THE ARCHIVES OF RHEUMATOLOGY 是土耳其抗风湿病联盟 (TLAR) 的官方期刊，每季出版一期，分别为 3 月、6 月、9 月和 12 月。它发表有关风湿病学和肌肉骨骼系统疾病各个方面的原创作品。风湿病学档案的首要任务是发表高质量的原创研究文章，尤其是在炎症性风湿病方面。除了研究文章，还可以发表简要报告、评论、社论、致编辑的信。它是一份独立的同行评审国际期刊，以英文印刷。稿件由审稿人和作者的“双盲同行评审”程序审阅。风湿病学档案编辑委员会根据世界医学编辑协会 (WAME)、国际医学期刊编辑委员会 ( ICMJE) 和出版道德委员会 (COPE)。

The Archives of Rheumatology is the official journal of the Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR), published quarterly in March, June, September, and December. The journal primarily focuses on original research related to all aspects of rheumatology and musculoskeletal diseases. Its main objective is to publish high-quality original research articles, particularly in the area of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. In addition to research articles, the journal also welcomes brief reports, reviews, editorials, and letters to the editor. It is an independent, peer-reviewed international journal published in English. All submissions undergo a double-blind peer review process involving both reviewers and authors. The editorial board adheres to the guidelines set forth by the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

《Archives of Rheumatology》是土耳其抗风湿病联盟（TLAR）的官方期刊，每季度出版一期，分别在3月、6月、9月和12月发行。期刊主要发表关于风湿病学和肌肉骨骼系统疾病各个方面的原创研究。其首要任务是发布高质量的原创研究文章，尤其是涉及炎症性风湿病的研究。此外，期刊还接受简要报告、评论、社论和致编辑的信件。该期刊是一份独立的国际同行评审期刊，采用英文出版。所有稿件均经过审稿人和作者的双盲同行评审程序。编辑委员会遵循世界医学编辑协会（WAME）、国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）和出版道德委员会（COPE）的指导原则。

Archives of Rheumatology

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) in Turkey using the same telephone questionnaire developed for screening RA and SpA in France and used in Serbia and Lithuania. Material and methods: The study was performed in two steps. In step I, the French questionnaire was translated into Turkish and validated through a group of 200 patients (80 males, 120 females; mean age 44.0±13.1 years; range 19 to 75 years) followed up at the rheumatology departments of University Hospitals in Antalya and Ankara. In step II, the validated Turkish questionnaire was administered face-to-face to randomly selected 4,012 subjects (1,670 males, 2,342 females; mean age 41.5±16.8 years; range 16 to 97 years) by trained general practitioners across the country, in 25 prov- inces for case detection. The subjects who were suspected of having RA or SpA in accordance with the questionnaire were invited to the nearest university hospital for rheumatologic examination in order to confirm the diagnosis. Results: In step II, a total of 25 subjects (2 males, 23 females) were diagnosed as RA. The standardized RA prevalence for the general population of Turkey was calculated as 0.56% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.33-0.79), 0.10% (95% CI; -0.05-0.25) for males and 0.89% (95% CI; 0.51-1.27) for females. A total of 18 subjects (3 males, 15 females) were diagnosed as SpA. The standardized SpA prevalence for the general population of Turkey was 0.46% (95% CI; 0.25-0.67), 0.17% (95% CI; -0.03-0.37) for males and 0.65% (95% CI; 0.32-0.98) for females. The prevalence of RA was highest in the Northern region (2.00%) and the prevalence of SpA was highest in the Central region (1.49%). Conclusion: The prevalences of RA and SpA in Turkey are close to each other and there are significant inter-regional variations in prevalences of both RA and SpA.

Tiraje Tuncer

E Gilgil

C Kaçar

Y Kurtaiş

Ş Kutlay

B Bütün

P Yalçin

Ü Akarirmak

L Altan

F Ardiç

Ö Ardiçoğlu

Z Altay

F Cantürk

L Cerrahoğlu

R Çevik

H Demir

B Durmaz

N Dursun

T Duruöz

C Erdoğan

D Evcik

S Gürsoy

S Hizmetli

E Kaptanoğlu

Ö Kayhan

M Kirnap

S Kokino

E Kozanoğlu

B Kuran

K Nas

S Öncel

D Sindel

S Orkun

T Sarpel

S Savaş

Öf Şendur

K Şenel

H Uğurlu

K Uzunca

İ Tekeoğlu

F Guillemin

Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis in Turkey: A Nationwide Study

