抗氧化剂 (ISSN 2076-3921)，为与抗氧化剂科学和技术相关的研究提供了一个高级论坛。它发表研究论文、评论和通讯。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论结果。论文的长度没有限制。必须提供完整的实验细节，以便重现结果。有关计算或实验程序的全部细节的电子文件和软件，如果不能以正常方式发布，可以作为补充电子材料存放。

Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921) is a high-level forum dedicated to research related to the science and technology of antioxidants. The journal publishes research papers, reviews, and communications, aiming to encourage scientists to report their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no limit on the length of papers, and complete experimental details must be provided to allow for the reproducibility of results. Any detailed electronic files and software related to computational or experimental procedures that cannot be published in the usual manner may be stored as supplementary electronic materials.

《Antioxidants》 (ISSN 2076-3921) 是一个专注于抗氧化剂科学与技术的高级论坛。期刊发表研究论文、评论和通讯，旨在鼓励科学家详细报告他们的实验和理论结果。论文长度没有限制，要求提供完整的实验细节，以便他人能够重现结果。如果计算或实验程序的详细信息无法以常规方式发布，可以将其作为补充电子材料存放。

Antioxidants

Mitochondria are key players in energy production, critical activity for the smooth functioning of energy-demanding organs such as the muscles, brain, and heart. Therefore, dysregulation or alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics primarily perturb these organs. Within the cell, mitochondria are the major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the activity of different enzymes since it is one of the organelles with the major availability of oxygen. ROS can act as signaling molecules in a number of different pathways by modulating calcium (Ca2+) signaling. Interactions among ROS and calcium signaling can be considered bidirectional, with ROS regulating cellular Ca2+ signaling, whereas Ca2+ signaling is essential for ROS production. In particular, we will discuss how alterations in the crosstalk between ROS and Ca2+ can lead to mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunctions and the consequent damage to tissues at high energy demand, such as the heart. Changes in Ca2+ can induce mitochondrial alterations associated with reduced ATP production and increased production of ROS. These changes in Ca2+ levels and ROS generation completely paralyze cardiac contractility. Thus, ROS can hinder the excitation–contraction coupling, inducing arrhythmias, hypertrophy, apoptosis, or necrosis of cardiac cells. These interplays in the cardiovascular system are the focus of this review.

Bianca De Nicolo

Erica Cataldi-Stagetti

Chiara Diquigiovanni

Elena Bonora

Calcium and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Interplays in Cardiac Physiology and Pathologies

In this study, sheep plasma was submitted to Alcalase-hydrolysis and peptides with better antioxidant properties measured through both the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability assays were isolated and identified. After hydrolysate ultrafiltration and semi-preparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, nine fractions (F1-F9) were obtained, with the two first (F1 and F2) showing the greatest antioxidant potential. These two fractions were further separated by the AKTA purifier system to generate four (F1-1-F1-4) and five (F2-1-F2-5) fractions, respectively, with two of them (F1-2 and F2-1) exhibiting appreciable FRAP activity and DPPH radical scavenging ability. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, three antioxidant peptides were identified. From their amino acid sequences (QTALVELLK, SLHTLFGDELCK, and MPCTEDYLSLILNR), which include amino acids that have been previously reported as key contributors to the peptide antioxidant properties, it can be maintained that they come mainly from serum albumin. These results suggested that the sheep plasma protein can be considered as a good source of antioxidant peptides and bring forth new possibilities for the utilization of animal blood by-products.

