Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy Journal

Background: Clexane is used in pregnant women (PW) to minimize placental blood clotting (PBC) and fetal danger. Standard coagulation tests such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) are critical for anticoagulant medication optimization. As a result, the study's goal was to evaluate the efficacy of clexane as well as adherence to the American Heart Association's recommended limits for routine coagulation tests. Methods: The study included forty normal PW as controls and forty PW with PBC as patients from Al-Mafraq Hospital in Jordan. Patients were administered daily subcutaneous injections of 40 mg of clexane as an anticoagulant, in conjunction with a daily 75 mg aspirin regimen. During the first trimester, 5 ml of venous blood were drawn from each participant. The PT, INR and APTT were measured. This assessment also considered variables including plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC), age, body mass index (BMI), blood type, and fetal gender. Results: The mean age \(\pm\) SD were 29.6 \(\pm\) 6.2 for the patient group and 28.3 \(\pm\) 5.9 years for the control group. The changes in PT, INR, APTT and PFC between the control and patient groups were statistically significant independent of mother's age, BMI, baby gender, or blood type. Patients displayed inadequate anticoagulation with an INR of 0.8, falling below the recommended therapeutic range of 2-3 for anticoagulant treatment. Surprisingly, by the end of the clinical study, all patients under investigation had safely delivered their babies without difficulties. Conclusion: The observed rise in fibrinogen levels among patients may contribute to PBC formation, necessitating further investigation. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a combined 40 mg Clexane and 75 mg aspirin regimen in PW from the Al-Mafraq region, Jordan, is warranted.

Fawzi I. Irshaid

Razan Joma’a Alrdeat

Aisha Alshdefat

Bashar Irshaid

Ahmed Irshaid

Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacoterapy Journal

Evaluation of Clotting Parameters in Pregnant Women with Placental Blood Clots: Impact of Patient Characteristics and Assessment of Clexane Efficacy

孕妇胎盘血凝块凝血参数评估：患者特征的影响及克赛疗效评估

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) has emerged as the primary approach for the initial assessment of thyroid nodules, followed by ultrasound scanning and a thyroid profile analysis. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of solitary thyroid nodules and investigate the factors contributing to malignancies in patients with solitary thyroid nodules. Methods: The study encompassed a total of 50 cases. In all instances, a neck ultrasound was performed to exclude multinodular goiter. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) served as the primary diagnostic procedure for assessing the solitary nodule in every case. Additionally, clinically diagnosed thyroid cases were subjected to further evaluation in accordance with the provided proforma. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1:4, with the highest occurrence observed in the second and fourth decades of life. Approximately 30 patients exhibited nodules in the right thyroid lobe. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) demonstrated a sensitivity of 64% for benign lesions and 100% for malignant ones. The most frequently encountered histopathological findings were colloid goiter and follicular adenoma. The malignancy rate was 16%, with six cases experiencing hypocalcemia and seven patients encountering wound dehiscence. Conclusion: Besides determining the cystic or solid nature of the clinically palpable nodule, ultrasonography is valuable for characterizing the rest of the thyroid gland, thereby distinguishing between a true solitary nodule and a dominant nodule within a multinodular goiter. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and thyroid profile assessments are pivotal diagnostic tools. Hemi-thyroidectomy emerges as the most suitable and cost-effective surgical intervention for its treatment.

Akash D Makani

Nitin Nangre

Akshay Nerlekar

Patient Demographics and Characteristics Associated with Solitary Thyroid Nodules

