Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374) provides an advanced forum for studies related to the science and technology of biosensors and biosensing. It publishes original research papers, comprehensive reviews and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.

Biosensors is an advanced forum dedicated to the science and technology of biosensors and biosensing. The journal publishes original research papers, comprehensive reviews, and communications, aiming to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There are no restrictions on the length of the papers, and full experimental details must be provided to ensure that results can be reproduced. If full details of calculations or experimental procedures cannot be published in the usual manner, electronic files and software can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.

《Biosensors》是一个专注于生物传感器及其相关技术的高级论坛。期刊发表原创研究论文、综合评述和通讯，旨在鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发布他们的实验和理论结果。对论文的长度没有限制，必须提供完整的实验细节，以便结果能够被复现。如果无法以常规方式发布计算或实验过程的完整细节，相关的电子文件和软件可以作为补充电子材料存放。

Biosensors

Point-of-care testing methods for the rapid and sensitive screening of pathogenic bacteria are urgently needed because of the high number of outbreaks of microbial infections and foodborne diseases. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and multiplex lateral flow assay (LFA) for the simultaneous detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium in complex samples by using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-modified magnetic quantum dots (Mag@QDs) as a universal detection nanoprobe. The Mag@QDs-WGA tag with a 200 nm Fe3O4 core and multiple QD-formed shell was introduced into the LFA biosensor for the universal capture of the two target bacteria and provided the dual amplification effect of fluorescence enhancement and magnetic enrichment for ultra-sensitivity detection. Meanwhile, two antibacterial antibodies were separately sprayed onto the two test lines of the LFA strip to ensure the specific identification of P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium through one test. The proposed LFA exhibited excellent analytical performance, including high capture rate (>80%) to the target pathogens, low detection limit (<30 cells/mL), short testing time (<35 min), and good reproducibility (relative standard deviation < 10.4%). Given these merits, the Mag@QDs-WGA-based LFA has a great potential for the on-site and real-time diagnosis of bacterial samples.

Zhijie Tu

Xingsheng Yang

Hao Dong

Qing Yu

Shuai Zheng

Xiaodan Cheng

Chongwen Wang

Zhen Rong

Shengqi Wang

Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Lateral Flow Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium via Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Functionalized Magnetic Quantum Dot Nanoprobe

超灵敏荧光侧流分析法通过小麦胚凝集素功能化的磁性量子点纳米探针同时检测铜绿假单胞菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is among the main pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. The ability to rapidly and accurately detect A. baumannii and its drug resistance is essential for blocking secondary infections and guiding treatments. In this study, we reported a nucleic acid fluorescent lateral flow assay (NFLFA) to identify A. baumannii and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) in a rapid and quantitative manner by integrating loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and silica–based multilayered quantum dot nanobead tag (Si@MQB). First, a rapid LAMP system was established and optimised to support the effective amplification of two bacterial genes in 35 min. Then, the antibody-modified Si@MQB was introduced to capture the two kinds of amplified DNA sequences and simultaneously detect them on two test lines of a LFA strip, which greatly improved the detection sensitivity and stability of the commonly used AuNP-based nucleic acid LFA. With these strategies, the established LAMP-NFLFA achieved detection limits of 199 CFU/mL and 287 CFU/mL for the RecA (house-keeping gene) and blaOXA-23 (drug resistance gene) genes, respectively, within 43 min. Furthermore, the assay exhibited good repeatability and specificity for detecting target pathogens in real complex specimens and environments; thus, the proposed assay undoubtedly provides a promising and low-cost tool for the on-site monitoring of nosocomial infections.