Chengli Hou

Liguo Wu

Zhenyu Wang

Elena Saguer

Dequan Zhang

Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Alcalase-Derived Peptides from Sheep Plasma Proteins

羊血浆蛋白Alcalase衍生抗氧化肽的纯化与鉴定

Coarse cereals are rich in dietary fiber, B vitamins, minerals, secondary metabolites, and other bioactive components, which exert numerous health benefits. To better understand the diversity of metabolites in different coarse cereals, we performed widely targeted metabolic profiling analyses of six popular coarse cereals, millet, coix, buckwheat, quinoa, oat, and grain sorghum, of which 768 metabolites are identified. Moreover, quinoa and buckwheat showed significantly different metabolomic profiles compared with other coarse cereals. Analysis of the accumulation patterns of common nutritional metabolites among six coarse cereals, we found that the accumulation of carbohydrates follows a conserved pattern in the six coarse cereals, while those of amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids, and lipids were complementary. Furthermore, the species-specific metabolites in each coarse cereal were identified, and the neighbor-joining tree for the six coarse cereals was constructed based on the metabolome data. Since sorghum contains more species-specific metabolites and occupies a unique position on the neighbor-joining tree, the metabolite differences between grain sorghum 654 and sweet sorghum LTR108 were finally compared specifically, revealing that LTR108 contained more flavonoids and had higher antioxidant activity than 654. Our work supports an overview understanding of nutrient value in different coarse cereals, which provides the metabolomic evidence for the healthy diet. Additionally, the superior antioxidant activity of sweet sorghum provides clues for its targeted uses.

Yao Zhao

Guowei Zhai

Xuetong Li

Han Tao

Linying Li

Yuqing He

Xueying Zhang

Fulin Wang

Gaojie Hong

Ying Zhu

Metabolomics Reveals Nutritional Diversity among Six Coarse Cereals and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Grain Sorghum and Sweet Sorghum

We aimed to use a genetic risk score (GRS) constructed with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and an oxidative stress score (OSS) to construct an early-prediction model for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) incidence in a Korean population. The study population included 549 prediabetes and T2DM patients and 1036 normal subjects. The GRS was constructed using six prediabetes and T2DM-related SNPs, and the OSS was composed of three recognized oxidative stress biomarkers. Among the nine SNPs, six showed significant associations with the incidence of prediabetes and T2DM. The GRS was profoundly associated with increased prediabetes and T2DM (OR = 1.946) compared with individual SNPs after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Each of the three oxidative stress biomarkers was markedly higher in the prediabetes and T2DM group than in the normal group, and the OSS was significantly associated with increased prediabetes and T2DM (OR = 2.270). When BMI was introduced to the model with the OSS and GRS, the area under the ROC curve improved (from 69.3% to 70.5%). We found that the prediction model composed of the OSS, GRS, and BMI showed a significant prediction ability for the incidence of prediabetes and T2DM.

Ximei Huang

Youngmin Han

Kyunghye Jang

Minjoo Kim

Early Prediction for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Using the Genetic Risk Score and Oxidative Stress Score

Epithelia in the skin, gut and other environmentally exposed organs display a variety of mechanisms to control microbial communities and limit potential pathogenic microbial invasion. Naturally occurring antimicrobial proteins/peptides and their synthetic derivatives (here collectively referred to as AMPs) reinforce the antimicrobial barrier function of epithelial cells. Understanding how these AMPs are functionally regulated may be important for new therapeutic approaches to combat microbial infections. Some AMPs are subject to redox-dependent regulation. This review aims to: (i) explore cysteine-based redox active AMPs in skin and intestine; (ii) discuss casual links between various redox environments of these barrier tissues and the ability of AMPs to control cutaneous and intestinal microbes; (iii) highlight how bacteria, through intrinsic mechanisms, can influence the bactericidal potential of redox-sensitive AMPs.

Piotr Brzoza

Urszula Godlewska

Arkadiusz Borek

Agnieszka Morytko

Aneta Zegar

Patrycja Kwiecinska

Brian A. Zabel

Artur Osyczka

Mateusz Kwitniewski

Joanna Cichy

Redox Active Antimicrobial Peptides in Controlling Growth of Microorganisms at Body Barriers

氧化还原活性抗菌肽在控制身体屏障微生物生长中的作用

This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the bioactive potential of acorn flour extracts (Quercus robur, Fagaceae) prepared at different temperatures (20, 60, 80 and 100 °C), focusing on polyphenolic content, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory activities. Through HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, 36 bioactive compounds were identified, with the extract at 60 °C showing the highest concentrations of key polyphenols, notably gallic acid (210,008.9 mg·kg−1) and ellagic acid (45,469.6 mg·kg−1). This extract also exhibited a high antioxidant activity and significant inhibition of glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase, suggesting potential benefits for diabetes management and neuroprotection. The results indicate that extraction temperature affects bioactivity, with the 60 °C extract standing out as a promising candidate for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications due to its rich polyphenol profile and potent biological properties.

