Pastoralism

Ann Brower

Pastoralism Research Policy and Practice

myth of encroachment

侵占神话

侵占的神话

Pastoralism is globally recognized as the backbone of the economy in the vast arid and semi-arid rangelands. Despite its enormous economic contribution, the system is facing a myriad of challenges, among them, land use and land tenure changes, resulting in diminished grazing land. Accompanying such changes is the conversion of traditional grazing lands into other uses such as settlements, with urbanization being one of the key drivers of pastoral system dynamics. Understanding such dynamics in the face of compounding factors such as frequent droughts linked to climate change is key in guiding policy formulation and interventions aimed at achieving a sustainable pastoral production system. This study investigated factors determining migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City of Kenya. Data was collected through a snowball sampling approach using semi-structured household questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) in five Sub-counties of Nairobi City County. A total of 144 household interviews, 6 FGDs and 16 KIIs were conducted to elucidate drivers of urban pastoralism, opportunities and challenges encountered by pastoralists in the city. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the determinants of their migration. Results show that search for pasture and water resources, and alternative markets especially during droughts, are the main reasons for pastoralists’ migration to the city. In addition, educated herders were found to be more likely to migrate to the city as they pursue wage employment. Whereas these findings revealed that migration to the city exposes pastoralists to diverse livelihood opportunities, they are equally faced by a number of challenges - mainly road accidents involving livestock, frequent land displacements to pave way for development of real estates, and livestock poisoning from sewage and garbage wastes.There is a need for policy and regulatory interventions to recognize pastoralism alongside other forms of urban farming and addressing challenges facing sustainable pastoral production.

Walter Magero Wafula

Oliver Vivian Wasonga

Oscar Kipchirchir Koech

Staline Kibet

Factors influencing migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City, Kenya

影响肯尼亚内罗毕市游牧民迁移和定居的因素

As the “new rangeland paradigm” took shape in the 1990s, climatic variability in pastoral ecosystems was often discussed as “uncertainty”, and the essential mobility of pastoral systems was argued to be possible only with flexible land access rights. These context-specific principles have increasingly been globalized in analyses of diverse pastoral systems. While new understandings of the role of uncertainty and flexibility in pastoral systems have been unquestionably beneficial for particular contexts, uncertainty has been problematically embraced as intrinsically central to pastoral systems.
This paper combines a critical review of the literature and field work in Tajikistan’s Rasht Valley to bring into clear relief differences between variability and uncertainty, on the one hand, and mobility and flexibility, on the other. This allows us to see that livestock mobility is a strategy to cope with environmental variability in all pastoral contexts. Flexibility, however, is a strategy to cope with environmental uncertainty that is only present in a subset of pastoral contexts. Importantly, flexibility is not a required precondition for mobility. These realizations carry important implications for governance in pastoral settings. Due to the many challenges of building flexibility into property systems, pastoral land governance should be developed by looking for predictability, and efforts to maintain flexibility should be judicious and empirically well-justified.

Kramer Gillin

Variability is not uncertainty; mobility is not flexibility: Clarifying concepts in pastoralism studies with evidence from Tajikistan

变异性并非不确定性；流动性并非灵活性：以塔吉克斯坦为例阐明游牧研究中的概念

At world level, the current official number of large camelids cannot be determined exactly (it is estimated to be more than 35 million heads), and the role of camels in the livestock economy is highly variable. The only reliable statistics are provided by FAO since 1961. According to these data, five different patterns of demographic changes have been observed. In countries marked by a regular or drastic decline of their camelid population, a tendency to re-increase has been in force since the beginning of the century, except in India. Generally, countries marked by a sharp recent increase in their large camelid population have implemented a census and readjusted their data. Many inconsistencies occur in available data, most notably cases arising from changes occurring in state status (for example secession of Eritrea, Soviet Union collapse). Moreover, large camelid stocks in Australia, in countries of new camel establishment (Western countries) and those related to the expansion of camel farming, notably in Africa, are not recorded in the international database. In addition, there is no distinction between dromedary and Bactrian data. The present large camelid population in the world is probably more than 40 million and could reach 60 million after 25 years from now if the current demographic trend is maintained.

B. Faye

How many large camelids in the world? A synthetic analysis of the world camel demographic changes

世界上有多少大型骆驼科动物？全球骆驼种群变化的综合分析

Matthew D. Turner

Eva Schlecht

Livestock mobility in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review

撒哈拉以南非洲的牲畜移动性：一项关键综述

Book detailsAhearn, A, Sternberg, T with Hahn, A (eds.)
                  Pastoralist Livelihoods in Asian Drylands: Environment, Governance and Risk
                Cambridgeshire: The White Horse Press, 2017Xiii + 222 pagesISBN 978-1-874267-98-0 (HB); 978-1-912186-07-5 (ebook)

Tracy Burnett

Review of Pastoralist Livelihoods in Asian Drylands: Environment, Governance and Risk edited by Ariell Ahearn and Troy Sternberg with Allison Hahn

《亚洲干旱地区牧民生计回顾：环境、治理与风险》，作者：Ariell Ahearn、Troy Sternberg 和 Allison Hahn 编辑

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	1.56
Quartiles(Global)	ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES(Q3)

ISSN	2041-7128, 2041-7136
h-index	32

Publication Information	Publisher: SpringerOpen，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2011，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Pastoralism

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myth of encroachment

myth of encroachment

myth of encroachment

myth of encroachment

myth of encroachment

Factors influencing migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City, Kenya

Variability is not uncertainty; mobility is not flexibility: Clarifying concepts in pastoralism studies with evidence from Tajikistan

How many large camelids in the world? A synthetic analysis of the world camel demographic changes

Livestock mobility in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review

Review of Pastoralist Livelihoods in Asian Drylands: Environment, Governance and Risk edited by Ariell Ahearn and Troy Sternberg with Allison Hahn