THE ANTHROPOCENE REVIEW 是一份跨学科期刊，每年发行 3 次，汇集了来自地球与环境科学、社会科学、材料科学和人文科学的人类世研究各个方面的同行评议文章。

The Anthropocene Review is an interdisciplinary journal published three times a year, featuring peer-reviewed articles from various fields including Earth and environmental sciences, social sciences, materials science, and humanities, covering all aspects of research on the Anthropocene.

《Anthropocene Review》是一本跨学科的期刊，每年出版三期，汇集了来自地球与环境科学、社会科学、材料科学和人文科学等领域的同行评审文章，涵盖人类世研究的各个方面。

Anthropocene Review

The ‘Great Acceleration’ graphs, originally published in 2004 to show socio-economic and Earth System trends from 1750 to 2000, have now been updated to 2010. In the graphs of socio-economic trends, where the data permit, the activity of the wealthy (OECD) countries, those countries with emerging economies, and the rest of the world have now been differentiated. The dominant feature of the socio-economic trends is that the economic activity of the human enterprise continues to grow at a rapid rate. However, the differentiated graphs clearly show that strong equity issues are masked by considering global aggregates only. Most of the population growth since 1950 has been in the non-OECD world but the world’s economy (GDP), and hence consumption, is still strongly dominated by the OECD world. The Earth System indicators, in general, continued their long-term, post-industrial rise, although a few, such as atmospheric methane concentration and stratospheric ozone loss, showed a slowing or apparent stabilisation over the past decade. The post-1950 acceleration in the Earth System indicators remains clear. Only beyond the mid-20th century is there clear evidence for fundamental shifts in the state and functioning of the Earth System that are beyond the range of variability of the Holocene and driven by human activities. Thus, of all the candidates for a start date for the Anthropocene, the beginning of the Great Acceleration is by far the most convincing from an Earth System science perspective.

Will Steffen

Wendy Broadgate

Lisa Deutsch

Owen Gaffney

Cornelia Ludwig

The Anthropocene Review

The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration

Groundwater supplies are dwindling worldwide as the Anthropocene deepens and human-water systems become more tightly coupled. Key actors are searching for ways to augment water supplies, including by large-scale transport. In this context, the role of human culture – values, beliefs, norms, symbols, language – is becoming even more important as a driver of socio-ecological change. We explore the role of culture in coupled, human-water systems through a case study of an emergent outcome in a groundwater-dependent system: the Kansas Aqueduct Project (KAP) – a large, yet-to-be-constructed infrastructure project that would divert water from the Missouri River 300 miles uphill, at exceptional cost to replenish groundwater supplies in the High Plains/Ogallala Aquifer, which has been depleted by irrigated agriculture. First proposed in the 1980s, the KAP has re-emerged as a socio-technical ‘solution’ to the unsustainable use of groundwater in Western Kansas. Given the significant barriers to its construction, why and how has the KAP survived as an idea? We employ the concept of a sociotechnical imaginary to understand the re-emergence of the KAP in this context. We show that the KAP is a re-assertion of an anthropocentric, specifically Euro-American cultural vision of progress and order, one that is based in environmental law, centers humans, naturalizes the region’s post-war history, and sees agriculture as the foundation of society. It is this order that is actually more imperiled by groundwater decline than the water itself.

Matthew R Sanderson

Burke W Griggs

Georg N Schäfer

Ad Astra per aquam (to the stars, through water): The Kansas Aqueduct Project as a sociotechnical imaginary in the Anthropocene

"通过水路通向星辰：人类世中的堪萨斯输水渠项目作为社会技术想象"

Since the turn of the century, there has been a developing conversation on where the start boundary of the Anthropocene should be situated in time. The article argues that these discussions have overlooked corporations’ history. Specifically, the Companies Act of 1862 was arguably the most important human invention passed in the middle of the 19th century. Effective solutions to climate change could be overlooked if the 1862 Companies Act is ignored. The Act’s passage and accompanying limited liability through the UK Parliament in 1862 boosted financial flows across international borders. It created the modern multinational corporate structure that dominates global business and politics. The Act also stimulated an unintended share-trading market based on the speculative value of company shares rather than dividends paid on company performance. The 1862 Act is the origin of the modern multinational company, which is held responsible for almost all the ecological harm done to the planet today. By the end of the 19th century, the flaws in the law were becoming apparent, highlighted by the Salomon vs Salomon legal dispute in 1897, which would be a warning for the future. The paper proposes re-imagining wealth distribution strategies that can address some unintended consequences of the 1862 Act. The research interrogates historical records and subsequent political, business, contemporary social commentary and literature, and academic material to investigate the 1862 Act’s impact using the concepts of historical institutionalism to reveal the evolution of the modern corporation.

