Archives of Clinical Microbiology

The outbreak of coronavirus in 2019 has devastated the world and led to a global
 pandemic. The infectious disease COVID-19 which is caused by severe acute
 respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) emerged from a zoonotic
 reservoir. The data suggest that the recent outbreak has similar genetic emergence
 to those of SARS and MERS. The patients are assisted with major breathing
 problems and the rapid transmission results in the apocalypse for humans. To
 arrest the viral infection, immunity is the preliminary key of the individual for
 defending against the pathogen. The production of T cells plays a crucial role in the
 immune system response to the virus. Therefore, sleep and the circadian system
 strives for an impact on immune functions. It has further reinforced the major
 and specific role of sleep that takes part in boosting the immune system. In this
 review, we provide an emphasis on pathogenicity, adaptive immunity in the terms
 of enhancing the system and also the role of the sleep cycle in context to the
 COVID-19 infection.

Writtik Maity

Subhasish Maity

Sidhant N

Satayu Devi

A Relationship between Sleep Cycle and Immunity against COVID-19 Infection

睡眠周期与抵御COVID-19感染的免疫力的关系

In December 2019, a pneumonia like infection of unknown etiology currently named as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was spread in Wuhan city, China. This began as an outbreak and spread rapidly in China, followed by an increasing number of cases in other Countries throughout the world with the estimated motility rate of 3%-5%. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is currently not under control and evidence tells that both age and gender are important drivers of risk and response to infection and disease thus it is necessary to identify the risk populations with poor prognosis. This literature review will introduce a general overview on interaction of Coronavirus with different age groups and whether the host immunity is important in the control of viral infection in India. mp3download.link
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ra Awasthi

Ankit Dimri

Kajal Rawat

Vulnerability of COVID-19 on Different Age Individuals in India

印度不同年龄段人群在COVID-19下的脆弱性

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, is capable of causing severe respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine release syndrome, multi-organ failure, and has been associated with many neurologic complications. No treatment has proven to be very effective. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been proposed and used. To date, randomized controlled trials have not been completed to show therapeutic benefit.

Wen Lu

Commentary on Therapeutic Plasma Exchange to Treat COVID-19

关于治疗性血浆置换治疗COVID-19的评论

Vaccines are the most effective measures to prevent infectious diseases, and most of these infections occur through the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the viral organs of our body. Mucosal vaccination is, however, challenging. The numerous natural defense mechanisms at mucosal surfaces, including the acidic and enzyme-rich environment and the thick and firm mucus layer make the delivery of vaccines across these natural barriers challenging. Probiotic-grade B. subtilis spores could be utilized by the surface display technology as a mucosal vaccine delivery system and simultaneously as an adjuvant for mucosal immunity for the following reasons: 1. B. subtilis spores are resistant at ambient temperatures but remain viable. 2. B. subtilis spores are safe enough for consumption by humans as food components, probiotics, or therapeutics. 3. B. subtilis can be genetically manipulated, making it possible to engineer bacteria that express and display immunogens on the spore surface or in vegetative cells. 4. B. subtilis spores can serve as non-invasive vaccine delivery systems. As a vaccine with ‘needle-free’ administration that is easy to store and transport under extreme conditions and does not require injection, the need for development is deemed to be high, as it has high application value for mass vaccination such as in a widespread disease outbreaks. A high-efficiency expression system on Bacillus spore, the control of proteolytic enzymes and redesign of genes encoding target proteins have been rapidly advanced. It would be interesting to explore whether there are any particular spore types or Bacillus strains that show enhanced immunity with antigens displayed on the spore surface. Further discussion should be dedicated to other promising specific antigens and immunization routes that may lead to longer-lasting and moreefficacious vaccines with available technology

Yeonsu Oh

Potential for Mucosal Delivery of Bacillus Subtilis Spore Vaccines Displaying Immunogenic Protein on the Surface

