男科是对男性生殖系统和其他与男性性别相关的健康问题的研究。男科涉及所有物种男性生殖系统（性腺、内分泌和附属器官）的基本和临床方面，包括与性发育、不育、性功能障碍、性激素作用和其他泌尿系统问题相关的医学问题的诊断和治疗。在医学上，男科作为一个专科是最近的发展，因为它以前被认为是泌尿科或内分泌科的一个亚专科

Andrology is the study of the male reproductive system and other health issues related to the male gender. It encompasses the fundamental and clinical aspects of the male reproductive system across all species, including gonads, endocrine functions, and accessory organs. Medical issues addressed in andrology include sexual development, infertility, sexual dysfunction, hormonal effects, and the diagnosis and treatment of other urological problems. As a medical specialty, andrology has developed relatively recently, having previously been considered a subspecialty of urology or endocrinology.

男科研究男性生殖系统及与男性性别相关的健康问题。它涵盖所有物种的男性生殖系统，包括性腺、内分泌和附属器官的基础与临床方面。男科涉及的医学问题包括性发育、不育、性功能障碍、性激素作用及其他泌尿系统问题的诊断与治疗。作为一个医学专科，男科是近年来才逐渐发展起来的，之前通常被视为泌尿科或内分泌科的一个子领域。

Andrology

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a socioeconomic problem.There are several options for its management including intra-cavernosal injection (ICI).To compare the safety, efficacy, and durability of ICI of onabotulinum toxin-A (BTX) in different doses (50 and 100 U) against placebo (saline) in the management of vasculogenic ED non-responding to pharmacological therapy (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors or/and ICI of trimix).A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted between July 2016 and February 2019. A total of 176 patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of the treatment sequences: Botox 100 U group (BTX-100; 62 patients), Botox 50 U group (BTX-50; 59 patients), or placebo group (55 patients). All patients were followed up for 6 months.Significant improvement in all parameters, that is, SHIM score & Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP), Global Assessment Score (GAS), and Doppler parameters (p < 0.001) was observed in patients of BTX-100 and BTX-50 groups with maximum improvement at 3rd month of treatment. Around 40% of patients were responders and were able to engage in sexual intercourse. Patients in placebo group did not experience significant improvement (p = 0.264). It was noted that at the 2nd week and 3rd months after treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of these parameters in BTX-100 and BTX-50 groups (p > 0.05). In the 6th month, there was a statistically significant difference between the aforementioned groups in favor of BTX-100 (p < 0.01).Only one-time ICI of BTX (50 U and 100 U) is effective and safe for the treatment of refractory ED. This agent has a considerable long duration of action, particularly BTX-100U seems to be more durable.

Waleed El‐Shaer

Hussein Ghanem

Tamer Diab

Ahmed Abo‐Taleb

Wael kandeel

Intra‐cavernous injection of BOTOX® (50 and 100 Units) for treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: Randomized controlled trial

阴茎海绵体内注射BOTOX®（50和100单位）治疗血管性勃起功能障碍的随机对照试验

Abstract Background Congenital absence of vas deferens ( CAVD ) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia. Mutations in CFTR and ADGRG 2 are responsible for this disease. However, until now the genetic spectrum of the CFTR and ADGRG 2 genes in Chinese population and the reasons of the differences from Caucasian cohorts were not clear. Objectives (i) To study the characteristic and functional consequences of CFTR and ADGRG 2 mutations in Chinese CAVD patients. (ii) To describe the genetic spectrum of Chinese CAVD patients and explain the reasons of the differences from Caucasian cohorts and Chinese cystic fibrosis ( CF ) patients. Materials and Methods Patients were screened for mutations in CFTR by Sanger sequencing. Patients with only one or no mutations were further investigated by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis and direct sequencing of ADGRG 2 gene. Bioinformatic analysis and structural modeling of proteins were performed. Results A total of 28 mutations in CFTR were identified in 72 patients, of which five mutations were novel. Fifty‐five patients (76.39%) had CFTR mutations but no indels, among which 80.00% CBAVD patients have at least one CFTR mutation and 66.67% CUAVD have at least one CFTR mutation. Two novel mutations (p.Lys818* and p.Arg1008Gln) in ADGRG 2 were detected. These novel mutations were predicted to be damaging by bioinformatics and were absent or extremely low frequency among our controls and databases. The genetic spectrum of Chinese CAVD patients revealed that the most common mutations were c.1210‐12T[5], p.Ile556Val and p.Gln1352His, the last two of which were predicted to reduce the domains’ contacts and weaken adenosine triphosphate binding. Discussion and Conclusion This study illustrates the significance of all exon sequencing in CFTR and ADGRG 2 . A picture of the genetic spectrum of Chinese CAVD patients and the most common mutations can be described, which are different from Caucasian cohorts and Chinese CF patients.

