Alcohol Research: Current Reviews

Over the past century, differences in alcohol use and related harms between males and females in the United States have diminished considerably.In general, males still consume more alcohol and experience and cause more alcohol-related injuries and deaths than females do, but the gaps are narrowing.Among adolescents and emerging adults, gaps in drinking have narrowed primarily because alcohol use among males has declined more than alcohol use among females.Among adults, alcohol use is increasing for women but not for men.Rates of alcohol-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths all have increased among adults during the past two decades.Consistent with the changing patterns of alcohol use, increases in these outcomes have been larger for women.Recent studies also suggest that females are more susceptible than males to alcohol-induced liver inflammation, cardiovascular disease, memory blackouts, hangovers, and certain cancers.Prevention strategies that address the increases in alcohol consumption and unique health risks for women are needed.

A White

Alcohol research

Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Related Harms in the United States

美国酒精使用及相关危害的流行病学中的性别差异

KJ Karriker-Jaffe

Area-Level Social Determinants of Alcohol-Related Mortality: Knowledge Gaps and Implications for Community Health

地区层面酒精相关死亡的社会决定因素：知识差距及其对社区健康的启示

Sex differences may play a critical role in modulating how chronic or heavy alcohol use impacts the brain to cause the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD is a multifaceted and complex disorder driven by changes in key neurobiological structures that regulate executive function, memory, and stress. A three-stage framework of addiction (binge/intoxication; withdrawal/negative affect; preoccupation/anticipation) has been useful for conceptualizing the complexities of AUD and other addictions. Initially, alcohol drinking causes short-term effects that involve signaling mediated by several neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine, corticotropin releasing factor, and glutamate. With continued intoxication, alcohol leads to dysfunctional behaviors that are thought to be due in part to alterations of these and other neurotransmitter systems, along with alterations in neural pathways connecting prefrontal and limbic structures. Using the three-stage framework, this review highlights examples of research examining sex differences in drinking and differential modulation of neural systems contributing to the development of AUD. New insights addressing the role of sex differences in AUD are advancing the field forward by uncovering the complex interactions that mediate vulnerability.

A Flores-Bonilla

Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Alcohol Use Disorder

酒精使用障碍神经生物学中的性别差异

Ivana Graklic

From the Editors

编者按

Alcohol-related liver disease generally has been ascribed to men because men reportedly consume alcohol at an increased rate and quantity as compared to women. Recent literature has reported, however, that rates of liver disease attributed to alcohol use by women have increased, largely due, in part, to the increased number of women who consume alcohol regularly. This increase is a paramount concern, as women are more susceptible than men to the effects of alcohol-related liver injury. Health care providers should make efforts to counsel women on the risks of excess alcohol consumption to prevent further increase in alcohol-related liver disease and its associated complications.

Haripriya Maddur

Alcohol and Liver Function in Women

酒精与女性肝功能

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at heightened risk for alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol use disorder compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. This paper: (a) presents an oppression framework that integrates intersectionality, stress, stigma, and addiction-based theories to examine the complex and nuanced ways oppression-based stress (e.g., minority stress) leads to sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in alcohol use; (b) conducts a narrative review that summarizes recent and novel advancements in the literature on the impact of oppression-based stressors on alcohol use outcomes across structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal domains among SGM people; and (c) provides future research and intervention directions for the alcohol field.

Ethan H Mereish

Oppression-Based Stress and Alcohol Inequities Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: An Intersectional Multilevel Framework

基于压迫的压力与性少数群体的酒精不平等：一个交叉多层次框架

PURPOSE:Growing evidence supports sleep and circadian rhythms as influencing alcohol use and the course of alcohol use disorder (AUD).Studying sleep/circadian-alcohol associations during adolescence and young adulthood may be valuable for identifying sleep/circadian-related approaches to preventing and/or treating AUD.This paper reviews current evidence for prospective associations between sleep/circadian factors and alcohol involvement during adolescence and young adulthood with an emphasis on the effects of sleep/circadian factors on alcohol use. SEARCH METHODS:The authors conducted a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science using the search terms "sleep" and "alcohol" paired with "adolescent" or "adolescence" or "young adult" or "emerging adult," focusing on the title/abstract fields, and restricting to English-language articles.Next, the search was narrowed to articles with a prospective/longitudinal or experimental design, a sleep-related measure as a predictor, an alcohol-related measure as an outcome, and confirming a primarily adolescent and/or young adult sample.This step was completed by a joint review of candidate article abstracts by two of the authors.SEARCH RESULTS: The initial search resulted in 720 articles.After review of the abstracts, the list was narrowed to 27 articles reporting on observational longitudinal studies and three articles reporting on intervention trials.Noted for potential inclusion were 35 additional articles that reported on studies with alcohol-related predictors and sleeprelated outcomes, and/or reported on candidate moderators or mediators of sleep-alcohol associations.Additional articles were identified via review of relevant article reference lists and prior exposure based on the authors' previous work in this area.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the review supports a range of sleep/ circadian characteristics during adolescence and young adulthood predicting the development of alcohol use and/or alcohol-related problems.Although sleep treatment studies in adolescents and young adults engaging in regular and/or heavy drinking show that sleep can be improved in those individuals, as well as potentially reducing alcohol craving and alcohol-related consequences, no studies in any age group have yet demonstrated that improving sleep reduces drinking behavior.Notable limitations include relatively few longitudinal studies and only two experimental studies, insufficient consideration of different assessment timescales (e.g., day-to-day vs. years), insufficient consideration of the multidimensional nature of sleep, a paucity of objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, and insufficient consideration of how demographic variables may influence sleep/circadian-alcohol associations.Examining such moderators, particularly those related to minoritized identities, as well as further investigation of putative mechanistic pathways linking sleep/circadian characteristics to alcohol outcomes, are important next steps.

