Asian Journal of Applied Sciences

Background and Objective: Improvement and conservation strategies of animal genetic resources require first of all, a full knowledge of breedsʼ diversity and genetic structure.In order to disclose the current genetic structure of Senegalese local cattle breeds, this study has used the population genetics approaches.Materials and Methods: The DNA samples were taken from 120 unrelated cattle animals sampled from the main livestock breeding areas in Senegal.Genotyping was carried out using 11 microsatellite loci selected within the panel recommended by ISAG-FAO for cattle breedsʼ genetic characterization.Genetic differentiation and structure analysis were performed using bioinformaticsʼ softwares.Results: The F ST , measure of population differentiation indicated a mean value of 0.047±0.011,(p<0.05),followed with a mean gene flow (Nm) of 5.06.The Bayesian analysis indicated three clusters.The first one grouped mainly the NʼDama cattle, the second the majority of Djakore "hybrid" population and the last one clustered the zebuʼs populations.Conclusion: Population structure analysis has revealed at present that Senegalese local cattle breeds were not running towards genetic erosion, nevertheless they deserve to be closely monitored to avoid the disappearance of important adaptive traits.

Ndeye Penda Ndiaye

Adama Sow

Germain Jerome Sawadogo

Mbacke Sembene

Diversity and Genetic Structure of Senegalese Local Cattle Breeds

塞内加尔本地牛品种的多样性和遗传结构

Background and Objective: The lamiaceae Martinov or Labiatae de Juss. is the large family of flowering plants, commonly known as the mint or deadnettle family.Salvia reflexa Hornem. is the important medicinal plant of this family.The objectives of this study were to determine the essential oil composition of the aerial part of the plant and to evaluate its antioxidant, antifungal and antifeedant properties.Materials and Methods: The plant essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation method and chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The antioxidant activity was evaluated in terms of DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activity.The antifungal property was performed against two phytopathogenic fungi viz; Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium maydis and antifeedant property was carried out against Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) larvae.Results: Nineteen compounds were identified which contributed 94.3% of the total oil.Palmitic acid (25.8%), phytol (24.0%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.7%) were identified as the major components.The antioxidant activity in term of DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activity of the essential oil was found to be IC 50 = 71.82±0.45µg mLG 1 , RP 50 = 23.6±1.05µg mLG 1 and IC 50 = 70.3±1.1µgmLG 1 , respectively.The essential oil of Salvia reflexa showed strong antifungal and antifeedant activity in a dose dependent manner.Conclusion: The detailed study reveals that the essential oil of Salvia reflexa can be used as a good antioxidant, an excellent antifungal for inhibiting the growth of fungus and a very effective antifeedant for controlling the insects.

Sunita Goswami

Jeewanti Kanyal

Om Prakash

Ravendra Kumar

D.S. Rawat

R.M. Srivastava

A.K. Pant

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antifungal and Antifeedant Activity of the Salvia reflexa Hornem. Essential Oil

鼠尾草属植物Salvia reflexa Hornem.精油的化学成分、抗氧化、抗真菌和拒食活性

Background and Objective: Sweetpotato tops (tender vines with leaves) and storage roots are nutritious.Sensory properties of some local indigenous and exotic genotypes are not explored.The present study was conducted to determine sensory properties namely latex content, anthocyanin pigmentation, flesh colour, boiling time, peeling quality, stickiness and flesh compactness of storage roots and to establish sensor profile of tops and storage roots of nine sweetpotato genotypes.Materials and Methods: Physical appearance, sweetness of fresh and boiled storage roots, texture, fibre content, ingestion quality and consumer preference were evaluated for establishing of sensory profile.Sensory properties of tops and storage roots were evaluated by a panelist of ten respondents.Medians of the sensory scores were analyzed by non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis through Minitab 17 software.Results: Sensory properties revealed that Local-2, Local-1and Local-8 had very few latex and Exotic-2 and Exotic-3 had high content of latexin storage roots.Anthocyanin appeared in the cortex of Local-8, Exotic-2, Exotic-3 and BARI SP-4; epidermis of Local-1, Local-2; centre of the flesh of Local-5, Exotic-4 and the entire flesh of Exotic-1.Flesh colour of the storage roots were white in Local-1, Local-2 and Local-5; yellow in Local-8, Exotic-1 and Exotic-2, Exotic-4;orange in BARI SP-4 and deep orange in Exotic-3.Peeling quality of storage roots of all local genotypes, Exotic-1 and Exotic-2 were found good and easy.Flesh compactness of storage roots of Local-2, Exotic-3 and BARI SP-4 were soft at fresh and became very soft after boiling.Storage roots having compact flesh were needed more time to boil their storage roots.Stickiness of boiled storage roots of Local-2, Exotic-3 and BARI SP-4 were found low to very low compared to other genotypes.Tops of Local-1, Local-8 and Local-5 and storage roots of Local-1, Local-2, Exotic-3 and Local-8 were good at sensory test.Conclusion: It can be concluded that tops of Local-1, Local-8 and Local-5 may be suitable for vegetables and storage roots of Local-1, Local-2, Exotic-3 and Local-8 for boiling purpose.