P. Yuan

Z. K. Liang

H. Liang

L. Y. Zheng

D. Li

J. Li

J. Zhang

J. Tian

L. H. Lai

K. Zhang

Z. Y. He

Q. X. Zhang

W. J. Wang

Expanding the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of Chinese patients with congenital absence of vas deferens bearing <scp>CFTR</scp> and <scp>ADGRG</scp> 2 alleles

扩展中国先天性输精管缺如患者的表型和遗传谱：携带<scp>CFTR</scp>和<scp>ADGRG2</scp>等位基因的研究

Glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3) protects cells from oxidative stress, and its reduced expression in human prostate cancer has been reported.We hypothesized that Gpx3 might play an important role in the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a pre-cancerous state of the prostate, and aimed to highlight the underlying molecular mechanism.The following double-knockout mice Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3+/+, Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3+/-, Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3-/- were produced. Randomly divided animals were weighed, and their genitourinary tract (GUT) weights were determined after euthanasia at 4, 8, and 12 months. The mRNA expression of the genes involved in oxidative stress and Wnt signaling was analyzed in the prostate. Histopathology, ROS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also measured.Loss of Gpx3 did not affect body weight and GUT weight in Nkx3.1 knockout mice. The mRNA expression of SOD3, iNOS, Hmox, and CISD2, which are associated with oxidative stress, was increased in Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3-/- mice at 4 months but decreased at 8 and 12 months. There was no change in β-catenin and its targets associated with Wnt signaling. Increased ROS and decreased SOD activity were observed in Nkx3.1-/-; Gpx3-/- mice at 12 months of age. The histopathologic score and epithelium thickness were increased, and lumen area was decreased in Gpx3 knockout mice.Gpx3 loss increased the hyperplasia of PIN in the pre-cancerous stage of the prostate. Loss of Gpx3 induced oxidative stress. Histopathologically, no invasive carcinoma was identified, and Gpx3 loss did not increase Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further research on the role of GPX3 in the transition of PIN to invasive carcinoma is needed. We show, for the first time, that the antioxidant enzyme GPX3 plays a vital role in inhibiting hyperplasia in the PIN stage of the prostate gland in vivo.

Ukjin Kim

C‐Yoon Kim

Ji Min Lee

Bokyeong Ryu

Jin Kim

Junpil Bang

Na Ahn

Jae‐Hak Park

Loss of glutathione peroxidase 3 induces ROS and contributes to prostatic hyperplasia in Nkx3.1 knockout mice

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3缺失引发活性氧并促进Nkx3.1敲除小鼠的前列腺增生

Summary Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign proliferative disease among aging men. Androgens play a key role in the development and growth of the male genital tract favoring differentiation and proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells of the prostate gland. It is known that growth factors play a crucial role in the cross‐talk between stromal cells and epithelial cells. These factors, mainly secreted by stromal cells, act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to maintain prostate cellular homeostasis. A number of experimental studies support the interdependence between growth factors (IGF, FGF, TGF) and the steroid hormone milieu of the prostate. Alterations of these interactions may alter the balance between proliferation and cell death leading to the development of BPH. The onset of BPH is closely related to an inflammatory microenvironment. Chronic inflammation, which generally follows the acute inflammation because of infectious agents, is favored by hormonal or metabolic abnormalities. However, a close correlation between these mechanisms and metabolic or sexual hormones (androgen/estrogen ratio) alteration has been shown suggesting a key role of hypogonadism in the development of prostate inflammation. This review clear shows that the BPH pathogenesis and the subsequent onset of the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) depends from different etio‐pathogenetic factors whose mechanism of action remains to be evaluated.