BP Hasler

Sleep-Related Predictors of Risk for Alcohol Use and Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults

青少年和年轻成人中与睡眠相关的酒精使用及相关问题风险预测因素

Binge drinking (i.e., consuming enough alcohol to achieve a blood ethanol concentration of 80 mg/dL, approximately 4-5 drinks within 2 hours), particularly in early adolescence, can promote progressive increases in alcohol drinking and alcohol-related problems that develop into compulsive use in the chronic relapsing disease, alcohol use disorder (AUD). Over the past decade, neuroimmune signaling has been discovered to contribute to alcohol-induced changes in drinking, mood, and neurodegeneration. This review presents a mechanistic hypothesis supporting high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling as key elements of alcohol-induced neuroimmune signaling across glia and neurons, which shifts gene transcription and synapses, altering neuronal networks that contribute to the development of AUD. This hypothesis may help guide further research on prevention and treatment.

Fulton T Crews

Leon G Coleman

Victoria A Macht

Ryan P Vetreno

Alcohol, HMGB1, and Innate Immune Signaling in the Brain

酒精、HMGB1与大脑先天免疫信号传导

PURPOSE:By 2040, 21.6% of Americans will be over age 65, and the population of those older than age 85 is estimated to reach 14.4 million.Although not causative, older age is a risk factor for dementia: every 5 years beyond age 65, the risk doubles; approximately one-third of those older than age 85 are diagnosed with dementia.As current alcohol consumption among older adults is significantly higher compared to previous generations, a pressing question is whether drinking alcohol increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.SEARCH METHODS: Databases explored included PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.To accomplish this narrative review on the effects of alcohol consumption on dementia risk, the literature covered included clinical diagnoses, epidemiology, neuropsychology, postmortem pathology, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and translational studies.Searches conducted between January 12 and August 1, 2023, included the following terms and combinations: "aging," "alcoholism," "alcohol use disorder (AUD)," "brain," "CNS," "dementia," "Wernicke," "Korsakoff," "Alzheimer," "vascular," "frontotemporal," "Lewy body," "clinical," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "pathology," "autopsy," "postmortem," "histology," "cognitive," "motor," "neuropsychological," "magnetic resonance," "imaging," "PET," "ligand," "degeneration," "atrophy," "translational," "rodent," "rat," "mouse," "model," "amyloid," "neurofibrillary tangles," "α-synuclein," or "presenilin."When relevant, "species" (i.e., "humans" or "other animals") was selected as an additional filter.Review articles were avoided when possible.SEARCH RESULTS: The two terms "alcoholism" and "aging" retrieved about 1,350 papers; adding phrases-for example, "postmortem" or "magnetic resonance"-limited the number to fewer than 100 papers.Using the traditional term, "alcoholism" with "dementia" resulted in 876 citations, but using the currently accepted term "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" with "dementia" produced only 87 papers.Similarly, whereas the terms "Alzheimer's" and "alcoholism" yielded 318 results, "Alzheimer's" and "alcohol use disorder (AUD)" returned only 40 citations.As pertinent postmortem pathology papers were published in the 1950s and recent animal models of Alzheimer's disease were created in the early 2000s, articles referenced span the years 1957 to 2024.In total, more than 5,000 articles were considered; about 400 are herein referenced.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Chronic alcohol misuse accelerates brain aging and contributes to cognitive impairments, including those in the mnemonic domain.The consensus among studies from multiple disciplines, however, is that alcohol misuse can increase the risk for dementia, but not necessarily Alzheimer's disease.Key issues to consider include the reversibility of brain damage following abstinence from chronic alcohol misuse compared to the degenerative and progressive course of Alzheimer's disease, and the characteristic presence of protein inclusions in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, which are absent in the brains of those with AUD.

NM Zahr

Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review

酒精使用障碍与痴呆：综述

短名	ARCR
Journal Impact	7.74

ISSN	2168-3492, 2169-4796
h-index	113

涉及主题	医学生物心理学化学生物化学精神科有机化学酒内科学环境卫生社会学遗传学哲学政治学病理神经科学法学心理治疗师临床心理学计算机科学护理部酒精使用障碍饮酒量
出版信息	出版商: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2012，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%

Alcohol Research: Current Reviews

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Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Related Harms in the United States

Area-Level Social Determinants of Alcohol-Related Mortality: Knowledge Gaps and Implications for Community Health

Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Alcohol Use Disorder

From the Editors

Alcohol and Liver Function in Women

Area-Level Social Determinants of Alcohol-Related Mortality: Knowledge Gaps and Implications for Community Health

Oppression-Based Stress and Alcohol Inequities Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: An Intersectional Multilevel Framework

Sleep-Related Predictors of Risk for Alcohol Use and Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults

Alcohol, HMGB1, and Innate Immune Signaling in the Brain

Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review