与孤立性甲状腺结节相关的患者人口统计学特征和特点

Purpose: To evaluate the prescription pattern and utilization of drugs used by glaucoma patients with comorbidities including hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: This study was conducted at Al-Shifa trust eye hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from April 2021 to October 2021. Data regarding patient demographics, disease profile, medications &amp; side effects were recorded. Percent utilization of total ophthalmic, antiglaucoma, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic drugs was calculated. Comparative utilization of antiglaucoma drugs in hypertensive and diabetic patients and in pre and post-visit to glaucoma specialists was also calculated. Results: Out of 876 glaucoma patients, majority had primary open-angle glaucoma, 58.3 were males, &gt;50 belonged to the 50-70 years age group, and 27 and 18.8 were hypertensive and diabetic respectively. In the majority of cases, 1 or 2 eye drugs were prescribed and mostly in the topical dosage form. Fixed dose combinations (33.39) mainly were prescribed in all groups and Dorzolamide + Timolol was given in almost 80 of the time. Prostaglandin analogs (29.09) were 2nd most prescribed drugs. Beta-blockers were the least prescribed in all groups. Burning of the eyes was the most common side effect of ophthalmic drugs (28). Systemic beta-blockers were most commonly utilized by hypertensive patients while sulfonylureas by diabetic patients. No prominent change was noted in pre- and post-visit utilization of antiglaucoma drugs except brinzolamide. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for rational prescribing of antiglaucoma drugs in multimorbid patients and the importance of creating awareness of pharmacological actions, drug interactions, and side effects among physicians.

Muhammad Sadiq

Mahmood Ali

Waqar Ahmad

Mir Azam Khan

Farah Akhtar

Pharmacoepidemiology of drugs in glaucoma patients with comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 in Pakistan

巴基斯坦高血压和2型糖尿病共病青光眼患者的药物流行病学

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare between the effects of two most common iron chelating agents (Deferasirox and Deferoxamine) used in the management of beta-thalassemia major. Materials and Methods: A Cross section study conducted in Thalassemia and hereditary blood Diseases Center of Kut hospitals in September 2022, all the included patients were of \(\beta\)-thalassemia major type those treated with blood transfusion and iron chelating agents. Patients were divided into two groups. First group included 20 patients receiving Deferasirox (Exjade) Novartis Europharm Basil, Switzerland and another group included 20 patients receiving Deferoxamine (Desferal) Novartis Europharm Basil, Switzerland as iron chelating agents. Both of them manufactured from Novartis Europharm- Basil, Switzerland. Results: The results showed that serum ferritin levels were significantly lowered in Exjade group compared to deferoxamine group indicating that, Exjade was more effective in reducing iron overload compared to deferoxamine. There were no significant differences for other laboratory investigations between the chelating agent groups. Conclusion: our study indicated that exjade is more effective than deferoxamine in treatment of iron overload so should using of exjade lead to decrease effects of iron on vital organs and minimized mortality rate of thalassemia.

Ahmed Mohammed Taqi Al Mosawi

Haitham Mahmood Kadhim

Comparison of Deferasirox (Exjade\(^®\)) and Deferoxamine (Desferal\(^®\)) Effects on Iron Overload in Patients with Blood Transfusion-Dependent \(\beta\)-Thalassemia Major in Iraq

伊拉克依赖输血的β-地中海贫血患者中地拉罗司（Exjade®）与去铁胺（Desferal®）对铁过载影响的比较

Background: Children living in countries with moderate income levels, such as India, who are born with untreated refractive abnormalities continue to face significant challenges. Despite the availability of low-cost remedial techniques like eyeglasses, uncorrected refractive defects cause vision loss for many children in India. This persists even though glasses may correct the problem. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether children from middle-income families exhibit any refractive errors. Materials &amp; methods: The researchers conducted the present study after receiving approval from the institution’s ethics board. The research was carried out at Gautam Budha Chikitsa Mahavidyalaya, Jhajra, Dehradun, India. The study enrolled children from middle-income groups in and around the Dehradun city area. Results &amp; Conclusions: The study revealed that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment among school-age children, particularly those from middle-income families. Given that most refractive defects can be corrected with glasses, there is a need for cost-effective strategies to safeguard children’s eyesight. Such disabilities might impede a child’s development and education. There is compelling evidence supporting this treatable cause of blindness.

