CATALYSTS (ISSN 2073-4344) 是催化剂和催化反应的国际开放获取期刊。 CATALYSTS 发表评论、定期研究论文（文章）和简短的交流。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论结果。因此，对论文的长度没有限制。必须提供完整的实验细节，以便重现结果。

"Catalysts" (ISSN 2073-4344) is an international open-access journal focused on catalysts and catalytic reactions. The journal publishes comments, regular research papers, and brief communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to share their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible; therefore, there is no limit on the length of papers. Authors must provide complete experimental details to allow for the reproducibility of results.

《Catalysts》（ISSN 2073-4344）是一本国际开放获取期刊，专注于催化剂及其催化反应。期刊发表评论、定期研究论文和简短交流。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地分享他们的实验和理论结果，因此对论文的长度没有限制。作者必须提供完整的实验细节，以便他人能够重现结果。

Catalysts

Polymeric materials are widely used in every human endeavor (bottles, clothes, containers, toys, tools, etc.) due to their unique properties of chemical and mechanical resistance. They are, however, almost non-biodegradable, and their chemical recycling into monomers is difficult and costly, thereby allowing their accumulation into the environment. This review highlights recent advances in the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as catalysts and/or green solvents in plastics degradation, with the aim of designing greener processes for polymers’ chemical recycling, by reusing their monomers. These greener processes, in combination with other catalytic approaches, are aimed at introducing plastics as feedstock into the synthesis of other materials, according to the circular economy principles.

Andrea Nicola Paparella

Serena Perrone

Antonio Salomone

Francesco Messa

Luciana Cicco

Vito Capriati

Filippo Maria Perna

Paola Vitale

Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Plastic Depolymerization

深共晶溶剂在塑料解聚中的应用

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have garnered extensive scientific interest since 1972 and have been widely used in many areas, such as sustainable energy generation and the removal of environmental pollutants. Although TiO2 possesses the desired performance in utilizing ultraviolet light, its overall solar activity is still very limited because of a wide bandgap (3.0–3.2 eV) that cannot make use of visible light or light of longer wavelength. This phenomenon is a deficiency for TiO2 with respect to its potential application in visible light photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical devices, as well as photovoltaics and sensors. The high overpotential, sluggish migration, and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs are crucial factors that restrict further application of TiO2. Recently, a broad range of research efforts has been devoted to enhancing the optical and electrical properties of TiO2, resulting in improved photocatalytic activity. This review mainly outlines state-of-the-art modification strategies in optimizing the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, including the introduction of intrinsic defects and foreign species into the TiO2 lattice, morphology and crystal facet control, and the development of unique mesocrystal structures. The band structures, electronic properties, and chemical features of the modified TiO2 nanomaterials are clarified in detail along with details regarding their photocatalytic performance and various applications.

Xiaolan Kang

Sihang Liu

Zideng Dai

Yunping He

Xuezhi Song

Zhenquan Tan

Titanium Dioxide: From Engineering to Applications

二氧化钛：从工程到应用

The direct reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with NH3 and H2 is an alternative route to produce primary amines in practical production. The search for efficient and selective catalysts has attracted great interest. In the present work, the reductive amination of heptaldehyde with NH3 was investigated over a Ru-based catalyst. The product selectivities were found to be related with the supports of Ru. The alumina with spinel structure (γ-Al2O3, θ-Al2O3)-supported Ru catalysts exhibited selectivity favoring primary amines (94% yield) at 100% heptaldehyde conversion under optimal conditions. Purely basic (MgO, CaO) and relative acidic (Nb2O5, SnO2, MCM-41, HZSM-5) supports showed relatively poor selectivity towards primary amines (0%–53% yield). The reductive amination mechanism was also proposed. The Schiff base N-[heptylene]heptyl-1-amine was a key intermediate. Ru/γ-Al2O3 was shown to be an excellent hydrogenolysis catalyst to selectively produce primary amine by amination and hydrogenolysis of N-[heptylene]heptyl-1-amine.