土耳其类风湿性关节炎和脊柱关节病的患病率：一项全国性研究

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine and sacroiliac joints. This review discusses recent advances across multiple scientific fields that promise to transform axSpA management. Traditionally, axSpA was considered an immune-mediated disease driven by human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27), interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 signaling, biomechanics, and dysbiosis. Diagnosis relies on clinical features, laboratory tests, and imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nowadays. Management includes exercise, lifestyle changes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and if this is not sufficient to achieve disease control also biological and targeted-synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Beyond long-recognized genetic risks like HLA-B27, high-throughput sequencing has revealed intricate gene-environment interactions influencing dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, and aberrant bone remodeling. Elucidating these mechanisms promises screening approaches to enable early intervention. Advanced imaging is revolutionizing the assessment of axSpA's hallmark: sacroiliac bone-marrow edema indicating inflammation. Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques sensitively quantify disease activity, while machine learning automates complex analysis to improve diagnostic accuracy and monitoring. Hybrid imaging like synthetic MRI/computed tomography (CT) visualizes structural damage with new clarity. Meanwhile, microbiome analysis has uncovered gut ecosystem alterations that may initiate joint inflammation through HLA-B27 misfolding or immune subversion. Correcting dysbiosis represents an enticing treatment target. Moving forward, emerging techniques must augment patient care. Incorporating patient perspectives will be key to ensure innovations like genetics, microbiome, and imaging biomarkers translate into improved mobility, reduced pain, and increased quality of life. By integrating cutting-edge, multidisciplinary science with patients' lived experience, researchers can unlock the full potential of new technologies to deliver transformative outcomes. The future is bright for precision diagnosis, tightly controlled treatment, and even prevention of axSpA.

Vincenzo Venerito

Sergio Del Vescovo

Giuseppe Lopalco

Fabian Proft

Beyond the horizon: Innovations and future directions in axial-spondyloarthritis

超越地平线：轴性脊柱关节炎的创新与未来方向

The study aimed to investigate serum tenascin-C levels and its relationship with pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD) with inflammatory processes.

Haydar Kaplan

Demet Yalcin Kehribar

Muhammed Okuyucu

Metin Ozgen

An investigation of the relationship between Behçet’s disease and tenascin-C

贝赫切特病与腱糖蛋白-C之间关系的研究

Adrian Lee

Arch Rheumatol

Autoantibody phenotyping of antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus patients

抗核抗体阴性系统性红斑狼疮患者的自身抗体表型分析

This study aimed to evaluate the early effectiveness and safety of belimumab in addition to standard therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for 24 weeks.

Lingyan He

Mingming Yan

Rui Wen

Jiali Li

Early effectiveness and safety analysis of belimumab in addition to standard treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

贝利尤单抗联合标准治疗在系统性红斑狼疮患者中的早期疗效和安全性分析

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the thermal characteristics of the small joints of the hands between patients with Rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. Patients and Methods: Fifty-two patients with Rheumatoid arthritis and twenty-six healthy controls were included in the study. Joint tenderness was evaluated using Ritchie Articular index. Joint tenderness was scored from 0 to 3. Thermal data was collected from the hand regions of individuals. A FLIR T450sc microbolometer infrared thermal camera with 320x240 resolution was used for the thermography of individuals. Bilaterally proximal interphalangeal joints (1-5) and metacarpophalangeal joints (1-5) were evaluated. The mean temperature was compared between patients and healthy controls Results: The mean temperature values of the joints in the patients with a Rheumatoid arthritis RAI score of 0, 1, 2,3 were 32.43 ± 1.59°C; 32.71 ± 1.36°C; 33.12 ± 1.23°C; 33.60 ± 0.99 respectively. The mean temperature was 31.14 ± 1.51°C in healthy controls. The mean temperature values of the joints in the Rheumatoid arthritis patients with RAI score of 0 was higher compared to healthy controls (p&lt;0.05). Patients with a Ritchie sensitivity score of 1 had a higher mean temperature compared to patients with score of 0 (p&lt;0.05). In Rheumatoid arthritis patients, the joints with a RAI score of 1 had higher mean temperature values than the joints with RAI score of 0 (p&lt;0.05). The mean temperature values of the joints with RAI score of 2 were also higher than the joints with RAI score of 1 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Thermal imaging may be an objective tool for diagnosis and assessing disease activity in Rheumatoid arthritis.

Sevcan Uğur

Yakup İrim

Ayşe Ayça Yücel

Hamza Feza Carlak

Cahit Kaçar

Thermal Characteristics of the Small Joints of the Hands Between Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Controls.

类风湿性关节炎患者与健康对照者手部小关节的热特性比较。

Objectives: This study aimed to review and describe isolated sixth cranial nerve or abducens nerve palsy that may present with subtle ophthalmoplegia in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Materials and methods: In this systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer-reviewed articles using the keywords “cranial nerve six,” “abducens nerve,” and “giant cell arteritis” from their inception to December 22, 2022. Results: Twenty-five articles, including seven observational studies and 18 cases, were included. While the incidence and prevalence of sixth nerve palsy in GCA were variable, up to 48% of diplopia in GCA were attributed to the sixth cranial nerve palsy, according to the observational studies included. While 88.2% had a resolution of symptoms with 40-50 mg/day of prednisone-equivalent corticosteroids, it took a median of 24.5 days until the resolution of symptoms from the initiation of treatment. Conclusion: This review summarizes the current understanding of the characteristics of sixth nerve palsy in GCA. While most patients may have reversible clinical courses, a few can suffer from persistent ophthalmoplegia, which is a potentially missed yet crucial clinical finding in GCA. Increased awareness of the sixth nerve palsy in GCA is crucial.