Qian Wang

Yong Liu

Bing Gu

Long Zhang

Shu Wang

Isothermal Amplification and Hypersensitive Fluorescence Dual-Enhancement Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Drug Resistance

等温扩增与超灵敏荧光双重增强核酸横向流动分析法用于快速检测鲍曼不动杆菌及其耐药性

Graphene-based materials are actively being investigated as sensing elements for the detection of different analytes. Both graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and graphene oxide (GO) produced by the modified Hummers’ method are actively used in the development of biosensors. The production costs of CVD graphene- and GO-based sensors are similar; however, the question remains regarding the most efficient graphene-based material for the construction of point-of-care diagnostic devices. To this end, in this work, we compare CVD graphene aptasensors with the aptasensors based on reduced GO (rGO) for their capabilities in the detection of NT-proBNP, which serves as the gold standard biomarker for heart failure. Both types of aptasensors were developed using commercial gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with either CVD graphene or GO formed on top as a channel of liquid-gated field-effect transistor (FET), yielding GFET and rGO-FET sensors, respectively. The functional properties of the two types of aptasensors were compared. Both demonstrate good dynamic range from 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL. The limit of detection for NT-proBNP in artificial saliva was 100 fg/mL and 1 pg/mL for rGO-FET- and GFET-based aptasensors, respectively. While CVD GFET demonstrates less variations in parameters, higher sensitivity was demonstrated by the rGO-FET due to its higher roughness and larger bandgap. The demonstrated low cost and scalability of technology for both types of graphene-based aptasensors may be applicable for the development of different graphene-based biosensors for rapid, stable, on-site, and highly sensitive detection of diverse biochemical markers.

Anastasiia Kudriavtseva

Stefan Jarić

Nikita Nekrasov

Alexey V. Orlov

Ivana Gadjanski

Ivan Bobrinetskiy

Petr I. Nikitin

Nikola Knežević

Comparative Study of Field-Effect Transistors Based on Graphene Oxide and CVD Graphene in Highly Sensitive NT-proBNP Aptasensors

氧化石墨烯和CVD石墨烯基场效应晶体管在高灵敏度NT-proBNP适体传感器中的比较研究

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive approach for tumor elimination that is attracting more and more attention due to the advantages of minimal side effects and high precision. In typical PDT, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from photosensitizers play the pivotal role, determining the efficiency of PDT. However, applications of traditional PDT were usually limited by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of the photosensitizers employed. Fortunately, photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE-active photosensitizers) have been developed with biocompatibility, effective ROS generation, and superior absorption, bringing about great interest for applications in oncotherapy. In this review, we review the development of AIE-active photosensitizers and describe molecule and aggregation strategies for manipulating photosensitization. For the molecule strategy, we describe the approaches utilized for tuning ROS generation by attaching heavy atoms, constructing a donor-acceptor effect, introducing ionization, and modifying with activatable moieties. The aggregation strategy to boost ROS generation is reviewed for the first time, including consideration of the aggregation of photosensitizers, polymerization, and aggregation microenvironment manipulation. Moreover, based on AIE-active photosensitizers, the cutting-edge applications of PDT with NIR irradiated therapy, activatable therapy, hypoxic therapy, and synergistic treatment are also outlined.

Hao Yu

Binjie Chen

Huiming Huang

Zhentao He

Jiangman Sun

Guan Wang

Xinggui Gu

Ben Zhong Tang

AIE-Active Photosensitizers: Manipulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Applications in Photodynamic Therapy

AIE活性光敏剂：活性氧生成调控及其在光动力治疗中的应用

Automatic high-level feature extraction has become a possibility with the advancement of deep learning, and it has been used to optimize efficiency. Recently, classification methods for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based electroencephalography (EEG) motor imagery have been proposed, and have achieved reasonably high classification accuracy. These approaches, however, use the CNN single convolution scale, whereas the best convolution scale varies from subject to subject. This limits the precision of classification. This paper proposes multibranch CNN models to address this issue by effectively extracting the spatial and temporal features from raw EEG data, where the branches correspond to different filter kernel sizes. The proposed method’s promising performance is demonstrated by experimental results on two public datasets, the BCI Competition IV 2a dataset and the High Gamma Dataset (HGD). The results of the technique show a 9.61% improvement in the classification accuracy of multibranch EEGNet (MBEEGNet) from the fixed one-branch EEGNet model, and 2.95% from the variable EEGNet model. In addition, the multibranch ShallowConvNet (MBShallowConvNet) improved the accuracy of a single-scale network by 6.84%. The proposed models outperformed other state-of-the-art EEG motor imagery classification methods.

