经济学心理学经济增长工程类生态学公共经济学统计人口经济学语言学地质学历史考古
出版信息	出版商: American Economic Association，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2009，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:1.80%， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

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