S. La Vignera

R. A. Condorelli

G. I. Russo

G. Morgia

A. E. Calogero

Endocrine control of benign prostatic hyperplasia

良性前列腺增生的内分泌控制

Abstract Background Several studies indicate adverse effects of selected heat exposures on semen quality, but few studies have directly evaluated fertility as an endpoint. Objective We evaluated prospectively the association between male heat exposures and fecundability, the per‐cycle probability of conception. Materials and methods We analyzed data from 3041 couples residing in the United States or Canada who enrolled in a prospective preconception cohort study (2013–2021). At enrollment, males reported on several heat‐related exposures, such as use of saunas, hot baths, seat heaters, and tight‐fitting underwear. Pregnancy status was updated on female follow‐up questionnaires every 8 weeks until conception or a censoring event (initiation of fertility treatment, cessation of pregnancy attempts, withdrawal, loss to follow‐up, or 12 cycles), whichever came first. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between heat exposures and fecundability, mutually adjusting for heat exposures and other potential confounders. Results We observed small inverse associations for hot bath/tub use (≥3 vs. 0 times/month: FR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70–1.07) and fever in the 3 months before baseline (FR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79–1.12; one cycle of follow‐up: FR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64–1.11). Little association was found for sauna use, hours of laptop use on one's lap, seat heater use, time spent sitting, and use of tight‐fitting underwear. Based on a cumulative heat metric, FRs for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 versus 0 heat exposures were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87–1.12), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.89–1.19), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.74–1.19), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.50–1.17), respectively. Associations were stronger among men aged ≥30 years (≥4 vs. 0 heat exposures: FR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34–1.04). Conclusion Male use of hot tubs/baths and fever showed weak inverse associations with fecundability. Cumulative exposure to multiple heat sources was associated with a moderate reduction in fecundability, particularly among males aged ≥30 years.

Craig J. McKinnon

Dhruv J. Joglekar

Elizabeth E. Hatch

Kenneth J. Rothman

Amelia K. Wesselink

Mary D. Willis

Tanran R. Wang

Ellen M. Mikkelsen

Michael L. Eisenberg

Lauren A. Wise

Male personal heat exposures and fecundability: A preconception cohort study

男性个人热暴露与生育力：一项孕前队列研究

Abstract Background Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common solid malignancies in young men, with increasing incidence worldwide. Broadly classified into seminomas and non‐seminomas, they exhibit distinct biological behaviors and responses to treatment. Although metabolic reprogramming is an acknowledged cancer hallmark, metabolic pathways in testicular germ cell tumors remain poorly understood. Objectives This study investigates the differential expression of metabolic markers (GLUT‐1, MCT1, MCT4, LDHA, HIF‐1α) and the epigenetic enzyme KDM3A across various testicular germ cell tumor subtypes, aiming to understand how glycolytic metabolism is related to each histotype and how it may impact tumor aggressiveness, correlating with patient outcomes. Materials and methods The study involved 111 testicular germ cell tumor individual tumor components from 90 patients diagnosed and treated at a comprehensive cancer center. Immunohistochemistry was used to ascertain biomarker expression, with a combined score of percentage of stained tumor cells and intensity of staining. In silico analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database was performed for additional validation, using cBioPortal. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U , Kruskal–Wallis, and anova tests, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Results Significant differences in the expression of metabolic markers across testicular germ cell tumor subtypes were disclosed. Embryonal carcinomas showed significantly higher expression of glycolytic markers (GLUT‐1, MCT1, MCT4, LDHA) compared to other histotypes, suggesting heightened glycolytic activity. KDM3A depicted an inverse pattern, being significantly more expressed in seminomas. HIF‐1α expression was generally low across all histological subtypes. Testicular germ cell tumors with necrosis showed higher expression of the metabolic players investigated. Discussion and conclusion We highlighted distinct metabolic profiles among testicular germ cell tumor subtypes, particularly the prominent glycolytic activity in embryonal carcinomas, with higher hypoxia and reliance on lactate transport. Metabolic reprogramming in embryonal carcinoma may underlie the high proliferation of this tumor subtype, which frequently discloses necrosis. These findings suggest that targeted agents such as MCT1 inhibitors may be particularly useful for treating testicular germ cell tumors containing high proportion of embryonal carcinoma.

