African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Bacterial infection cause delayed wound healing, and the rising cases of antibiotic resistance call for alternative solutions. This research aims to determine and compare the antibacterial activity of selected research plants when extracted by different methods using different solvents. The plants were extracted with ethanol, methanol, acetone, water, chloroform, and ethyl acetate using Soxhlet and maceration extraction. Agar well diffusion and resazurin dye reduction method were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Agar well diffusion results showed that water, ethyl acetate (Soxhlet), and 100% ethanol (macerated) extracts for all 3 plants inhibited a broad spectrum of bacteria. MIC results showed that ethanol and 70% ethanol (macerated) extracts of Hoslundia opposita had the lowest MIC (1.95 mg/ml) against S. aureus. The ethanol extract of H. opposita Vahl showed the lowest MIC against MRSA. Water, ethanol, 100% ethyl acetate (macerated) and 70% ethanol (macerated) extracts of Ageratum conyzoides showed the lowest MIC against E. faecalis. Ethyl acetate extract of A. conyzoides showed the lowest MIC against E. coli. 100% methanol (macerated) extract of H. opposita showed the lowest MICs against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively; All plants showed better antibacterial activity on gram positive than gram negative bacteria. The methanol extract of H. opposita showed better activity than the rest of the extracts. Key words: Ageratum conyzoides L., antibacterial activity, Bidens pilosa L., Hoslundia opposita Vahl, wound healing.

Namuga Catherine

Muwonge Haruna

Lubwama Margaret

Janet Nakyejwe

Sekulima Tahalu

Baptist Kirabira John

Antibacterial activities of Bidens pilosa L, Hoslundia opposita Vahl, and Ageratum conyzoides L against some common wound pathogens

鬼针草、对叶豆和藿香蓟对一些常见伤口病原菌的抗菌活性

About 50% of an oral dose of griseofulvin passes through the gastro-intestinal tract unabsorbed and is excreted in faeces.Short residence time of the low soluble griseofulvin, in stomach and small intestine, limits its dissolution.Griseofulvin is highly soluble in acidic pH, and so a gastro-retentive floating matrix system was developed to control dissolution rate and thereby enhance solubility to develop an improved and convenient dosage form.Preformulation studies included selection of excipients and evaluation of compatibility with griseofulvin.Tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique with varying ratios of Methocel™, Accurel MP and Polyvinylpyrrolidone as determined by Design Expert software.Buoyancy capability and dissolution studies were carried out to assess the influence of the tablet components.Tablets that float immediately upon contact with dissolution medium and continue floating for over 12 h were achieved with at least 28% of Accurel MP.An increase in tablet hardness reduced the rate of griseofulvin release only up to 120 min.Methocel™ had the most significant influence on griseofulvin release, with an indirect proportion to the rate of griseofulvin release.Using Design Expert software, optimized formulation was achieved with 1% Polyvinylpyrrolidone, 30% Methocel™, 60% Accurel MP and hardness ranging between 8 and 9 N. Tablets produced floated immediately upon contact with the medium and remained floating for at least 12 h.Griseofulvin was released from the optimized tablets in a near zero order fashion, with a total of 80.8% griseofulvin released at the end of the 12-h dissolution test period.

Tinotenda Chanyandura Jonathan

Sai Poka Madan

Hulisani Demana Patrick

Autamashih Musa

Formulation and evaluation of gastro-retentive floating tablets of griseofulvin

灰黄霉素胃滞留漂浮片剂的制备与评价

The study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of an aqueous extract of aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprea in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.Extracts of Ipomoea pes-caprea were obtained from the decoction of the dried leafy stem of the plant.The extracts obtained were used for the evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity which was done according to two methods: the Rane test was used to evaluate the curative effect of the aqueous extracts of Ipomoea pes-caprea while the Peters test was used for the suppressive effect.Four concentrations of the aqueous extract (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally during the tests.The results showed a dose-dependent decrease in parasitaemia.The dose of 200 mg/kg bwt inhibited parasitaemia with a percentage suppression equal to 50.89% without resulting in significant body weight loss of the animals (p˃0.05),but showing a survival rate identical to that of chloroquine.This study showed that the aqueous extract of I. pes-caprea has antiplasmodial properties at the dose of 200 mg/kg bwt against P. berghei.It would be a good candidate to be tested in human parasite, that is, Plasmodium falciparum, for development of other antimalarial drugs.