Phillip Lawrence

The 1862 companies act, the origins of the Anthropocene boundary-getting the genie back in the bottle

1862年公司法，人类世边界的起源——如何将精灵放回瓶中

Equilibrium climate sensitivity modeling relies heavily on paleoclimate records that were affected by meteorite impacts and volcanic explosions. This paper conducts a thought experiment by re-assembling known data and theories to shed new light on anthropogenic carbon waste. Anthropogenic activity, meteorite impacts and volcanic explosions all extract material from the Earth’s crust and deposit it in the atmosphere. This thought experiment tests if the mass of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from 1851 to 2021 is comparable to the mass of atmospheric emissions from historical planetary events. Approximately 3.60 trillion tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalents are converted into volume and then transformed into the shape of a meteorite impact structure named the “Carbon Crater.” The 35 km crater (bounded by 34%–68% confidence intervals of 25–45 km) would rank 23rd on the list of known impact structures. The 2.6 km projectile required to create the Crater would be a 10 on the 1–10 Torino hazard scale described as “. . .capable of causing global climatic catastrophe. . .” The estimated re-occurrence interval for a projectile of this size is 5.3 million years. An interval of this time in Earth’s recent history predates homo sapiens. The Crater’s volume is exponentially larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa and ranks as an 8 (“mega-colossal”) on the 0–8 Volcanic Explosivity Index. The thought experiment indicates that the Carbon Crater’s scale is comparable with large historical biospheric events. These results likely confer few direct implications for the study of the paleoclimate in climate modeling but might change conceptual understandings of atmospheric human waste. Additional empirical research is required to understand the potential impact of the Carbon Crater on conceptual change.

Hal T Nelson

Paul Reynolds

Brian W Jewett

The carbon crater: Comparing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to historical planetary events

碳坑：将人为温室气体排放与历史行星事件进行比较

Corals are unique in the suite of proposed Anthropocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) archives, as living organisms that produce aragonite exoskeletons preserved in the geological record that contain highly accurate and precise (&lt;±1 year) internal chronologies. The GSSP candidate site North Flinders Reef in the Coral Sea (Australia) is an offshore oceanic reef, and therefore less vulnerable to local human influences than those closer to the coast. Here, we present geochemical records from two Porites sp. corals sampled at an annual to pluri-annual (i.e. 3–5 years) resolution that shows clear global and regional human impacts. Atmospheric nuclear bomb testing by-products ( 14 C, 239+240 Pu) show a clear increase in the Flinders Reef corals coincident with well-dated nuclear testing operations. By contrast, the radionuclides 241 Am and 137 Cs are present at low or undetectable levels, as are spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles. Coral δ 13 C shows centennial variability likely influenced by growth effects in the 18th century and with a progression to lower values starting in 1880 CE and accelerating post-1970 CE. The latter may be related to the Suess effect resulting from 13 C-depleted fossil fuel burning. Coral δ 15 N decreased between 1710 and 1954 CE with a reversal post-1954 CE. Coral temperature proxies indicate prominent centennial variability with equally warm conditions in the 18th and end of 20th century. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the mid-20th century changes in these parameters need to be scrutinised in further detail. Plain Language summary: This work proposes a candidate natural archive for the official marker of the Anthropocene that geologists will use to mark this important interval in time. Our candidate is a live coral from North Flinders Reef in the Coral Sea (Australia), located 150 km east of the Great Barrier Reef, a location that is remote from direct local human influences. Corals are a unique archive of tropical ocean change because they incorporate the geochemical signature from seawater into their limestone skeleton during their long life-spans. Here we investigated a number of geochemical markers in yearly growth layers of the corals to define several markers for the Anthropocene based on changes in temperature, water chemistry, chemicals from pollution and fertilisers, radioactive products from nuclear bomb testing, and by-products from burning fossil fuels. We have detected clear human influences in several of these markers.