Bo Dong

Xingcui Guo

Bo Zhang

Xiufang Chen

Jing Guan

Yunfei Qi

Sheng Han

Xindong Mu

Heterogeneous Ru-Based Catalysts for One-Pot Synthesis of Primary Amines from Aldehydes and Ammonia

基于Ru的非均相催化剂用于醛和氨的一锅法合成伯胺

Control of gaseous emissions from livestock operations is needed to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability of the industry. The focus of this research was to mitigate livestock odor emissions with UV light. Effects of the UV dose, wavelength, TiO2 catalyst, air temperature, and relative humidity were tested at lab scale on a synthetic mixture of nine odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and real poultry manure offgas. Results show that it was feasible to control odorous VOCs with both photolysis and photocatalysis (synthetic VOCs mixture) and with photocatalysis (manure offgas). The treatment effectiveness R (defined as % conversion), was proportional to the light intensity for synthetic VOCs mixtures and followed an order of UV185+254 + TiO2 &gt; UV254 + TiO2 &gt; UV185+254; no catalyst &gt; UV254; no catalyst. VOC conversion R &gt; 80% was achieved when light energy was &gt;~60 J L−1. The use of deep UV (UV185+254) improved the R, particularly when photolysis was the primary treatment. Odor removal up to ~80% was also observed for a synthetic VOCs mixture, and actual poultry manure offgas. Scale-up studies are warranted.

Xiuyan Yang

Jacek A. Koziel

Yael Laor

Wenda Zhu

J. (Hans) van Leeuwen

William S. Jenks

Steven J. Hoff

Jeffrey Zimmerman

Shicheng Zhang

Uzi Ravid

Robert Armon

VOC Removal from Manure Gaseous Emissions with UV Photolysis and UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis

利用UV光解和UV-TiO2光催化降解畜禽粪便气体排放中的VOC

Ultraviolet (UV)-based photocatalysis has been the subject of numerous investigations focused on mitigating undesirable pollutants in the gas phase. Few works report on applications beyond the proof of the concept. Even less is known about the current state of the art of UV photocatalysis in the context of animal agriculture. A growing body of research published over the last 15 years has advanced the knowledge and feasibility of UV-A photocatalysis for swine and poultry farm applications. This review paper summarizes UV-A photocatalysis technology’s effectiveness in mitigating targeted air pollutants in livestock and poultry farms. Specifically, air pollutants include odor, odorous VOCs, NH3, H2S and greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O). We trace the progression of UV-A photocatalysis applications in animal farming since the mid-2000 and developments from laboratory to farm-scale trials. In addition, this review paper discusses the practical limitations and outlines the research needs for increasing the technology readiness and practical UV application in animal farming.

Myeongseong Lee

Peiyang Li

Mitigation of Air Pollutants by UV-A Photocatalysis in Livestock and Poultry Farming: A Mini-Review

紫外线-A光催化在畜禽养殖中减少空气污染的缓解作用：小综述

The Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis process is projected to have a significant impact in the near future due to its potential for synthesizing sustainable fuels from biomass, carbon dioxide and organic wastes. In this catalytic process, catalyst activation plays a major role in the overall performance of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Catalyst activation temperatures are considerably higher than the typical operating conditions of industrial reactors. Consequently, ex situ activation is often required for industrial Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis processes. This study evaluated the influence of different activation approaches (in situ, ex situ, passivation and low-temperature activation). Catalytic experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 230 °C and 20 bar·g using a reference supported Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Experimental results demonstrate that catalysts can be effectively reduced ex situ. This work reveals that re-activation of the catalyst after ex situ reduction is unnecessary, as the reaction conditions themselves re-reduce any superficial oxides formed, owing to the reducing nature of the reactant mixture. This approach could simplify reactor design by enabling temperature requirements to match operating conditions (e.g., 230 °C), thereby reducing both investment and operational costs and eliminating additional catalyst preparation steps.

M. Amine Lwazzani

Andrés A. García García Blanco

Martí Biset-Peiró

Elena Martín Morales

Jordi Guilera

Unveiling the Influence of Activation Protocols on Cobalt Catalysts for Sustainable Fuel Synthesis