Ghadir Ali Altuwaijri

Ghulam Muhammad

A Multibranch of Convolutional Neural Network Models for Electroencephalogram-Based Motor Imagery Classification

基于脑电图的运动想象分类的多分支卷积神经网络模型

β-parvalbumin (β-PV) is the primary fish allergen responsible for most allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to fish. To ensure food safety, a sandwich-based magnetic immunoassay was developed using maleimide-functionalized magnetic beads (NH-MBs). Specific anti-β-PV antibodies were immobilized on these MBs, and a screen-printed carbon electrode was employed as the electrochemical transducer. A linear concentration range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL, a limit of detection of 1.8 ng/mL, and a limit of quantification of 7.1 ng/mL were achieved. Nineteen commercial food samples were analyzed to assess the potential of the sensor for routine use in food quality control. Important factors such as protein source and food processing (e.g., boiling, grilling, and frying) and preservation (e.g., in oil, and vacuum) were evaluated. The validated results confer the usefulness of the assay for food quality control.

José Pedro Rocha

Maria Freitas

Dulce Geraldo

Fátima Bento

Cristina Delerue-Matos

Henri P. A. Nouws

Electrochemical Magnetic Immunoassay for the Determination of the Fish Allergen β-Parvalbumin

电化学磁免疫分析法用于鱼类过敏原β-副肌球蛋白的测定

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Excessive ONOO− in cells leads to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, precise monitoring of ONOO− levels in specific organelles (e.g., mitochondria) is still lacking and urgently needed. Herein, we rationally designed a mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe, MOBDP-I, for imaging of ONOO− in the mitochondria of inflammatory cells and model mice. This probe, MOBDP-I, was synthesized by conjugating a BODIPY fluorophore to a mitochondria-targeting moiety–indole-salt group by a carbon–carbon double bond (C=C). In the presence of ONOO−, the C=C bond between the BODIPY backbone and the indole-salt group was oxidized and broken, leading to an 18-fold enhancement of fluorescence at 510 nm, along with a significant fluorescence decrease at 596 nm. The ratiometric response property bestowed the probe with advantages in the precise quantification of ONOO− in cells, thus allowing estimation of the extent of inflammation in living cells and mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis, peritonitis, and brain inflammation. MOBDP-I could act as an effective molecular tool to study the relationship between ONOO− and the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases.

Qian Wu

Ziwei Hu

Guoyang Zhang

Yulong Jin

Zhuo Wang

BODIPY-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Sensing Peroxynitrite in Inflammatory Cells and Tissues

基于BODIPY的比率型荧光探针用于炎症细胞和组织中过氧亚硝酸盐的检测

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a significant concern, as it can cause severe infections and hemolytic trauma. Given its prevalence in seawater and coastal seafood, it poses a substantial risk as a foodborne pathogen. Biosensor-based detection technology has been continuously evolving, and toehold switches have emerged as a promising area within it, especially in the detection of RNA viruses. Here, we have developed a cell-free toehold switch sensor for V. parahaemolyticus detection. Traditional toehold switch detection methods usually use green fluorescent protein (GFP) or enzyme LacZ as the output signal, with an incubation time as long as 2 h, and are also mainly applied to the detection of RNA viruses. In this study, we introduced a novel, artificially designed luciferase (LuxSit-i) as an output signal and constructed toehold switches with two different output signals (sfGFP, LuxSit-i), aimed at reducing the incubation time of toehold switches. Moreover, to further improve the detection process, we separately utilize recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) to amplify dead and live bacterial suspensions for detection and attempt to distinguish between dead and live bacteria. This study provided a convenient, rapid, and accurate method for the on-site detection of V. parahaemolyticus, especially beneficial for resource-limited settings. By eliminating the requirement for specialized facilities and personnel, this system has the potential to be a valuable tool in improving public health responses, especially in developing regions.

