Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production/ College of Agriculture/ University of Anbar for the period from 28/10/2021 to 8/12/2021 (42 days). ROSS 308 type. In this experiment, 192 one-day-old unsexed broilers (Ross 308) were used, with an average weight of 40 g of Turkish origin. Chicks were randomly distributed to 4 treatments with 4 replicates for each treatment, a total of 16 replicates. Each repeat contains 12 chicks, and the transactions included the following: T1: )3001.5, 3103 and 3151%(, T2: (3149, 3231 and 3340%(, T3) 2850.5, 2950 and 3151%(, T4) 2850.5, 2950 and 3205 ( kcal/ kg feed during the starter, growth and final stages, respectively for all treatments. Through the study, we concluded that the differences in the energy level in poultry diets have no effect on all physiological characteristics of broilers. In cellular blood characteristics, the effect was only on (blood mass, where treatment T1 differed significantly with treatment T4 at (P≤0.05) as well as hemoglobin Where treatment T1 and T2 differed significantly with treatment T4 at (P≤0.05), while the heterozygous cells, treatment T2 differed with treatment T3 and T4 significantly at (P≤0.05).As for the biochemical characteristics, there was a significant difference in the following traits (triglycerides, where treatment T2, T3 and T4 differed significantly at (P≤0.05) with treatment T1. As for uric acid, treatment T4 differed significantly with treatment T1, T2 and T3 at (P≤0.05). As well as very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), where treatment T2, T3, and T4 differed significantly at (P≤0.05) with treatment T1, as for the rest of the biochemical characteristics, such as, there was no significant difference in them.

S. M. Samer

Z. J. M. Saeid

THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY IN BROILERS DIETS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS

不同能量水平对肉鸡饲料中某些生理性状的影响

Farmers use seeds with good vigor as they guarantee a higher rate of emergence compared to less robust varieties to avoid replanting and the resulting delay in maturity or lower productivity due to poor plant density, caused mainly by their genetic makeup. This study investigated seed physiological activity and field performance of maize inbred lines and their different hybrids (single, double, and three-way crosses). Significant differences were detected among genotypes for all studied traits under both laboratory and field conditions. Inbred line 5012 exhibited superior performance across multiple traits, including speed of germination (4 seeds/day), germination percentage 95%, seedling vigor 3702.0, root length 29.93 cm, and root fresh weights 3.47 g. However, inbred line kr640 surpassed in shoot fresh weight 4.296 g and shoot-dry weight 0.99 g. Backcross (5012 × 3007) 5012 demonstrated superiority in speed of germination 93.33%, seedling vigor 3464.67, and specific root length 115.58 cm/g. The study identified specific genotype combinations that exhibited high germination percentages up to 93.33% and enhanced root and shoot development. Moreover, heterosis analysis revealed both positive and negative values for various traits, highlighting the potential for trait improvement through hybridization. In the field, the backcross (5012 × 3007) 3007 exhibited the highest yield 7.93 ton/ha-1, indicating its potential for commercial cultivation. Biplot provided insights into the grouping and correlation patterns among genotypes, facilitating the selection of superior parental lines for future breeding programs. This study provides valuable insights for maize breeders and researchers to optimize genotype selection and hybridization strategies for trait improvement and crop enhancement.

S. A. Kakarash

EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED QUALITY AND FIELD PERFORMANCE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAIZE HYBRIDS

不同类型玉米杂交种生理种子质量和田间表现的评价

The research aims to determine the impact of government agricultural lending on agricultural and domestic products and to identify the increase in the Agricultural Cooperative Bank's effectiveness in providing agricultural loans. It could be achieved by determining the impact of the government program represented by the agricultural initiative and its role in providing agricultural credit to raise agricultural production and improve agricultural income. The research assumes that government lending after 2003 positively impacted domestic agricultural products and that the agricultural initiative reinforced that effect. The secondary data was relied on from the Agricultural Cooperative Bank and the Ministry of Planning, and the analysis was done by conducting multiple regression (co-integration model) in the time series data of loans according to terms and their impact on the agricultural domestic product. The dependent variable is the agricultural domestic product. The independent variables (Short, medium, and long-term loans and agricultural initiative loans) are represented in the activity of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank, which was introduced as a dummy variable. It is given a value of zero before 2008, and 1 after 2008 until 2016, when the agricultural initiative stopped, and the statistical program (EViews10) was used) in the analysis. The results confirmed the validity of the research hypothesis regarding the existence of a positive effect between the agricultural and domestic products and the impact of the agricultural initiative, and the research recommended the necessity of developing a credit plan that takes into account the farmers' need for loans according to their type.