Rajesh Tewari

The Prevalence of Refractive Errors Among Middle-Class Kids in and Around Dehradun

德拉敦及周边地区中产阶级儿童屈光不正的流行情况

Objective: To compare the outcome of intralesional injection of Hyaluronic acid with Triamcinolone and Triamcinolone alone in the management of Oral Lichen Planus. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial, conducted in the Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery department at Punjab Dental Hospital(PDH), Lahore, included 30 patients aged 20-70 years with histopathologically confirmed Oral Lichen planus (0.5-4 cm), using a Split mouth technique. One side of the lesion received intralesional Triamcinolone (40 mg/ml), while the other side received a combination of Hyaluronic acid and Triamcinolone. Pain and lesion size were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale and measured at 2 and 12 weeks. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 20.0, with significance at P &lt; 0.05, comparing mean pain scores and lesion disappearance between groups using t-tests and Chi-square tests. Results: Total 30 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 48.76±14.67 year. Oral health assessment revealed that 9(30%) patients had good oral hygiene, and 15(50%) average hygiene. At baseline and 2nd week mean pain score in Intervention group was 5.7±1.08, 1.60 ±0.62 and in control patients was 5.6±1.03 and 2.10±0.99. Disappearance of lesion showed no significant difference between groups. Although in intervention group rate of disappearance of lesion was higher. i.e. Intervention: 73.3% vs. Control: 50%, p-value=0.063 Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that intralesional injection of Hyaluronic acid plus Triamcinolone is more effective than Triamcinolone alone for treating Oral Lichen Planus in terms of pain reduction and lesion disappearance

Rafay Mannan

Comparison of Intralesional Injection of Hyaluronic Acid with Triamcinolone and Triamcinolone Alone in Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus at Tertiary care Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Center

三级口腔颌面中心口腔扁平苔藓治疗中透明质酸联合曲安奈德与单独使用曲安奈德的比较

Purpose of the study. To assess demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with diabetic retinopa-thy treated with anti-VEGF therapy. Materials and methods of the study. 129 patients with diabetic retinopathy treated by the method of intrav-itreal administration of anti-VEGF therapy. Information about age, gender, diagnosis, activity of patients, dia-betes and the result of examination and treatment was collected. Achieved results. For treatment of diabetic retinopathy in clinics of AMU intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF is used in 25.8±1.9% of cases. Women p (68.2%) and patients older than 40 years (6,6%) revailed among these patients. Conclusion. Intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF is highly effective method for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Patients, involved to this method of treatment mostly are women and people older than 40 years. They often have a non-proliferative stage of retinopathy, exudative and edematous maculopathy.

Gurban Ismayilov

EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT BY METHOD OF INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INHIBITORS

玻璃体内注射血管内皮生长因子抑制剂治疗的有效性

Objectives. The research work is a comparative study of the polyphenolic compounds and flavonoid content of the phytoextracts obtained from the ultrasonic extraction process (Stegler DG-360) with 95% ethanol and ethanol-propyleneglycol mixture (in 95 : 5 ratio) from the Clove buds (Caryophyllos aromaticus L. Myrtaceae), hibiscus flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae)) and common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. Asteraceae) plants, which are rich in biologically active substances with high therapeutic effect, as well as their devoted to the investigation of antioxydant activity and antimicrobial potential. Material and methods. The research work was carried out in the Central Research and Application Laboratory of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University (MERLAB), Republic of Turkey, using a Japanese Shimadzu brand Mistral-AB SCIEX 4000 QTRAP liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer device. Results.It was found that in both extraction processes, the active substances penetrated sufficiently from the medicinal-plant raw materials into the extractant. 20 names of compounds containing polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin derivatives have been determined. However, the amount of active substances in the phytoextract obtained with the presence of the penetrate (propylene glycol) was higher. In particular, rutin ( 75.74 ± 4.91mg/g), quercetin (110.12 ± 1.30 mg/g), gallic acid (4503.19 ± 46.83mg/g), quinic acid (4041.99 ± 187.3 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (582.30 ± 1.30mg/g), vanilin (155.6g/g1 ± 3.95mg/g) prevailed. Conclusion. The research work proves once again that the studied phytoextracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids. The amount of biologically active substances in the phytoextract obtained with the ethanol-propylene glycol mixture which is the penetrate substance (in the ratio of 95:5) is higher than that of the other sample (with 95% ethanol). The resulting amount of biologically active substances is a clear proof that the phytoextract has sufficient antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Bahruz Mammadov

