MINERALS (ISSN 2075-163X) 是一本国际开放获取期刊，涵盖矿物学、经济矿产资源、矿产勘探、创新采矿技术和矿物加工进步等广泛领域。它发表评论、定期研究论文和简短的笔记。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论结果。论文的长度没有限制。必须提供完整的实验细节，以便重现结果。

"Minerals" (ISSN 2075-163X) is an international open-access journal that covers a wide range of fields including mineralogy, economic mineral resources, mineral exploration, innovative mining technologies, and advancements in mineral processing. The journal publishes commentaries, regular research papers, and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no limit on the length of papers, and complete experimental details must be provided to allow for the reproducibility of results.

《Minerals》（ISSN 2075-163X）是一本国际开放获取期刊，涵盖矿物学、经济矿产资源、矿产勘探、创新采矿技术和矿物加工等多个领域。期刊接受评论文章、定期研究论文和简短的笔记。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论结果。论文长度没有限制，要求提供完整的实验细节，以便他人能够重现结果。

Minerals

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (&lt;0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles &lt;63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto

Eduardo Garzón

Luis Pérez-Villarejo

George N. Angelopoulos

Dolores Eliche-Quesada

Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

The origin and tectonic implication of Early–Middle Devonian magmatism in the northern margin of YB (Yili Block) remain enigmatic and are important for understanding Late Paleozoic evolution of the Junggar Ocean and southern Kazakhstan Orocline. Here, we present the systematic study of whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope features as well as U–Pb–Hf isotope characteristics of zircon crystals for newly identified Early Devonian volcanic rocks from the northern margin of YB. The volcanic rocks are composed of rhyolite, rhyolite porphyry, and rhyolitic tuff. Zircon U-Pb age dating indicates they were formed at ca. 407~418 Ma. They have high SiO2 (70.16–77.52 wt.%) and alkali (5.10–9.56 wt.%) contents, and high Zr + Nb + Ce + Y content (~456 ppm), indicative of A-type magma. Their relative depletion of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and enrichment of LILEs show arc affinity. Their low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.699708–0.709822) and negative εNd(t) values (−1.8 to −4.0) indicate a mainly continental magma source and their positive εHf(t)values (+6.13 to +14.81) are possibly due to the garnet effect. All these above reveal that volcanic rocks were generated by re-melting of lower crust under a high temperature condition, which was induced by long-lived heat accumulation with no or minimal basalt flux. Combined with active continental margin inference evidenced by contemporaneous sedimentary rocks, we attribute the generation of the volcanic rocks to a continental arc setting related to the southward subduction of Junggar oceanic crust. Thus, we infer the Early–Middle Devonian arc-related magmatic rocks in the northern margin of YB are eastward counterparts of the southern limb of the Devonian Volcanic Belt, which resulted from a relatively steady-state southward subduction.

Youxin Chen

Shengqiang Zhu

Xianzhi Pei

Lei He

Jun Zhao

Bate Bulong

Meng Wang

Shaowei Zhao

Hai Zhou

Early Devonian Arc-Related Volcanic Rocks in the Haerdaban, North Margin of the Yili Block: Constraint on the Southward Subduction of the Junggar Ocean

A total gold extraction of 70.2% could only be reached via direct cyanidation from a refractory As-, S- and C-bearing gold concentrate calcine, and the gold extraction varied noticeably with different size fractions. The reasons for unsatisfactory gold extraction from the calcine were studied through analyses of chemical composition, chemical phase and SEM-EDS of different sizes of particles. It was found that a significant segregation of compositions occurred during the grinding of gold ore before flotation. As a result, for the calcine obtained after oxidative roasting, the encapsulation of gold by iron oxides was easily engendered in finer particles, whilst in coarser particles the gold encapsulation by silicates was inclined to occur likely due to melted silicates blocking the porosity of particles. The improvement of gold leaching from different size fractions was further investigated through pretreatments with alkali washing, acid pickling or sulfuric acid curing-water leaching. Finally, a novel process was recommended and the total gold extraction from the calcine could be increased substantially to 93.6% by the purposeful pretreatment with alkali washing for the relatively coarse size fraction (+37 μm) and sulfuric acid curing–water leaching for the fine size fraction (−37 μm).