Xiaodan Kang

Chen Zhao

Shuting Chen

Shuran Yang

Xi Zhang

Bin Xue

Chenyu Li

Shang Wang

Xiaobo Yang

Chao Li

Zhigang Qiu

Jingfeng Wang

Zhiqiang Shen

A Novel Approach Using LuxSit-i Enhanced Toehold Switches for the Rapid Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

一种使用LuxSit-i增强型 toehold 开关快速检测副溶血性弧菌的新方法

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents one of the most frequent worldwide causes of morbidity and mortality due to an infectious agent. It is a part of the infamous ESKAPE group, which is highly connected with increased rates of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. S. aureus can cause a large variety of diseases. Protein A (PrA) is a cell-wall-anchored protein of S. aureus with multiple key roles in colonization and pathogenesis and can be considered as a marker of S. aureus. The development of aptasensors, having an aptamer as a specific biorecognition element, increases selectivity, especially when working with complex matrices. The association with state-of-the-art materials, such as MXenes, can further improve the analytical performance. A competitive aptasensor configuration based on a ferrocene (Fc)-labeled cDNA hybridized (cDNA-Fc S13) on a specific aptamer (APT) for PrA in the presence of MXene nanosheets was designed for the indirect detection of S. aureus. The aptasensor displayed a linear range of 10–125 nM, an LOD of 3.33 nM, and a response time under 40 min. This configuration has been tested in real samples from volunteers diagnosed with S. aureus infections with satisfactory results, enabling the perspective to develop decentralized devices for the rapid detection of bacterial strains.

Ana-Maria Tătaru

Alexandra Canciu

Alin-Dan Chiorean

Ioana Runcan

Alexandru Radu

Mădălina Adriana Bordea

Maria Suciu

Mihaela Tertiș

Andreea Cernat

Cecilia Cristea

Competitive Electrochemical Apta-Assay Based on cDNA–Ferrocene and MXenes for Staphylococcus aureus Surface Protein A Detection

基于cDNA-二茂铁和MXenes的竞争性电化学适配体分析法用于金黄色葡萄球菌表面蛋白A检测

Monitoring respiration rate (RR) is crucial in various healthcare settings, particularly during demanding (physical) activities where respiratory dynamics are critical indicators of health status. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of photoplethysmography (PPG)-based monitoring of RR during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its potential applications in healthcare. Between January and March 2024, healthy volunteers participated in a cycling HIIT session with increasing resistance levels. The RR measurements obtained using the PPG-based CardioWatch 287-2 (Corsano Health) were compared with an ECG patch-derived (Vivalink) reference. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on skin type and sex. A total of 35 participants contributed 1794 paired RR measurements. The PPG algorithm for RR monitoring showed an average root mean square (Arms) error of 2.13 breaths per minute (brpm), a bias of −0.09 brpm, and limits of agreement (LoA) from −4.28 to 4.09 brpm. Results were consistent across the different demographic subgroups. The CardioWatch 287-2 therefore demonstrated reliable RR monitoring during HIIT, supporting its potential use in healthcare settings for continuous, non-invasive respiratory monitoring, particularly in physical rehabilitation and chronic respiratory condition management.

Marjolein Muller

Kambiz Ebrahimkheil

Tara Vijgeboom

Casper van Eijck

Eelko Ronner

Evaluation of Photoplethysmography-Based Monitoring of Respiration Rate During High-Intensity Interval Training: Implications for Healthcare Monitoring

高强度间歇训练期间基于光电容积描记术的呼吸频率监测评估：对医疗监测的意义

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	4.84
Quartiles(Global)	NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY(Q2)

Publication Information	Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2011，Proportion of original research papers: 76.42%，Self Citation Rate:10.20%， Gold OA Rate: 99.89%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：11 Weeks

Biosensors

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