Mariana Cantante

Vera Miranda‐Gonçalves

Nuno Tiago Tavares

Rita Guimarães

Isaac Braga

Joaquina Maurício

Andres M. Acosta

Rui Henrique

Carmen Jerónimo

João Lobo

Differential expression of metabolic enzymes in testicular germ cell tumors: The impact of glycolytic metabolism in embryonal carcinoma histotype

睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤中代谢酶的差异表达：胚胎癌组织型中糖酵解代谢的影响

Although some studies suggest that sleep deprivation may affect ejaculation regulation, related research is limited, and the mechanisms remain unclear.

Peng Yang

Tianle Zhu

Yukuai Ma

Zhi Cao

Pan Gao

Hui Jiang

Xiansheng Zhang

The involvement of amyloid‐β in the central nervous system regulation underlying sleep deprivation‐induced rapid ejaculation in rats

淀粉样β在睡眠剥夺引发大鼠快速射精的中枢神经系统调节中的作用

Abstract Background Current advances in high‐throughput sequencing technology enable the precise identification of Y chromosome microdeletion and primary duplication in infertile couples, but the mechanism and clinical significance of these mutations in assisted reproductive techniques remain unclear. Objectives To investigate the effects of AZFc (b2/b4, b1/b3, b2/b3, and gr/gr) deletions and primary duplications on the outcomes of the first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment cycle. Methods Y chromosome microdeletions and primary duplications in infertile men were detected using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. A total of 813 patients undergoing their first ICSI treatment were divided into six groups: b2/b4 deletion group ( n = 28), three partial AZFc subdeletion groups (b1/b3, n = 13; b2/b3, n = 72; gr/gr, n = 71), primary AZFc duplication group ( n = 54), and control group with a normal Y chromosome ( n = 575). The multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess and compare the embryologic and cumulative reproductive outcomes of ICSI treatment across these groups. Results Compared with the control group, the b2/b4 deletion group showed a poor ICSI embryologic outcome after ICSI treatment, with a significantly lower fertilization rate per oocytes retrieval (72.22% vs.79.89%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.88, p &lt; 0.01) and 2 pronuclear (2PN) fertilization rate (66.37% vs. 74.80%; adjusted OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.89, p &lt; 0.01) either before or after adjustment for confounding factors. Nevertheless, three partial AZFc deletion groups showed no effect on the ICSI fertilization rate after ICSI treatment. The primary AZFc duplication group had a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate per transferred embryo (56.25% vs. 65.97%; adjusted OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41–0.99, p &lt; 0.05), and the semen characteristics varied from azoospermia to normozoospermia. In addition, all indicators related to embryo quality, clinical pregnancy, and live birth outcomes in the primary duplication group were inferior to those in the control group. Conclusion This study indicates that b2/b4 deletion has a negative effect on ICSI outcomes, particularly the fertilization rates. Partial AZFc deletions have no significant effect on the fertilization rate after ICSI treatment. Primary AZFc duplication can lead to varying seminal phenotypes and has a negative effect on ICSI embryologic and pregnancy outcomes, particularly showing a significant association with low birth weight in newborns after ICSI treatment.