Qian Li

Yan Zhang

Xiaoliang Liu

Bin Xu

Yongbin Yang

Tao Jiang

Improvement of Gold Leaching from a Refractory Gold Concentrate Calcine by Separate Pretreatment of Coarse and Fine Size Fractions

During the roasting of gold concentrate to improve gold recovery, arsenic is released into the air and valuable elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb are converted into oxide minerals. In this research, we evaluated the release of As and the loss of valuable metals during the acid baking and hot water leaching processes used for gold concentrate. The acid bake tests were conducted for gold concentrate using an electric furnace by applying various concentrations of H2SO4 solution under different baking times. The water leaching process was enacted using 70 °C water for the baked samples. Chemical and mineral compositions of the raw and treated samples were analyzed using AAS and XRD, respectively. The results show that soluble metal sulfates, such as rhomboclase and mikasite, were formed in the baked samples, and that the leaching of valuable metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) was accelerated during the hot water leaching procedure. During acid baking, arsenic was partially removed by volatilization, and the rest of the arsenic-containing minerals were converted to soluble minerals. The soluble arsenic-containing mineral resulted in a dissolution that was 60 times higher than in the roasted sample. The maximum gold grade of solid residues increased up to 33% through the acid baking–water leaching process. It was confirmed that acid baking with H2SO4 prevented As release into the air, as well as the recovery of valuable metals through hot water leaching, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb, which were formerly discarded in the tailings.

Bongju Kim

Chulhyun Park

Kanghee Cho

Jaehyun Kim

Nagchoul Choi

Soonjae Lee

Sulfuric Acid Baking—Water Leaching for Gold Enrichment and Arsenic Removal from Gold Concentrate

In this report, the vanadium recovery mechanisms by novel BaCO3/CaO composite additive roasting and acid leaching technology, including the phase transformations and the vanadium leaching kinetics, were studied. The purpose of this manuscript is to realize and improve the vanadium recovery from stone coal using BaCO3/CaO as the composite additive. The results indicated that during the composite additive BaCO3/CaO roasting process, the monoclinic crystalline structure of muscovite (K(Al,V)2[Si3AlO10](OH)2) was converted into the hexagonal crystalline structure of BaSi4O9 and the tetragonal crystalline structure of Gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7), which could, therefore, facilitate the release and extraction of vanadium. Vanadium in leaching residue was probably in the form of vanadate or pyrovanadate of barium and calcium, which were hardly extracted during the sulfuric acid leaching process. The vanadium leaching kinetic analysis indicated that the leaching process was controlled by the diffusion through a product layer. The apparent activation energy could be achieved as 46.51 kJ/mol. The reaction order with respect to the sulfuric acid concentration was 1.1059. The kinetic model of vanadium recovery from stone coal using novel composite additive BaCO3/CaO could be finally established.

Zhenlei Cai

Yimin Zhang

Tao Liu

Jing Huang

Mechanisms of Vanadium Recovery from Stone Coal by Novel BaCO3/CaO Composite Additive Roasting and Acid Leaching Technology

This study presents the synthesis of a CuO-TiO2–saponite ternary nanocomposite via a hydrothermal method, designed to efficiently remove bromocresol green dye. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, confirmed significant interactions between metal oxide nanoparticles and the clay mineral matrix. Diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence analyses revealed a narrow band gap and surface defects, such as oxygen vacancies, enhancing the material’s photocatalytic properties. Under UV irradiation, the nanocomposite achieved 83% discoloration of bromocresol green dye within 150 min. The inhibitor studies identified hydroxyl and superoxide radicals as key species in the degradation mechanism. This work underscores the potential of clay-mineral-based nanocomposites, where clay minerals function both as structural support and as enhancers of the semiconductor’s photocatalytic activity.

Pollyana Trigueiro

Willams A. Albuquerque

Aimée G. Jerônimo

Monica Sá Rodrigues

Emanoel L. Tavares França

Ramón Raudel Peña-Garcia

CuO-TiO2–Saponite Ternary Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Bromocresol Green Dye

CuO-TiO2-皂石三元纳米复合材料用于高效去除溴甲酚绿染料

The significance of the roughness of particles in flotation has been recognized for several decades. In this study, to investigate the effect of particle roughness, a series of rod milling with different grinding durations is performed on the quartz particles. Subsequently, the particle roundness, wetting rate, and floatability are measured. Finally, the flotation kinetic experiments are conducted based on a fixed particle size, and the interaction energy between rough particles and bubbles is calculated based on extended DLVO (E-DLVO) theory. Results show that by increasing the grinding time, the hydrophobic particle surface roughness increases, and the improved flotation rate constant increases. While the results of the E-DLVO calculation show that the interaction energy barrier between particles and bubbles decreases significantly as the roughness increases, the theoretical calculation and the experimental results confirm that an increase in the particle surface roughness decreases the interaction energy barrier between particle bubbles and increases the flotation rate.