Md. Abu Shahadat Hossain

A.F.M. Saiful Islam

Mohammad Noor Hossai Miah

Mohammad Mehedi Hasa Khan

Sensory Properties and Profiling of Tops and Storage Roots of Sweetpotato Genotypes

甘薯基因型地上部和贮藏根的感官特性与分析

Background and Objective: About 80% of population of developing countries relies exclusively on plants to meet their health care needs, according to World Health Organization.This study aimed to further investigate the hypoglycemic activity of saponins extracted from the leaf of Commiphora kerstingii.Materials and Methods: Hyperglycaemia was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan and high dose fructose administration.Acute oral LD 50 of the fraction in rats was conducted according to the method described by Lorke.Results: The oral LD 50 of the extract was found to be 1,352 mg kgG 1 .The extract lowered the Blood Glucose Level (BGL) in the 3 doses used (100, 200 and 400 mg kgG 1 ) and was significant at p<0.02 for the 400 mg kgG 1 dose after the 8th, 16th and 24th h.The saponin-rich portion of the methanol leaf extract of Commiphora kerstingii Engl.significantly lowered elevated BGL in the experimental animal models.Conclusion: The saponin extracted from the methanol leaf extract of Commiphora kerstingii showed antidiabetic activity in the experimental models employed at the doses used.

Yerima Musa

Yusuf Ibrahim Alkali

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effects of Saponins Extracted from Methanol Leaf Extract of Commiphora kerstingii Engl.

评估从Commiphora kerstingii Engl.甲醇叶提取物中提取的皂苷的抗糖尿病作用

Background and Objective: Soil extracellular enzymes activities can reflect the metabolic need and nutrient availability of soil and as well possess the propensity to restore polluted soil towards normalcy.This study investigated the ability of some soil extracellular enzymes to recover crude oil polluted agricultural soil.Materials and Methods: Standard potentiometric method of pHKCl determination, loss of weight on ignition and culture methods were employed for all enzymatic and respiratory assays, organic matter and microbiological analyses, respectively.Results: Ninety days after planting, M. alternifolius and F. ferruginea treated soil groups recorded between 8.53 and 673.24% recovery as regards to dehydrogenase, protease, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities.Conclusion: Generally, the enzymes restored the polluted soil towards normalcy, probably necessitated by the treatment plants which aided in the abatement of the pollution and restoration of polluted soil.

Chukwuma Chukwuemeka Chukwuma

Jude Chigozie Ikewuchi

Michael Okechukwu Monanu

Enzymatic Recovery of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Enhanced by Treatment using Mariscus alternifolius Vahl. and Fimbristylis ferruginea

利用马里莎草和锈色飘拂草处理增强的原油污染土壤酶促回收

Terdzungwe Thaddaeus Sar

Samuel Ozeh Ashiegieru

James Sesughter Orsar

Application of Crude Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa as Stain for Bacterial Cells

洛神花粗提物作为细菌细胞染色剂的应用

Zakarian Dora

Khachatrian Aik

Kartuzov Valery

Ab Initio Method for Estimating the Theoretical Hardness of Covalent Crystals with a Cubic Structure