Haruki Sawada

Yoshito Nishimura

Hiromichi Tamaki

Sixth cranial nerve palsy in giant cell arteritis: A systematic review

巨细胞动脉炎中的第六对脑神经麻痹：系统综述

Objectives: This study aimed to formulate D2T (difficult to treat) criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) patients and identify the prevalence of D2T patients and their characteristics. Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 166 AxSpA patients (93 males, 73 females; mean age: 47.1±12.9 years; range, 19 to 78 years) between February 2023 and March 2023. The criteria were based on patients treated according to the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for AxSpA. Entry criteria were treatment failure to ≥2 biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs with two different mechanisms of action or ≥3 biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Potential preliminary factors for D2T criteria were analyzed, and the characteristics of the subjects matching D2T criteria were compared with those of others. Results: One hundred forty-two ankylosing spondylitis patients and 24 nonradiographic AxSpA patients were included in the study. The rate of fulfilling the D2T criteria was 22.9% (n=38) among AxsPA patients treated with biological agents. The potential D2T criteria were met by 23.2% of ankylosing spondylitis and 20.8% of nonradiographic AxSpA patients. Baseline characteristics, such as sex, age, diagnosis age, occupation, and education, of D2T patients were not statistically different from other patients. The prevalence of fibromyalgia was higher in D2T patients (p&lt;0.001). Disease activity indices and acute phase response indicators were higher and quality of life was worse in D2T patients. Conclusion: There was a considerable amount of AxSpA patients fulfilling the D2T criteria despite new and effective treatment agents.

Tahir Saygın Öğüt

Funda Erbasan

Mehmet Fatih Şahiner

Mine Nokay

Ayşe Yörük Öğüt

Melis Dilbil

Mustafa Ender Terzioğlu

Veli Yazısız

Difficult-to-treat axial spondyloarthritis patients

难治性轴性脊柱关节炎患者

Objectives: The aim of this study was to translate the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) into Turkish and investigate the perceptions of Turkish-speaking patients with different axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) subtypes regarding exercise benefits and barriers. Patients and methods: This validation study was conducted between June 2018 and December 2021. Patients with axSpA were consecutively assessed regarding physical (age, sex and body mass index) and disease-related characteristics (disease activity, spinal mobility, functional status, quality of life, health status, emotional status, and kinesiophobia). Eligible participants were asked to complete the EBSS and other outcome measurements during their initial visits. EBBS was readministered 7 to 14 days later. Results: One hundred forty-eight patients (89 males, 59 females; mean age: 44.3±11.8 years; range, 19 to 65 years) were included in the study. Of the patients, 108 had radiographic axSpA, and 40 had nonradiographic axSpA. EBBS-Barriers and EBBS-Benefits subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas of 0.82 and 0.95, respectively) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.837 and 0.807, respectively). No significant differences were observed between axSpA subtypes regarding EBBS-Barriers (p=0.12) and EBBS-Benefits (p=0.10) subscales. Significant relationships were detected between kinesiophobia and EBBS-Barriers scores (r=–0.424, p&lt;0.01), as well as EBBS-Benefits scores (r=–0.344, p&lt;0.01) for all patients. EBBS-Benefits scores were correlated to health status (r=–0.412, p=0.08) and quality of life (r=–0.394, p=0.01) in patients with nonradiographic axSpA. Conclusion: According to our results, the Turkish EBBS is a valid and reliable tool for patients with axSpA. Perceptions of the patients with axSpA regarding exercise barriers and benefits do not differ according to the disease subtype. It appears that kinesiophobia may be an important parameter regarding exercise perception in axSpA.

Devrim Can Sarac

Elif Durak Ediboglu

Derya Ozer Kaya

Gozde Duran

Emre Alp Akatay

Sercan Gucenmez

Servet Akar

Deniz Bayraktar

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Exercise Benefits/ Barriers Scale: Perceived exercise benefits and barriers of patients with different axial spondyloarthritis subtypes

土耳其版运动益处/障碍量表的有效性和可靠性：不同轴性脊柱关节炎亚型患者感知到的运动益处和障碍

Wan-hee Yoo

Kyoung Min Kim

Yunjung Choi

The hidden oncological challenge in Sjögren's syndrome with a focus on pharyngeal cancer

干燥综合征中隐匿的肿瘤学挑战：重点关注咽癌

Abbreviation	Arch. Rheumatol.
Journal Impact	1.24
Quartiles(Global)	RHEUMATOLOGY(Q4)

ISSN	2148-5046, 2618-6500
h-index	19

Publication Information	Publisher: Baycinar Medical Publishing，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2014，Proportion of original research papers: 98.57%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 90.73%

Archives of Rheumatology

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