表面展示免疫原性蛋白的枯草芽孢杆菌孢子疫苗黏膜递送潜力

Vaginal infections are the most prevalent women’s health problem. This study carried out from November 2018 to May 2019 aimed to determine the prevalence and the infections of bacteria and yeasts implicated of vaginal infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 43 samples were collected from AE?A?AE?A?nAE?AE cA½nAEAEµA¯AE?nA at the NA?AE?A½nA?A¯ Public Health Laboratory of Ouagadougou. Then, microscopic observations and culture on specific media of women's vaginal discharge were used to identify the incriminated microorganism. The Candida albicans species was AA?A?nAE?A®A?A? as 45.95% with high resistance to amphotericin B (93.75%) and flucyostine (100%). Staphylococcus aureus was AA?A?nAE?A®A?A? at 21.62% with total resistance to penicillin G (100%), amoxicillin (100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%). This study raises concerns about the AE?A?A?rA?AE?A?AEµAE?c management of vaginal infections

René Dembélé

Alix Bénédicte Kagambega

Wendpoulomdé Aimé Désiré Kaboré

Oumar Traoré

Désiré Nezien

Elie Kabré

Alfred Sababenedyo Traoré

Nicolas Barro

Prevalence and characterization of bacterial and yeast vaginal infections in a public health institution of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

布基纳法索瓦加杜古公共卫生机构中细菌性和酵母性阴道感染的流行率及特征

Zhu Longchao

Hayes K. H. Luk

Kenneth S. M. Li

Raven K. H. Kok

Patrick C. Y. Woo

Susanna K. P. Lau

Establishment of a virulent full-length cDNA clone for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

建立中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)的毒力全长cDNA克隆

In present day the pandemic character of Novel Corona Virus Covid-19 become the most life threatening problem for human health. Till date around 6.5 million of people were affected and 0.4 million were died of this. In spite of all types of precaution the rate of spreading increasing day after day and if it could not be ceased, whole human being in world will cease to exist.  Remdesivir is an antiviral drug that was developed to block infection with related coronaviruses and even Ebola. It is one of the drugs the WHO is helping to investigate. It works against SARS-CoV-2 in cells in a dish in a lab as well as in mice infected with the virus. Remdesivir specifically targets key viral proteins involved in making new copies of the virus and prevents them from working. Due to the bulkier structure, Remdesivir violets  Lipinski rule (MW>500 and No of H-bond accepters >10), shows very low GI track absorption and bioavailability (0.17). In this work, I tried to investigate the structural aspects of Remdesivir for the binding with viral protein and from the availed data tried to design (Insilico) a newer molecules which binds more effectively with the protein. My work will helpful to enrich the data base for the develop more efficient drug than Remdesivir.

Md. Maidul Islam

Designing of Remdesivir Based New Molecules Binds to Protease Enzyme of Covid-19 Virus: An In-silico Study

基于瑞德西韦设计与新冠病毒蛋白酶结合的新分子：一项计算机模拟研究

设计基于瑞德西韦的新分子与新冠病毒蛋白酶酶结合的计算机模拟研究

Publication Information	Publisher: Internet Medical Publishing，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2010，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Archives of Clinical Microbiology

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A Relationship between Sleep Cycle and Immunity against COVID-19 Infection

Vulnerability of COVID-19 on Different Age Individuals in India

Commentary on Therapeutic Plasma Exchange to Treat COVID-19

Potential for Mucosal Delivery of Bacillus Subtilis Spore Vaccines Displaying Immunogenic Protein on the Surface

Prevalence and characterization of bacterial and yeast vaginal infections in a public health institution of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Establishment of a virulent full-length cDNA clone for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

Designing of Remdesivir Based New Molecules Binds to Protease Enzyme of Covid-19 Virus: An In-silico Study

Establishment of a virulent full-length cDNA clone for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

Designing of Remdesivir Based New Molecules Binds to Protease Enzyme of Covid-19 Virus: An In-silico Study

Establishment of a virulent full-length cDNA clone for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)