从头计算法估算具有立方结构的共价晶体理论硬度的方法

Background and Objective: The COVID-19 have affected millions and killed more than 5 million people globally.Recently, a various variant of the virus has been identified which has complicated the success achieved in containing it.Several approaches have also been taken to understand and manage the virus, while vaccines development has been of great value.Because of a complete lack of knowledge of the virus, shortage in vaccine supply etc., understanding how the virus spreads per country may determine relativity in infectivity and vaccine emergency.This study aimed to analyse and understand the progress, trend and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic over seven days and across different countries of the world: 7th to 13th of December, 2021.Materials and Methods: Data from one hundred and forty-two countries were studied based on continents, countries and cases of infection.Data were obtained from the United Nations geo scheme and WHO.They were analyzed and compared to values obtained from United State of America (USA).Results: Data analyzed showed that the USA has made progress in containing the virus compared to previous months and years.Most African countries are relatively unaffected while Americans and Europeans appear to be most affected.Conclusion: The result from the study shows that the African system may have developed various mechanisms to cope and survive the virus pandemic compared to other regions of the world.Hence, vaccination may be Africaʼs least problem.

Joseph Oyepata Simeon

Joseph Opeyemi Tosin

Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu

Relevance and Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic From 7th-13th December, 2021 Across Different Countries

2021年12月7日至13日不同国家COVID-19大流行的相关性与后果

Background and Objective: The organic-inorganic structure materials have been extensively analyzed due to their potential applications in material science.Sulfanilamide exhibits large pharmacological activities and is used to treat livestock diseases.This study explores the research findings and the work behaviour of sulfanilamide derivative crystal with hydrochloric acid.Materials and Methods: Using the slow evaporation technique, the semi-organic crystal of 4-sulfamoylanilinium chloride was grown at room temperature.The structural studies of the grown crystal were performed by using the single crystal XRD and powder XRD.The functional groups present in the crystal were confirmed from the IR and Raman vibrational spectroscopic study.In addition to these studies, optical, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and antibacterial analysis was performed on the grown crystal.Results: Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the grown crystal was in an orthorhombic system.The appearance of sharp and strong peaks in powder XRD patterns confirmed the good crystallinity of the grown sample.The presence of -[NH 3 ] + , -NH 2 , -SO 2 , C-N, C-S, C-H, C-C and C=C functional groups confirmed the formation of 4-sulfamoylanilinium chloride crystal in the salt form.From the analysis of the absorption spectrum, it was evident that the grown crystal had an optical band gap of 3.9 eV.The structural morphology consists of the rock-like morphology with distributed stones.The atomic and weight percentage of the grown crystal was confirmed from the EDX study.The 4-sulfamoylanilinium chloride crystal has high antibacterial activity against the Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Bacillus and Vibrio bacterial strains at different concentrations.Conclusion: The semi-organic single crystals 4-sulfamoylanilinium chloride were successfully grown from the slow evaporation method and the orthorhombic crystal structure, pure crystallinity, vibrational modes of all functional groups, optical transparency, surface morphology with elemental composition and antibacterial effect against microorganisms were tested and confirmed in this present work.

Chandran Muthuselvi

Meenakshi Sundaram Geetha

Nagarajan Mala

Growth, Structural, Vibrational, Optical and Antibacterial Activity Studies on 4-Sulfamoylanilinium Chloride Semi-Organic Single Crystal

4-磺胺酰胺氯化铵半有机单晶的生长、结构、振动、光学和抗菌活性研究

Background and Objective: With the establishment of the WHO Vision 2020, the right-to-sight intervention in 1999, efforts were made to improve eye care services globally.Therefore, this study measures the impact of eye care intervention on poverty reduction in Katsina State.The study tried to examine whether vision impairment is related to poverty.Materials and Methods: The study employed survey techniques using a 5-point Likert scale structured questionnaire.It randomly selects a sample of 5% of eye care intervention beneficiaries a population of more than 4000 from the Noor Dubai Foundation African program in Katsina State.Results: The beneficiaries with the initial least monthly income of $11.3 have experienced an improvement in their income to $113.4.This help to change the status of the beneficiaries that are below the current poverty line of $2.15 per day and move them out of the vision impairment-induced vicious circle of poverty.More so, the finding also suggested that eye care intervention in the form of cataract surgery and eye treatment reduced poverty through improvement in the measures of quality of life arising from the intervention which includes, productivity, income, employability, knowledge and skill and dignity after the cataract surgery.Conclusion: All the indicators of poverty have increased by an average of 91.8%.The policy implications of this study emphasize more on the government to collaborate with more NGOs on eye care intervention programs so as to reduce vision-induced poverty in the state.

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Asian Journal of Applied Sciences

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