Laura Acquaticci

Agnese Santanatoglia

Elena Vittadini

Daniela Beghelli

Antonietta La Terza

Gokhan Zengin

Giovanni Caprioli

Quantification of Bioactive Compounds by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Acorn Flour Extracts

通过HPLC-ESI-MS/MS定量生物活性化合物及评估橡子粉提取物的抗氧化和酶抑制活性

Viral infections and many other dangerous diseases are accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which is a consequence of an increase in the level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this regard, the search for effective antioxidants remains highly relevant. We tested fullerenol C60(OH)36 in the context of the connection between its self-assembly in aqueous solutions and cell culture media, antiradical activity, UV cytoprotective action, and antiviral activity against international reference strains of influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B subtypes in vitro on the MDCK cell line. Various characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, NMR and ESR spectrometry, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), dynamic light-scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential measurements, were used to confirm the production of fullerenol and study its self-assembly in aqueous solutions and cell culture media. Fullerenol C60(OH)36 demonstrated the ability to scavenge •DPPH, •OH, O2•− radicals and 1O2 and was non-toxic in the range of the studied concentrations (up to 200 μg/mL) when incubated with MDCK cells for 24 h. In addition, fullerenol exhibited a cytoprotective effect under UV irradiation (EC50 = 29.7 ± 1.0 μM) and showed moderate activity against human influenza viruses of subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 (SI = 9.9 ± 4.6) and A(H3N2) (SI = 12.5 ± 1.3) when determined by the hemagglutination assay (HA-test) and the MTT assay. At the same time, C60(OH)36 was ineffective in vitro against the actual strain of influenza B virus (Victoria lineage). The high bioavailability of fullerenol in combination with its cytoprotective effect, as well as its antiradical and antiviral activity combined with a relatively low toxicity, allows to consider it a promising compound for biomedical applications.

Alina A. Borisenkova

Mikhail Y. Eropkin

Nadezhda I. Konovalova

Anna V. Titova

Maria A. Markova

Zhanna B. Lyutova

Anton S. Mazur

Victor P. Sedov

Vera A. Orlova

Anna N. Lykholay

Diana N. Orlova

Alexandr V. Arutyunyan

Fullerenol C60(OH)36: Antioxidant, Cytoprotective, Anti-Influenza Virus Activity, and Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solutions and Cell Culture Media

富勒醇C60(OH)36：抗氧化、细胞保护、抗流感病毒活性及在水溶液和细胞培养基中的自组装

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a reactive carbonyl compound produced through lipid peroxidation during feed storage, which poses a significant threat to fish health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary MDA on the growth rate, gastrointestinal health, and muscle quality of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). A basal diet (M0) containing 34% crude protein and 10.5% crude lipid was formulated. Each group was sprayed with malondialdehyde solution (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, on dietary crude lipid basis; 0, 0.53, 1.07, 2.13, 4.26, and 8.52 mg/kg, on dietary basis) before feeding, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicates of 30 striped catfish (initial weight 31.38 g) per net cage. After 8 weeks, dietary inclusion of MDA regardless of level significantly depressed the growth rate and feed utilization. The extent of structural damage to the gastrointestinal tract increased progressively with increasing dietary MDA levels. The extent of damage to the intestinal biological barrier (intestinal microbial structure), chemical barrier (trypsin, lipase, amylase, and maltase activity), physical barrier (zonula occludent-2, occludin, claudin 7α, and claudin 12 relative expression), and immune barrier (contents of complement 4, complement 3, immunoglobulin M, and lysozyme activity) was dose-related to dietary MDA. Moreover, a linear decline in the activities of intestinal antioxidant enzymes (catalas, superoxide dismutase, et al.) and anti-inflammatory factor (transforming growth factor beta1, interleukin 10) relative expression was noted alongside an increase in dietary MDA content. In contrast, the relative expression levels of intestinal inflammatory factor (interleukin 8, transcription factor p65, tumor necrosis factor alph) relative expression displayed an opposing trend. Additionally, dietary MDA exerted a linear influence on muscle color and texture characteristics. In conclusion, high doses of MDA (5–80 mg/kg) reduced the growth performance of striped catfish, attributed to linear damage to the gastrointestinal tract, a linear decrease in antioxidant function, and the occurrence of an inflammatory response. High doses of MDA (&gt;40 mg/kg) were observed to significantly increase dorsal muscle b-value and induce muscle yellowing.

