American Journal of Drug Discovery and Development

K. Feroz Khan

G. Sankar

K. Ramamoorth

S. Sugesh

Antibacterial Activities of Salt Marsh Plants Against Marine Ornamental Fish Pathogens

盐沼植物对海洋观赏鱼病原菌的抗菌活性

R.O. Arise

S.O. Malomo

O.A. Bolarinwa

Comparative Antimalarial and Safety Attributes of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Tithonia diversifolia and Morinda lucida in Animal Models

动物模型中水黄菊和亮叶巴戟天叶甲醇提取物的抗疟疾和安全性比较

I.K. Olayemi

Evaluation of Larvicidal Efficacy of Extract of the Fungus Ganoderma lucidum, for the Control of the Filarial Vector Mosquito, Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

评估灵芝提取物对丝虫媒介蚊虫尖音库蚊的杀幼虫效果

Ali Ghorbani Ranjbry

Nazanin Ghorbani Ranjbry

Zahra Ghorbani Ranjbry

Survey on Salmonella Infection Rate in Horses of Some Horse Riding Clubs Southern Iran

伊朗南部部分马术俱乐部马匹沙门氏菌感染率调查

S. Raj Anand

E. Kannan

Medical Super Sensor for Drug Delivery of Cancer Monitoring System Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

用于药物递送的癌症监测系统医疗超级传感器采用改进的粒子群优化

Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne. of Apocynaceae family is an African plant which is used as nutriment as well as for medical purposes due to its health promoting properties.Traditional healers use L. hastata to treat many diseases as hypertension, sexual impotence, trypanosomosis, acute rhinopharyngitis.In quantitative and qualitative terms, the leaves of L. hastata contain significant quantities of secondary metabolites, as triterpenes, total flavonoids, tanins, which can be important in biomedical research.In vivo studies showed the antifertility effect of L. hastata leaves extracts which can be useful for hormonal therapy replacement.Herein, the ecology, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, toxicity and pharmacology of L. hastata in consideration of its antifertility activity is reviewed.In view of its constituents such as steroidal glycosides, triterpenes and polyoxypregnane derivatives, further investigation on the effect of L. hastata on other hormonal endpoints like hormone dependent cancers appears promising.

Bayala Balé

Halabalaki Maria

Ouedraogo Amad&eacut

Keiler Martina Annekathri

Tamboura Hamidou Ha

Vollmer Günte

Leptadenia hastata Pers. (Decne) a Promising Source for Natural Compounds in Biomedical Applications

Leptadenia hastata Pers. (Decne)：生物医学应用中天然化合物的有前途来源

Background and Objective: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the major leading cause of death worldwide according to WHO 2011.The aim of drug utilization research in Coronary artery disease was to facilitate the rational use of drugs in a specialized group of populations.The main objective of the study was to analyze the current trend of prescribing patterns of the drugs used in the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome at study site.Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months in the Department of Medicine from Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center.A total of 120 patients were selected for the study.Patient case files (including patientʼs specific information, drug therapy and laboratory investigations) were used to extract the necessary data.The percentages of data were calculated with the help of regular Microsoft excel 2007 sheet and the Sample size was calculated using the formula.Risk factors contributing to the development of Acute Coronary Syndrome were analyzed and various clinical pharmacy services were provided as a part of the study.Results: Out of the 120 patients enrolled in the study majority were male (81) and were found in the age group of 60-69 years.Smoking constituted the dominant risk factor followed by hypertension.Drug Related Problems (DRPs) found to be equally prevalent among all the age groups and were equally distributed among both the genders.Cessation of drug 28 (23%) and change in dose 17 (14%) were the interventions most frequently provided.The treatment received by the patients was in partial accordance with the ACC/AHA guidelines which was used as a comparative standard for the study.The study also unveiled the scope for the modification of this partial status to whole with the active participation of clinical pharmacists at the bed side.Drug utilization pattern among ACS patients were examined with the help of WHO prescribing indicators.Conclusion: The results were not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing indicators which suggest the necessity of modifying the hospital drug formulary and also to create awareness among physicians about rational drug use.On the whole, this study highlights the need of appropriate and timely interventions by the clinical pharmacist for the improvement of drug use, the patientʼs quality of life and to minimize DRP's.

Siddaruda Malleshapp Biradar

Pournamy .