揭示活化方案对可持续燃料合成钴催化剂的影响

This review explores the advancements in photocatalysis facilitated by cucurbiturils (CBs), specifically focusing on CB[5], CB[6], CB[7], and CB[8]. Cucurbiturils have gained prominence due to their exceptional ability to enhance photocatalytic reactions through mechanisms such as improved charge separation, high adsorption capacities, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The review summarizes recent research on the use of CBs in various photocatalytic applications, including dye degradation, pollutant removal, and wastewater treatment. Studies highlight CB[5]’s utility in dye removal and the creation of efficient nanocomposites for improved degradation rates. CB[6] is noted for its high adsorption capacities and photocatalytic efficiency in both adsorption and degradation processes. CB[7] shows promise in adsorbing and degrading toxic dyes and enhancing fluorescence in biomedical applications, while CB[8] leads to significant improvements in photocatalytic activity and stability. The review also discusses the synthesis, properties, and functionalization of cucurbiturils to maximize their photocatalytic potential. Future research directions include the optimization of cucurbituril-based composites, the exploration of new application areas, and scaling up their use for practical environmental and industrial applications. This comprehensive review provides insights into the current capabilities of cucurbituril-based photocatalysts and identifies key areas for future development in sustainable photocatalytic technologies.

Mosab Kaseem

A Review of Innovative Cucurbituril-Based Photocatalysts for Dye Degradation

瓜环基光催化剂在染料降解中的创新研究综述

One of the current challenges in organic synthesis is the direct alkylation of heterocyclic systems with a minimal impact on the environment. In this report, 4-substituted hydroxyalkyl quinolines were obtained by treating quinoline with different alkyl carboxylic acids in the presence of catalytic amounts of an iron (III) chloride–phenanthroline complex. The reaction was mediated by blue LED light under acidic conditions as a cleaner alternative to conventional heating, reducing the use of harmful substances.

Zita G. Ríos-Malváez

Nelly González-Rivas

Erick Cuevas-Yañez

Quinoline Hydroxyalkylations from Iron-Catalyzed, Visible-Light-Driven Decarboxylations

可见光驱动铁催化喹啉羟烷基化的脱羧反应

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and chlorobenzene (CB) released during waste incineration and iron ore sintering pose significant threats to both the atmosphere and human health, necessitating effective control measures. Vanadium-based catalysts are commonly employed for the simultaneous control of NOx and CB; however, their catalytic performance requires further enhancement. In this study, the NH3-SCR activity and CB catalytic oxidation (CBCO) activity were significantly enhanced by doping the V10W/Ti catalyst with Ce. During the multi-pollutant control (MPC) reaction, the optimized 15CeV10W/Ti catalyst demonstrated NOx conversion approaching 100% and N2 selectivity exceeding 95% at temperatures between 210 and 450 °C. Additionally, it achieved CB conversion nearing 100% and CO2 selectivity above 80% at temperatures above 350 °C. These results were markedly superior to those of the conventional commercial 1%V2O5–10%WO3/TiO2 catalyst. Characterization studies indicated that the 15CeV10W/Ti catalyst possessed improved redox performance and more acidic sites. In the MPC reaction, the declined CBCO activity, compared to the CB separate oxidation, can be attributed primarily to the competitive adsorption of NH3 with CB. Conversely, the observed decrease in NOx conversion at lower temperatures was primarily due to the suppression of the oxidation of NO to NO2 by CB.

Na Zhu

Lingyu Yu

Pengpeng Xu

Yang Deng

Enhanced Performance of Ce Doping VW/Ti Catalysts for Synergistic Catalytic Removal of NOx and Chlorobenzene

Ce掺杂VW/Ti催化剂在NOx与氯苯协同催化去除中的性能提升

1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine (DPEDA) is a privileged chiral scaffold being used in the construction of a broad variety of organocatalysts and ligands for enantioselective organic reactions. This molecule gave a significant contribution in the synthesis of structurally different bi/multifunctional organocatalysts. DPEDA played an essential role in the development of organocatalysts capable of yielding important information on the different reaction mechanisms, like enamine, iminium, hydrogen-bonding and anion-binding catalysis. The aim of the present review is to highlight and summarize the achievements reached in the last 20 years (2004–2024) in the chemistry of DPEDA-based organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis.

Shilashi Badasa Oljira

Martina De Angelis

Andrea Sorato

Giulia Mazzoccanti

Simone Manetto

Ilaria D’Acquarica

Alessia Ciogli

The Enantiopure 1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine (DPEDA) Motif in the Development of Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Reactions: Advances in the Last 20 Years

手性纯1,2-二苯基乙二胺(DPEDA)基序在不对称反应有机催化剂开发中的应用：过去20年的进展

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	3.77
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL(Q2)

Publication Information	Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2011，Proportion of original research papers: 88.77%，Self Citation Rate:10.50%， Gold OA Rate: 99.41%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	期刊官网数据：平均13.91天网友分享经验：11 Weeks

Catalysts

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