N. M. Hamdi

A. F. Ahmed

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT LENDING AGRICULTURAL AND THE AGRICULTURAL INITIATIVE ON THE AGRICULTURAL DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (1990-2020)

政府贷款农业和农业倡议对伊拉克农业国内生产总值影响的经济分析（1990-2020年）

This study was conducted during 2023 on soil profiles in Lattakia Governorate (Syria), composed of different parent materials, namely serpentine, gabbro, peridotite (belonging to the ophiolitic complex), and marl (belonging to sedimentary formations). The aim was to determine their mineral composition and study the effect of mineral composition on some soil properties, alongside the degree of weathering of soil profiles. The mineral composition of the soil profiles varied and was primarily related to the differences in parent materials. Primary minerals dominated the mineral composition of the horizons of profiles formed on ferromagnesian rocks, while the mineral composition varied in the horizons of profiles formed on marl, depending on the impurities accompanying the limestone rock, with a great majority of calcite minerals. The type of mineral composition affected the morphological characteristics of the soil, such as color change. Most profiles of the ophiolitic rocks took on a red color because they contained hematite, while the light color prevailed in the profiles formed from marl due to the dominance of calcite minerals in their composition. The presence of montmorillonite caused some cracks in the profile containing it. Soils formed from ferromagnesian rocks were characterized by a low Ca/Mg ratio compared to other soils, due to the richness of their mineral composition with primary minerals containing magnesium, leading to the dominance of exchangeable magnesium, while the calcium cation was dominant in the soils formed on parent material rich in calcium carbonate.

S. A. Ghanem

A. G. Ibrahim

THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME SOIL FORMED ON DIFFERENT SOURCE MATERIALS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THEIR PROPERTIES AND DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT

不同母质上形成的土壤的矿物组成及其与性质和发育程度的关系

To elucidate the role of melatonin in mitigating the cadmium stress effect on wheat in terms of physiological and anatomical responses (e.g., root and leaf), this study was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. The aim was to investigate the important role of melatonin in alleviating Cd stress in wheat. The study included three factors: two wheat genotypes—introduced genotype G-31 (newly introduced to the country through the Iraqi Ministry of Science and Technology) and local cultivar IRAQ; four Cd concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 225 mg Cd L⁻¹ as CdCl₂); and three concentrations of melatonin (0, 100, and 200 mmole as pure melatonin). The study highlighted melatonin's role in terms of physiological and anatomical responses (e.g., root and leaf). The main results of this study confirmed the negative impact of cadmium on wheat growth, primarily affecting roots more than other plant parts. The epidermis, cortex, and vascular tissues in the xylem and phloem were negatively affected by the application of Cd. Melatonin played a vital role in boosting some physiological traits such as root growth and relative electrical conductivity. The most prominent role of melatonin was observed at the cellular level, as confirmed by the anatomical study. Melatonin helped plants cope with stress through modifications in cell organization and the thickening of either epidermal or cortical cells. Regarding the leaf, melatonin's important role was recorded in the stomatal system. More investigations are required to highlight melatonin's vital role in terms of gene expression and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in wheat.

M. M. Khalid

M. H. Al-Issawi

PHYTOMELATONIN MITIGATES CADMIUM STRESS FOR BREAD WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

植物褪黑素缓解面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的镉胁迫

Publication Information	Publisher: University of Anbar，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2023，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	17 weeks

Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY IN BROILERS DIETS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS

EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED QUALITY AND FIELD PERFORMANCE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAIZE HYBRIDS

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT LENDING AGRICULTURAL AND THE AGRICULTURAL INITIATIVE ON THE AGRICULTURAL DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (1990-2020)

THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME SOIL FORMED ON DIFFERENT SOURCE MATERIALS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THEIR PROPERTIES AND DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT

PHYTOMELATONIN MITIGATES CADMIUM STRESS FOR BREAD WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENERGY IN BROILERS DIETS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS

EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED QUALITY AND FIELD PERFORMANCE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAIZE HYBRIDS

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT LENDING AGRICULTURAL AND THE AGRICULTURAL INITIATIVE ON THE AGRICULTURAL DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (1990-2020)

THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME SOIL FORMED ON DIFFERENT SOURCE MATERIALS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THEIR PROPERTIES AND DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT

PHYTOMELATONIN MITIGATES CADMIUM STRESS FOR BREAD WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.