Neeraja Nayakawadi

Pathi Indu

Manjunatha Rao Ghodkari

Vijaykumar Warad

Navanath Vishwanatha Kalyane

Vijaya Sorangvi

Ediga Narayana Gaviraj

Prescribing Pattern, Drug Utilization and Clinical Pharmacy Services in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

急性冠状动脉综合征患者的处方模式、药物利用及临床药学服务

Renal calculi are crystalline structures of calcium oxalate with associated risk factors like dehydration, high fat diet, animal protein, high salt intake and obesity.Crystals form in the distal tubule, nephron loop and/or collecting tubule have symptoms of severe pain and renal colic.Nephrolithiasis is a global problem affecting all geographical regions.This study compiles the epidemiology of renal calculi focusing on prevalence, occurrence and re-occurrence rate in global perspective.Literature of nephrolithiasis prevalence has been reviewed for Europe, Canada, American, East Asia, Gulf region, Japan, China and different parts of India.Etiology of nephrolithiasis was reviewed in detail for types, factors, symptoms, promoters and inhibitors.Renal calculi induction and progression mechanism was discussed with pathophysiology involved.Water and Food are directly related to occurrence of renal calculi, as a major concern correlation has been discussed.Depending on the type of renal stone, food which are to be avoided and preventive actions were discussed.Concise information was provided on the different experimental models of nephrolithiasis induction in animals.Understanding the pathophysiology of this disorder is necessary for the development of new therapeutic options and treatment.Nephrolithiasis is associated with chronic kidney dysfunction, bone loss and fractures, increased risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus etc. and understanding the pathophysiology is necessary to develop highly effective drugs.

Atul Sohgaura

Papiya Bigoniya

A Review on Epidemiology and Etiology of Renal Stone

肾结石的流行病学与病因综述

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can cause increase in sympathetic activity and simpatoadrenal reflex, associated with increased blood pressure and heart rate.The objective of this study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg kgG 1 b.wt., and fentanyl 2 µg kgG 1 b.wt., to propofol induction dose requirement and hemodynamic response due to laryngoscopy and endotrakheal intubation.Materials and Methods: Randomized, single-blind controlled study, involving 48 patients with ASA physical status I and II planned for elective surgery with general anesthesia in DR (Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital).Subjects are divided into two groups and each group is given dexmedetomidine (D) 0.75 µg kgG 1 b.wt.or fentanyl (F) 2 µg kgG 1 b.wt.intravenously before induction of propofol (50 mg kgG 1 hG 1 ) until the BIS reached 48±2, continued administration of atracurium 0.5 mg kgG 1 and maintenance with 1.0 vol% isoflurane in oxygen 60%.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate are recorded at 1, 3 and 5 min after intubation as well as side effects.Results: Induction dose requirement in D group was less than the F group (p<0.05).In the 1st min, there is a 16.32% increase in average MAP and 18.88% in mean heart rate in F group, whereas a 2.90% increase in average MAP and 3.37% decrease of average heart rate was observed in D group.In the 3rd and 5th min, both groups were able to prevent increase in blood pressure but the F group has not been able to prevent an increase in average heart rate at the 3rd min (3.99% increase).The incidence of hypertension and tachycardia were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion: Induction dose requirement in dexmedetomidine group is less than the fentanyl group (p<0.05).Hemodynamic response on dexmedetomidine 0.75 µg kgG 1 b.wt., is more stable than fentanyl 2 µg kgG 1 b.wt., at 1st min after intubation but at 3rd and 5th min after intubation both groups can maintain stable hemodynamic response with a lower mean heart rate achieved by dexmedetomidine.

Syafri Kamsul Ari

Imtihanah Amri

Anwar Mallongi

Comparison Between the Effect of the Intravenous Dexmedetomidine with Fentanyl on the Propofol Induction Dose Requirement and the Hemodynamic Response Due to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation

静脉注射右美托咪定与芬太尼对丙泊酚诱导剂量需求及喉镜和气管插管引起血流动力学反应的比较

Background and Objective: Phytochemical constituents of herbal extracts has shown positive response of antioxidant activity.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of polyphenolic flavonoids in the ethanolic extract of stem of Nicotiana tabacum.Materials and Methods: Flavonoids contents were determined by both thin layer chromatography and aluminium chloride colorimetric method, where as phenolic content was determine by Folin-Ciocalteau method.Antioxidant activity was observed by determining the electron transfer (DPPH free radical scavenging), enzymatic biochemical assay (SOD and GST activity) and nonenzymatic biochemical assay (GSH content and lipid peroxidation).Results: Flavonoid and phenolic content were found to be present in the ethanolic extract i.e., 12.5±0.1322mg QE gG 1 of extract and 1133.25±0.02mg QE gG 1 of extract, respectively.It was found from the present study that 0.4 mg mLG 1 of ethanolic extract has shown highest level of SOD, GST, GSH and MDA content.The HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract has also revealed the presence of flavonoids in them as compared to standard quercetin.Conclusion: This can be concluded from the present study that ethanolic extract of stem of Nicotiana tabacum has shown the presence of polphenolic flavonoids and antioxidant level can be utilized as traditional herbal remedy.

Publication Information	Publisher: Academic Journals Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2011，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

American Journal of Drug Discovery and Development

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