Gbongué TIA Eric

Ayoman DJADJI Thierry-Lenoir

Sylvain KOUAKOU Landry

TUO karim

Kouakou EFFO Etienne

Yacouba ADEHOUNI Adebo

Awa Gniènèfèrètien SILUE Nounaféri

Edith Ahou KOUADIO Axelle

N’GUESSAN-IRIE Geneviève

N’doua KOUAKOU-SIRANSY Gisèle

In vivo antiplasmodial activity of an aqueous extract of leafy stems of Ipomoea pes-caprea (L.) R.Br. in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

Ipomoea pes-caprea（L.）R.Br.叶茎水提取物对感染伯氏疟原虫的瑞士小鼠的体内抗疟活性

The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge base of traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) in Benue State in relation to current good manufacturing practice for effective quality, safety, and increased economic value. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the TMPs using questionnaire. Information such as practice area, type of herbal medicine preparations, water quality, preservatives as well as knowledge of packaging of finished herbal medicines was evaluated. Over 55% of the TMPs practice herbal medicine alone, while others combine other traditional medicine disciplines alongside herbal medicine. Majority of the TMPs produce extemporaneous products for their patient while 10% produce products for sale. A number corresponding to 18% of the TMPs use either tap or borehole water, the others use water from well, streams and rivers. The herbal medicines produced by the TMPs are largely liquids and only 47% have any knowledge of preservatives and fewer have any knowledge on packaging of herbal medicines. This study shows that the majority of the TMPs lack appropriate technical resources and knowledge for herbal medicine production. Hence, there is an urgent need for a coordinated intervention in terms of working tools and trainings. Key words: Herbal medicine, Benue State, herbal active ingredients, formulation, conventional dosage form, water supply.

P. Adigwe Obi

F. Builders Philip

Alfa John

Oladosu Peter

Dynamics of herbal medicine processing and production in Benue State Nigeria

尼日利亚贝努埃州草药加工与生产动态

This research is aimed at producing alternative starch used for tablet binding from amura tuber. The microbiological load and physicochemical properties of native and modified amura starches were determined using plate counting method and standard method of BP. Amylose and amylopectin content of native and modified amura starches were determined using spectrophotometric method. Binding and disintegrant abilities of these starches were studied using paracetamol as a model drug. Paracetamol tablets were formulated by wet granulation method using NAS, AS, and EHS as binders. The tablet characteristics were evaluated using standard method of BP. The results of this study indicates that microbial and Fungi load of NAS, AS, EHS and MS range from 1 to 30 colonies forming unit (cfc/g). The swelling power and solubility of the starches were found to increase with temperature and the values are higher for EHS and AS. Also the NAS have crushing strength of (4.766 &plusmn; 0.152), AS (7.000 &plusmn; 0.500), EHS (3.900 &plusmn; 0.100) and MS (5.633&plusmn;1.184) and are significant different at (p&lt;0.05) while friability of NAS is (0.760 &plusmn; 0.068, AS (1.060 &plusmn; 0.121, EHS (0.556 &plusmn; 0040) and MS (0.873 &plusmn; 0.1007) and they are significant different at (p&lt;0.05). The results of disintegration of the tablets indicate that EHS disintegrate faster than NAS, AS and MS. The results of dissolution of paracetamol tablets formulated with NAS, AS, EHS and MS at t50, t70 and t90 minutes are within range of 70%-97%. (quantity dissolved in 45 min &ge; 70% BP standard). Key words: NAS = Amura Starch (Tacca involucrate), EHS = Enzyme hydrolysed Starch, AS = Acetylate Starch, MS = Maize starch, Amylose, Amylopectin, Paracetamol tablet and BP= British Pharmacopia.

M. Abubakar

M. A. Dickson

C. E Egwim

M. I. Bilkisu

None Murtala

I. Lawal

B. S. Aliyu

Characterization of native, acetylated and enzymatically modified amura starch (Tacca involucrata) for tablet binding

原生、乙酰化和酶修饰的阿穆拉淀粉（Tacca involucrata）作为片剂粘合剂的表征

Hasan Ali Md.

Islam Shariful

Mahmudul Hasan Mohammad

Hasanur Rahman Md.