Jens Zinke

Neal E Cantin

Kristine L DeLong

Kylie Palmer

Arnoud Boom

Irka Hajdas

Nicolas Duprey

Alfredo Martínez-García

Neil L Rose

Sarah L Roberts

Handong Yang

Lucy R Roberts

Andrew B Cundy

Pawel Gaca

James Andy Milton

Grace Frank

Adam Cox

Sue Sampson

Genevieve Tyrrell

Molly Agg

Simon D Turner

North Flinders Reef (Coral Sea, Australia) <i>Porites</i> sp. corals as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series

北弗林德斯礁（珊瑚海，澳大利亚）<i>Porites</i> 珊瑚作为人类世系列的全球界线层型剖面和点的候选

Ever since its inception, the Anthropocene as a concept has proven divisive among researchers in both the natural sciences and humanities. While some accept its validity, integrating the Anthropocene into a broader postanthropocentric turn alongside related ideas such as posthumanism, others reject the Anthropocene as somehow incriminating a collective ‘humanity’ as a whole. For its critics, the Anthropocene is a mistaken concept, because it is supposedly blind to historical, social and political factors. Jason W. Moore, a Marxist environmental historian, has argued for replacing the Anthropocene altogether, in favor of the ‘Capitalocene’. This would denote the causal effect capital accumulation exerts upon planetary processes. For Clive Hamilton, however, it is the Capitalocene which is too shallow. Similarly, Dipesh Chakrabarty has argued that exclusively society- or history-centric ideas are not enough and fail to take account of the ways in which geological deep time radically transcends the bounds of human history. Chakrabarty admits the local relevance of critical theory – as do many Anthropocene researchers. Emphasizing the importance of social critique need not necessarily come at the expense of privileging a human temporal perspective In this article, we argue that the Capitalocene and related concepts fail to take account of how the Anthropocene challenges Western humanist meta-narratives of linear temporality, progress and emancipation.

Márk Horváth

Ádám Lovász

From the Anthropocene to the Capitalocene and beyond

从人类世到资本世及超越

The idea of wilderness is being abandoned in restoration ecology due to metaphysical changes in the conception of nature. These changes are associated with the hybridization of nature and culture, an ontological distinction of modernity that touches its end in the Anthropocene. The notion of wilderness is falling because it was based on a static idea of nature, inherited from the modern conception of nature as passive, and this is affecting ecological restoration practices. The pursuit of wilderness has been abandoned in favor of wildness, vindicated by the so-called “rewilding philosophy.” Both restoration ecology and rewilding are based on the same corpus of ecology, but the first has historically operated in a period under the modern ontological distinction between nature and culture, while the second operates already in the hybridization of both categories. Rewilding does not pursue wilderness, no longer possible in the hybrid Anthropocene, but aims to restore the spontaneous order of the wildness.

Sergio Arias

The abandonment of the ideal of wilderness: Rewilding as the consequence of the Anthropocene metaphysics on restoration ecology

荒野理想的放弃：人类世形而上学对恢复生态学的影响下的再野化

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	2.64
Quartiles(Global)	GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q2)

ISSN	2053-0196, 2053-020X
h-index	35

Publication Information	Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2014，Proportion of original research papers: 66.67%，Self Citation Rate:16.00%， Gold OA Rate: 43.62%

Anthropocene Review

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The trajectory of the Anthropocene: The Great Acceleration

Ad Astra per aquam (to the stars, through water): The Kansas Aqueduct Project as a sociotechnical imaginary in the Anthropocene

The 1862 companies act, the origins of the Anthropocene boundary-getting the genie back in the bottle

The carbon crater: Comparing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to historical planetary events

North Flinders Reef (Coral Sea, Australia) Porites sp. corals as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series

Ad Astra per aquam (to the stars, through water): The Kansas Aqueduct Project as a sociotechnical imaginary in the Anthropocene

The 1862 companies act, the origins of the Anthropocene boundary-getting the genie back in the bottle

The carbon crater: Comparing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to historical planetary events

From the Anthropocene to the Capitalocene and beyond

The abandonment of the ideal of wilderness: Rewilding as the consequence of the Anthropocene metaphysics on restoration ecology