European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy

To investigate the performance and risk associated with the usage of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) to answer drug-related questions.A sample of 50 drug-related questions were consecutively collected and entered in the artificial intelligence software application ChatGPT. Answers were documented and rated in a standardised consensus process by six senior hospital pharmacists in the domains content (correct, incomplete, false), patient management (possible, insufficient, not possible) and risk (no risk, low risk, high risk). As reference, answers were researched in adherence to the German guideline of drug information and stratified in four categories according to the sources used. In addition, the reproducibility of ChatGPT's answers was analysed by entering three questions at different timepoints repeatedly (day 1, day 2, week 2, week 3).Overall, only 13 of 50 answers provided correct content and had enough information to initiate management with no risk of patient harm. The majority of answers were either false (38%, n=19) or had partly correct content (36%, n=18) and no references were provided. A high risk of patient harm was likely in 26% (n=13) of the cases and risk was judged low for 28% (n=14) of the cases. In all high-risk cases, actions could have been initiated based on the provided information. The answers of ChatGPT varied over time when entered repeatedly and only three out of 12 answers were identical, showing no reproducibility to low reproducibility.In a real-world sample of 50 drug-related questions, ChatGPT answered the majority of questions wrong or partly wrong. The use of artificial intelligence applications in drug information is not possible as long as barriers like wrong content, missing references and reproducibility remain.

Benedict Morath

Ute Chiriac

Elena Jaszkowski

Carolin Deiß

Hannah Nürnberg

Katrin Hörth

Torsten Hoppe-Tichy

Kim Green

Eur J Hosp Pharm

Performance and risks of ChatGPT used in drug information: an exploratory real-world analysis

ChatGPT在药物信息中的表现与风险：一项探索性真实世界分析

We read with interest the article on ‘Performance and risks of ChatGPT used in drug information: an exploratory realworld analysis’. Morath et al consider the performance and risks of using Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) to answer drugrelated questions. In a realworld sample of 50 drugrelated questions, Morath et al found that ChatGPT answered the majority of the questions wrongly or that answers were partially inaccurate. According to Morath et al, it is impossible to use artificial intelligence systems for drug knowledge as long as there are obstacles like inaccurate content, missing references, and repeatability. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a phrase used to describe computational software that draws conclusions from freely available data that may have come from reliable or suspect sources. AI cannot study, approve, or create confidential scientific or medical data. Without human supervision, AI should not be used to generate, update, or approve sensitive content. The reliability of data in AI is a significant and contentious issue. It is vital to think about how AI should be used responsibly and what responsible uses for AI should be. The ChatGPT may provide pertinent information right away even without user participation. Indeed, effective intake management techniques may help prevent misuse. Nonetheless in our opinion, it is crucial to keep in mind that whether or not AI is used ethically and practically is a decision to be made by people, not AI.

Amnuay Kleebayoon

Viroj Wiwanitkit

Performance and risks of ChatGPT used in drug information: comment

ChatGPT在药物信息中的表现与风险：评论

Following orthopaedic surgery, medication is vital for recovery and preventing complications, however drug-related problems (DRPs) can hinder medication use. The prevalence, types, and impact of DRPs on patients' activities of daily living (ADL) and the medication involved are unknown. Insight is needed for targeted interventions.

Eward J Melis

Bart Jf van den Bemt

Dirk E Schrander

Johanna E Vriezekolk

The frequency and impact of drug-related problems with postoperative medication reported by orthopaedic patients after discharge

骨科患者出院后报告的术后药物相关问题的频率及影响

Jinming Cao

Zhicong Chen

Feng Xu

Correspondence on: ‘Patient reported medication-related problems, adherence and waste of oral anticancer medication over time’ by van den Bemt<i>et al</i>

关于van den Bemt等人《患者报告的药物相关问题、依从性及口服抗癌药物浪费随时间变化》的通信

<h3>Objectives</h3> Inappropriate prescriptions are known to cause medication-related problems, but little is known about the prevalence of this issue in paediatric patients. This systematic review provides an overview of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions identified through tools developed for the paediatric population and delineates the strengths and limitations of the identification tools. <h3>Methods</h3> Literature from PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane database and Google Scholar was searched with a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) and free-text terms related to inappropriate prescriptions, paediatrics and potentially inappropriate prescription tools. Studies reported in English and published from inception of the databases until May 2023 were selected based on fulfilment of eligibility criteria. All eligible articles were assessed for methodological quality and examined using thematic analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were of high quality. Four themes emerged—namely, evaluation tools and calculation methods of inappropriate prescriptions, prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs), and predictors of PIM and PPO in children. Among the nine tools identified, the original and modified version of the POPI tool was most commonly used. The prevalence of PIM and PPO ranged from 0.04% to 69% and from 1.5% to 55.9%, respectively. Age was the most common predictor reported, whereby PIMs and PPOs were more likely in children aged 2–6 and 6–12 years, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Potentially inappropriate prescriptions in paediatric patients is highly prevalent, despite the wide variation in the reported prevalence range and limited implementation of the available tools in practice. Future efforts need to be focused on the development and implementation of age-, disease- or country-specific tools to effectively evaluate and further determine the economic impact of PIMs in children.