Rui Zhang

Shiqi Dai

Jincheng Liu

Zhili Yang

Baisheng Nie

Yaowen Xing

Xiahui Gui

New Insight into the Effect of Particle Surface Roughness on Flotation Efficiency: An Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

颗粒表面粗糙度对浮选效率影响的新见解：实验与理论分析

The genetic link between Weideshan-type rocks and gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula remains unclear. In this study, we examined the geochemical characteristics, water content, and oxidation states of Weideshan-type rocks and associated felsic dykes to assess the potential of a Weideshan-type batholith in directly contributing the fluids responsible for extensive gold mineralization. The findings reveal that the emplacement timing of Weideshan-type magmatic rocks in the Jiaodong Peninsula is slightly different from the timing of gold mineralization. Additionally, high zircon Eu/Eu* values indicate a relatively high water content within the Weideshan batholith. However, due to limited data on crystallization pressures, it remains equivocal whether water was saturated during the emplacement of the Weideshan batholith. Even if fluid saturation did occur, the magmatic oxidation states of Weideshan-type rocks are notably high (&gt;FMQ + 1.5), which is incompatible with the reduced mineral assemblages typical of Jiaodong gold deposits. Therefore, our study suggests that the genetic link between gold mineralization and Weideshan-period granitic magmatism may be weak.

Leilei Dong

Zhonghua Tian

The Weideshan Batholith and Felsic Dykes in the Eastern Jiaodong Peninsula: Is There Any Possible Relation to Gold Mineralization?

胶东半岛东部的伟德山岩基与酸性岩脉：与金矿化的可能关系是什么？

Qing-Chengzi (QCZ) is an important silver-gold mining area in the eastern part of the Northeast China Craton. The shallow minerals in this area are almost completely depleted, leading to a demand for exploration to find deeper, concealed deposits. However, due to the rugged terrain, few high-precision ground surveys have been executed in this area, resulting in an insufficient understanding of the unexposed ores. To address this issue, this study implemented a high-precision ground magnetic survey to identify faults and potential rocks in this area. To achieve these goals, remanence was analyzed to reduce its adverse effect on processing. Then, lineament enhancement with directional derivatives was conducted on the pre-processed magnetic anomalies to highlight structural features. Based on the results, eight major and twenty-one minor faults were identified, among which three major faults correspond well to the known faults. Most of the major faults run N–S, and the others run NW/NE. Furthermore, 3D inversion was conducted to locate potential rocks. Our inversion results indicate that there are six hidden rocks in the underground, extending from a depth of a few hundred meters to no more than three km. Two of the rocks correspond well to the already mined areas. This study provides support for subsequent exploration in the QCZ area.

Jianyu Li

Jun Wang

Xiaohong Meng

Yuan Fang

Weichen Li

Shunong Yang

An Analysis and Interpretation of Magnetic Data of the Qing-Chengzi Deposit in Eastern Liaoning (China) Area: Guide for Structural Identification and Mineral Exploration

辽东（中国）青城子矿床磁测数据的分析与解释：构造识别与矿产勘探指南

This study investigates the reactivity of municipal solid waste incineration residues to aqueous carbonation, focusing on CO2 absorption rates, uptakes, and heavy metal (HM) leachability. Various combinations of boiler, electrofilter, and bag filter residues were assessed under typical incineration conditions. Bag filter residues from lime-sorbent plants exhibited the highest CO2 uptake (244.5 gCO2/kg), while bottom ash (BA) fine fraction, boiler/electrofilter fly ash (FA), and other mixed air pollution control residue (APCr) demonstrated uptakes of 101, 0, 93, and 167 gCO2/kg, respectively. Carbonation kinetics revealed that high calcium content FA and APCr, followed similar CO2 absorption trends. Notably, BA carbonation was predominantly driven by Ca-aluminates rather than lime. Carbonation reduces leaching of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn compared to water washing, though significant concerns arise with anions such as Sb and Cr. In BA, critical behaviours of Cr, Mn, and Fe were observed, with Cr leaching likely controlled by Fe-Mn-Cr oxide particle dissolution. These findings highlight the potential of integrating enhanced metal recovery (EMR) through density or magnetic separation in BA prior to carbonation to reduce HM leaching and recycle critical metals (Ag, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, etc).

Quentin Wehrung

Davide Bernasconi

Enrico Destefanis

Caterina Caviglia

Nadia Curetti

Sara Di Felice

Erica Bicchi

Alessandro Pavese

Linda Pastero

Aqueous Carbonation of Waste Incineration Residues: Comparing BA, FA, and APCr Across Production Scenarios

废焚烧残渣的水合碳化：比较不同生产情景下的BA、FA和APCr

Abbreviation	Minerals. (Basel).
Journal Impact	2.31
Quartiles(Global)	MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING(Q2)

Publication Information	Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2010，Proportion of original research papers: 95.97%，Self Citation Rate:13.60%， Gold OA Rate: 99.65%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	期刊官网数据：平均19.04天网友分享经验：11 Weeks

Minerals

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