Cong Peng

Xinlangji Fu

Yumeng Zhang

Haitao Zhang

Yuantu Ye

Junming Deng

Beiping Tan

Effects of Malondialdehyde on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Health, and Muscle Quality of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

丙二醛对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、胃肠道健康及肌肉品质的影响

The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway is a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases. This review emphasizes the role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators such as dimethyl fumarate (DMF). DMF, initially administered for treating psoriasis, has demonstrated efficacy in multiple sclerosis and is metabolized to monomethyl fumarate, which may exert significant therapeutic effects. DMF activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and recent studies have indicated that its anti-inflammatory effects occur through Nrf2-independent mechanisms. Electrophilic Nrf2 activators, such as DMF, covalently bind to cysteine residues in proteins and modulate their function. We discuss the implications of cysteine residue modifications by DMF, which may cause both therapeutic benefits and potential off-target effects. Furthermore, we propose a chemical proteomics-based drug discovery approach to achieve desired therapeutic effects by selectively covalently modifying cysteines in target proteins. These findings advocate for a broader understanding of the Nrf2-independent mechanisms of electrophilic Nrf2 activators, thereby improving drug discovery strategies that target neurodegenerative diseases while minimizing toxicity.

Yasuhiko Izumi

Yutaka Koyama

Nrf2-Independent Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate: Challenges and Prospects in Developing Electrophilic Nrf2 Activators for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nrf2非依赖性富马酸二甲酯的抗炎作用：开发用于神经退行性疾病的电亲和性Nrf2激活剂的挑战与前景

Osteocyte senescence is associated with skeletal dysfunction, but how to prevent bone loss and find the effective therapeutic targets is a potential scientific concern. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant that causes substantial bone damage in both animals and humans. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) are naturally polyphenolic substances found in various plants and demonstrate significant anti-senescence potential. Here, we investigated the protective effects of OPC against Cd-induced senescence of osteocytes and identify potential regulatory mechanisms. OPC alleviated Cd-induced senescence of osteocytes by attenuating cell cycle arrest, reducing ROS accumulation, and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses in vitro. Furthermore, OPC effectively prevented the Cd-induced breakdown of dendritic synapses in osteocytes in vitro. Correspondingly, OPC ameliorated Cd-induced damage of osteocytes through anti-senescence activity in vivo. Taken together, our results establish OPC as a promising therapeutic agent that ameliorates Cd-induced osteocyte senescence by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

Gengsheng Yu

Zehao Wang

Anqing Gong

Xiaohui Fu

Naineng Chen

Dehui Zhou

Yawen Li

Zongping Liu

Xishuai Tong

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins Ameliorate Cadmium-Induced Senescence of Osteocytes Through Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

寡聚原花青素通过对抗氧化应激和炎症减轻镉诱导的成骨细胞衰老

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	6.04
Quartiles(Global)	FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY(Q1)

Publication Information	Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2012，Proportion of original research papers: 79.39%，Self Citation Rate:8.30%， Gold OA Rate: 99.50%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	期刊官网数据：平均16.3天网友分享经验：11 Weeks

Antioxidants

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