Shamala Balan

Norkasihan Ibrahim

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions identified using screening tools in paediatric patients: a systematic review

使用筛查工具识别的儿科患者中潜在不适当处方发生率的系统综述

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Pharmacists' involvement in patient care became more common in Finnish hospitals during the period of 2011–2016. The first national survey was conducted in 2011 and repeated using the same method in 2016. This development was in accordance with patient safety policy initiatives and European hospital pharmacy statements. This study aimed to conduct the third national follow-up survey on hospital clinical pharmacy services in Finland in 2022 and compare the results with those in 2016. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was conducted in 2022 as a national online survey targeting hospital pharmacies (n=22) and smaller-scale, independently operating medicine dispensaries (n=23). Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used for the data analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The response rate was 64% (n=29/45), accounting for 19/22 hospital pharmacies and 10/23 medicine dispensaries. Clinical pharmacy services were provided in 83% (n=24/29) of the responding units. The clinical pharmacy staff increased between 2017 and 2022 and services became more common, particularly at admission units (eg, emergency departments) and outpatient clinics. In some units (25%, n=6/24), services were also available in the evenings and in one unit during weekends. Similar to 2016, system-based medication safety risk management was also highlighted in this survey, and the first medication safety officer positions (n=8/24) were created. The most increased tasks were medication reviews and medication safety audits, while in 2016 the most increased task was medication reconciliation. Pharmacist participation in patient discharge had decreased. Despite the increasing prevalence of automation technology and pharmacy assistants, logistical tasks decreased only slightly. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Finnish hospital clinical pharmacy services have continued to expand in accordance with national and international guidelines, and have become increasingly concentrated on medication safety risk management. They currently engage in admission and outpatient units, but effort should also be put into discharge.

Lotta Linnea Schepel

Eva Kunnola

Marja Airaksinen

Kirsi Aronpuro

Kirsi Kvarnström

Evolution of hospital clinical pharmacy services in Finland in the period 2017–2022: the third nationwide follow-up survey

2017-2022年芬兰医院临床药学服务演变：第三次全国跟踪调查

Authorship attribution in scientific publications is increasingly significant, particularly in healthcare and hospital pharmacy. Authorship reflects the contributions of those involved in research, ensuring that scientific merit is recognised in a transparent and fair manner. However, unethical practices such as ghostwriting and guest or gift authorship compromise research transparency and integrity, undermining trust in published findings. Moreover, gender disparities affect the visibility and recognition of female researchers and healthcare professionals. The term 'author' should denote an individual who provides substantial intellectual input to the creation of scientific work. Scientific authorship formally acknowledges those who have made significant contributions to the conception, execution, and publication of a study.1 In healthcare, including hospital pharmacy, pharmacological and clinical research is essential to improve patient care, making the correct attribution of authorship a crucial factor. The guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) establish strict criteria to define authorship eligibility.2 However, in many academic and hospital settings, these criteria are not always observed, leading to unethical … Correspondence to Dr Eleonora Castellana; ecastellana{at}cittadellasalute.to.it

Eleonora Castellana

The importance of authorship integrity in scientific publications within healthcare and hospital pharmacy

医疗和医院药学领域科学出版物中作者诚信的重要性

Abbreviation	Eur J Hosp Pharm
Journal Impact	1.41
Quartiles(Global)	PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY(Q3)

ISSN	2047-9956, 2047-9964
h-index	24

Publication Information	Publisher: European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2012，Proportion of original research papers: 97.22%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy

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Performance and risks of ChatGPT used in drug information: an exploratory real-world analysis

Performance and risks of ChatGPT used in drug information: comment

The frequency and impact of drug-related problems with postoperative medication reported by orthopaedic patients after discharge

Correspondence on: ‘Patient reported medication-related problems, adherence and waste of oral anticancer medication over time’ by van den Bemtet al

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions identified using screening tools in paediatric patients: a systematic review

Correspondence on: ‘Patient reported medication-related problems, adherence and waste of oral anticancer medication over time’ by van den Bemtet al

The frequency and impact of drug-related problems with postoperative medication reported by orthopaedic patients after discharge

Evolution of hospital clinical pharmacy services in Finland in the period 2017–2022: the third nationwide follow-up survey

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions identified using screening tools in paediatric patients: a systematic review

The importance of authorship integrity in scientific publications within healthcare and hospital pharmacy