Linlin Li

Xiangyin Liu

Xinying Wang

Hongguo Zhang

Ruizhi Liu

Effects of AZFc (b2/b4, b1/b3, b2/b3, and gr/gr) deletions and primary duplications on the outcomes of the first intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycle: A single‐center retrospective cohort study

AZFc（b2/b4、b1/b3、b2/b3 和 gr/gr）缺失及初级重复对首次卵胞浆内单精子注射治疗周期结果的影响：一项单中心回顾性队列研究

Abstract Introduction The epididymis creates an optimal acidic luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage. In epididymal principal cells (PCs), proton secretion is activated by the accumulation of the sodium‐proton exchanger type 3, NHE3 (SLC9A3), in apical stereocilia. PCs also secrete ATP, which is hydrolyzed into adenosine by ectonucleotidases. Adenosine has opposite effects depending on which purinergic receptors it activates. Activation of ADORA1 (A1) and ADORA3 (A3) receptors decreases intracellular cAMP (cAMP), while activation of ADORA2A (A2A) and ADORA2B (A2B) receptors increases cAMP. In other epithelia, cAMP triggers NHE3 internalization from the apical membrane. Here, we examined the roles of pH, cAMP, and adenosine (via A3, A2A, and A2B receptors) in the subcellular localization of NHE3 in PCs. Methods 3D immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to visualize NHE3 in stereocilia or intracellular vesicles. Single confocal microscopy images superimposed with bright‐field imaging was used to quantify NHE3 subcellular localization. The lumen of the cauda (Cd) epididymis of C57Bl/6Ncrl mice was perfused in vivo at pH 6.0 and 7.8. The effect of a permeant analog of cAMP (cpt‐cAMP) was studied at pH 7.8, while the effect of adenosine was investigated at pH 6.0. Expression of A2A, A2B, and A3 was examined by immunofluorescence, and their respective role was evaluated by using specific agonists and antagonists at different luminal pH. Immunofluorescence for clathrin, an endosomal marker, was examined at pH 7.8 with and without an A2B agonist. Results At an acidic pH perfusion solution of 6.0, NHE3 was predominantly localized intracellularly, whereas an alkaline pH of 7.8 promoted its accumulation in apical stereocilia. Perfusion with cpt‐cAMP at pH 7.8 reduced the amount of NHE3 in stereocilia. Immunolabeling showed the localization of A3, A2A, and A2B receptors in the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the Cd epididymis. Adenosine and an A3 agonist increased NHE3 stereocilia accumulation at pH 6.0, and the adenosine effect was abolished with an A3 antagonist. An A2A agonist had no effect on NHE3 localization, while an A2B agonist decreased the amount of NHE3 in stereocilia observed at pH 7.8. A concomitant increase in intracellular labeling for clathrin was induced by the A2B agonist at pH 7.8. Conclusions Our study indicates that in the Cd epididymis, NHE3 localization in PCs is modulated by luminal pH, cAMP, and adenosine receptor signaling. Acidic pH promotes NHE3 internalization, while alkaline pH facilitates its accumulation in stereocilia. Activation of A3 by luminal adenosine maintains NHE3 on the cell surface. Conversely, A2B activation by adenosine induces NHE3 internalization. We propose that the distinct effects mediated by these receptors are the consequence of their opposite effect on cAMP signaling. This intricate interplay of pH and adenosine highlights some of the regulatory mechanisms influencing the establishment of an optimal acidic environment for sperm maturation and storage in the epididymis.

Larissa Berloffa Belardin

Kéliane Brochu

Christine Légaré

Sylvie Breton

Regulation of NHE3 subcellular localization in epididymal principal cells: pH, cyclic adenosine 3,5 monophosphate (cAMP), and adenosine signaling

附睾主细胞中NHE3亚细胞定位的调控：pH值、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）及腺苷信号

Sandra S. Tøttenborg

Fathers in focus: Periconceptional paternal exposures and their lasting impact on offspring health

聚焦父亲：围孕期内父亲暴露及其对子代健康的持久影响

Abbreviation	Andrology
Journal Impact	3.20
Quartiles(Global)	ANDROLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	2047-2919, 2047-2927
h-index	67

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2013，Proportion of original research papers: 80.00%，Self Citation Rate:9.40%， Gold OA Rate: 29.59%

Andrology

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience

Intra‐cavernous injection of BOTOX^® (50 and 100 Units) for treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: Randomized controlled trial

Expanding the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of Chinese patients with congenital absence of vas deferens bearing CFTR and ADGRG 2 alleles