Rahman Asheka

Abdullah Taher Mohammad

Muslim Tanvir

Studies of phytochemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the local Pseudoelephantopus spicatus plant

本地伪象牙参植物的植物化学分析、体外和体内评价研究

The aim was to determine the benefit of betablockers and/or digoxin on mortality in heart failure in black Africans using a comparative study. This was a prospective, non-interventional, comparative, four-arm follow-up cohort study using the Abidjan Heart Institute database. Patients were divided into four arms: betablocker alone, betablocker plus digoxin, digoxin alone, and a control group with conventional treatment without betablocker or digoxin followed for 2 years. The four groups compared were initially comparable for sociodemographic data for a total follow-up of 730.5 days, including 37 deaths at the end of this study (5.70%). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment, treatment with betablocker alone (RR 0.77, p=0.62) or combined with digoxin compared with control (RR 1.13, p=0.84) was not significantly associated with death, nor was treatment with betablocker vs non-betablocker (RR 0.58, p=0.14). On the other hand, treatment with digoxin alone compared with control (RR 3.13, p=0.0388) was significantly associated with death. Male sex, high natraemia and use of anticoagulants were the necessary factors for mortality in the digoxin group. Compared with betablockers, digoxin does not appear to have a beneficial effect on mortality in black African patients with heart failure. However, these patients on digoxin appear to be more severe. These results could be confirmed by a large, long-term study of black subjects. Key words: Clinical trial, betablocker, digoxin, heart failure, Africa, mortality.

BAMBA-KAMAGATÉ Djénamba

TOURÉ Massiré

Yves Cédric KEE Mankoh

Siméon YOBO-BI Manan

Sita N’ZOUÉ Kanga

Sogbety DIOMANDÉ Éric

TRAORÉ Fatoumata

KAMAGATÉ Mamadou

Evaluation of betablockers and digoxin in black African heart failure patients based on a non-interventional cohort study at Abidjan Heart Institute

基于阿比让心脏研究所非干预性队列研究的黑非洲心力衰竭患者中β受体阻滞剂和地高辛的评估

Sita N'ZOUÉ Kanga

Célestin BÉNIÉ Adoubs

Yves-Cédric KEE Mankoh

Ahua Jean BERTRAND Kpangni

Claude Stéphane Batoué TIA Alain

KAMAGATE Mamadou

Nicolau syndrome: An avoidable iatrogenic complication leading to disabilities

Nicolau综合征：一种可避免的医源性并发症，导致残疾

Engeu Ogwang Patrick

Samba Twinomujuni Silvano

Umba Tolo Casim

Wasswa Francis

Preclinical immunomodulatory activity of COVIDEX herbal product developed for supportive treatment of COVID-19 in Uganda

COVIDEX草药产品在乌干达用于COVID-19辅助治疗的临床前免疫调节活性

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimer's is associated with various cellular changes including oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and mitochondrial disorders, ultimately leading to neuronal death. Flavonols found in the chamomile plant (Matricaria recutita) exert beneficial effects on brain disorders like Alzheimer's disease owing to their antioxidant properties. In this study, the flavonoids from the methanolic extract of chamomile (M. recutita) were isolated and purified using column chromatography and TLC methods. Flavonols from the flavonoid compounds were then extracted, separated, and identified using spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass, and IR. 56 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups, including control (vehicle 1, solvent of flavonol, and solvent of streptozotocin drug), Alzheimer's, and flavonoid doses of 120, 250, and 400 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg, and flavonols were administered for 15 days. Memory and learning were assessed using the shuttle box device. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 software, ANOVA, and Tukey tests, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The results indicated that doses of 250 and 400 mg/kg of flavonol extracts from chamomile caused significant changes, compared to the control group, ultimately improving avoidance memory in rats. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters were significantly reduced in the Alzheimer's groups treated with chamomile flavonol. Plant flavonols demonstrated the ability to restore spatial memory function and normalize oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-treated groups. Key words: Alzheimer, Flavonoid, Flavonol, learning, rat.

Reza Pourrabie Seyed

Effect of flavonol from chamomile (Matricaria recutita) flavonoids on memory disorders and determination of oxidative stress in Alzheimers rats

洋甘菊（Matricaria recutita）黄酮醇对阿尔茨海默病大鼠记忆障碍及氧化应激的影响

Publication Information	Publisher: Academic Journals，Publishing cycle: Monthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2009，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均1.0个月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约60%

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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