DETERMINATION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PHYTOEXTRACTS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES AND STUDY POTENTIAL EFFECTS

植物提取物中多酚类化合物的测定及其抗菌特性的研究与潜在效应分析

The purpose of the work is to determine the amount of flavonoids in the grass Vicia faba using spectrophotometry and assess the validity of the method. The raw materials of the Vicia faba species used for research were delivered in July 2022 from the Guba region of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the flowering phase of the plant. The validation parameters of the method for spectrophotometric quantification of flavonoids in the Vicia faba herb were assessed in accordance with the requirements of international documents. The amount of flavonoids in the Vicia faba herb was determined using a spectrophotometric method and it was found that the amount of flavonoids was ± 2.5%. A validation assessment of the spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in Vicia faba raw materials was carried out, the reliability interval of the method accuracy indicator was 0.09; linearity index in the concentration range of 0.02-0.04 mg/ml (R2=0.998); coefficient of variation of the accuracy indicator - 0.14% on the first day, 0.32% on the second day; The limit of determination of the method was found to be 0.001 mg/ml, and the limit of determination of quantity was found to be 0.004 mg/ml. The conducted studies show that the herb Vicia faba is quite rich in flavonoids, which lays the foundation for expanding the local medicinal plant raw material base in the future.

Tahir Suleymanov

Tahira Hajibeyli

Emilya Balayeva

https://www.azpharmjournal.org/en/jurnal/thymus-grossheimi-xammali

塔玛斯·格罗斯海米·哈姆利

The article provides information on the results of research conducted to study the changes in clinical signs during pregnancy in women with different degrees of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Hemogram parameters were studied using the “ Mythic 18” (Switzerland) hematological analyzer. For this purpose, the mutual relationships between the main indicators of iron metabolism and the main symptoms of anemia were analyzed using clinical-biochemical methods in the blood of 110 women of reproductive age at various stages of pregnancy. The main contingent of the study consisted of 80 pregnant women with IDA (main group). 30 pregnant women without anemia were included in the comparison group, and 21 healthy women without pregnancy were included in the control group. It has been determined that in multiparous pregnant women, the hemoglobin level in mild anemia is Me = 10.4 (10.0-10.5), in moderate anemia Me = 8.9 (8.3-9.5), in severe anemia Me = 6.9 (6.3-6.9) p&lt;0.001; the level of iron in mild anemia is Me = 9.0 (8.0-9.4), in moderate anemia Me = 6.7 (6.1-7.7), in severe anemia Me = 5.3 (3.5-5.8) p&lt;0.001; the level of ferritin in mild anemia is Me = 19.3 (12.0-28.0), in moderate anemia Me = 9.9 (9.1-12.0), in severe anemia Me = 3.0 (2.0-8.0) p&lt;0.001. During pregnancy, significant changes occur in iron metabolism in iron deficiency anemia. Pregnancy anemia is a significant risk factor for fetal and maternal morbidity. Thus, depending on the severity of anemia, complications such as intrauterine growth retardation, chronic fetal hypoxia, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and primary birth weakness during delivery have been predominant. This allows us to carry out corrective treatment.

Parvana Aliyeva

CLASSİFİCATİON OF CLİNİCAL SYMPTOMS DEPENDİNG ON THE SEVERİTY OF ANEMİA İN PREGNANT WOMEN

孕妇贫血严重程度相关的临床症状分类

出版信息	出版商: Azerbaijan Medical University，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2023，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy Journal

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