Current Treatment Options in Rheumatology

Abstract Purpose of review To identify clues to disease activity and discuss therapy options. Recent findings The diagnostic evaluation includes documenting symmetrical proximal muscle damage by exam and MRI, as well as elevated muscle enzymes—aldolase, creatine phosphokinase, LDH, and SGOT—which often normalize with a longer duration of untreated disease. Ultrasound identifies persistent, occult muscle inflammation. The myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) are associated with specific disease course variations. Anti-NXP-2 is found in younger children and is associated with calcinosis; anti-TIF-1γ+ juvenile dermatomyositis has a longer disease course. The diagnostic rash—involving the eyelids, hands, knees, face, and upper chest—is the most persistent symptom and is associated with microvascular compromise, reflected by loss of nailfold (periungual) end row capillaries. This loss is associated with decreased bioavailability of oral prednisone; the bioavailability of other orally administered medications should also be considered. At diagnosis, at least 3 days of intravenous methyl prednisolone may help control the HLA-restricted and type 1/2 interferon–driven inflammatory process. The requirement for avoidance of ultraviolet light exposure mandates vitamin D supplementation. Summary This often chronic illness targets the cardiovascular system; mortality has decreased from 30 to 1–2% with corticosteroids. New serological biomarkers indicate occult inflammation: ↑CXCL-10 predicts a longer disease course. Some biologic therapies appear promising.

Lauren M. Pachman

Brian E. Nolan

Deidre DeRanieri

Amer M. Khojah

Curr Treat Options in Rheum

Juvenile Dermatomyositis: New Clues to Diagnosis and Therapy

幼年皮肌炎：诊断与治疗的新线索

Carolina Cunha Moraes Accioly

Janice Guimarães

Alécio Jorge Alves de Lima Brasileiro

Bruno Corrente Tanaca

Maria Cristina Souza e GomesGomes

Ramon Rosa de Assis Martins

Fabio Arcanjo

Mansueto Gomes Neto

Therapeutic Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Compared to Corticosteroid Injection on Pain and Function in People with Plantar Fasciitis: An Overview and Update of Systematic Reviews

富血小板血浆注射与皮质类固醇注射治疗足底筋膜炎疼痛和功能的疗效比较：系统评价的概述与更新

Miruna Carnaru

Monique Hinchcliff

Soluble Biomarkers for Prediction of Vascular and Gastrointestinal Disease Severity in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

系统性硬化症患者血管和胃肠道疾病严重程度的可溶性生物标志物预测

Daniel Glaser

Kathryn S. Torok

Evaluation and Treatment of Pediatric Localized Scleroderma: Pearls and Updates

儿童局限性硬皮病的评估与治疗：要点与最新进展

Jeremy Y. Ng

Ashlee M. Azizudin

Quantity and Quality of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Clinical Practice Guidelines: Systematic Review and Assessment Using AGREE II

类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎临床实践指南的数量和质量：使用AGREE II进行的系统回顾和评估

Mary Beth Humphrey

Current Treatment for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Beyond Bisphosphonates

糖皮质激素诱导性骨质疏松的当前治疗：超越双膦酸盐

Ziga Vodusek

Clifton O Bingham

Christopher Mecoli

Treatment of Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease and the Risk of Malignancy

自身免疫性风湿病治疗与恶性肿瘤风险

Alene A. Saavedra

Kevin T. Mueller

Emily N. Kowalski

Grace Qian

Katarina J. Bade

Kathleen M. M. Vanni

Gregory C. McDermott

Jeffrey A. Sparks

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: An appraisal of the 2023 ACR/CHEST guideline

类风湿性关节炎相关间质性肺病的治疗：2023年ACR/CHEST指南评估

Abstract Purpose of review (Levamisole adulterated) cocaine can cause a number of symptoms. One of the most severe is cocaine-induced vasculitis, which is hard to both diagnose and treat. We conducted a review to summarize the most recent findings on symptomatology, treatment options, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) positivity and pathophysiology. Recent findings In the past years multiple large cohort studies have been published extensively describing the symptomology and rates of ANCA positivity in patients with (levamisole-adulterated) cocaine-induced vasculitis. These studies also give more insight into the effects of different treatment strategies. Summary The mainstay of treatment is abstinence of cocaine supported by antibiotics in case of concomitant infections and/or immunosuppressive medication depending on symptoms. ANCA positivity is a hallmark of more extensive disease and is a characteristic of immune system activation. In cocaine-induced vasculitis, dual positivity for both proteinase 3(PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA is described and some patients are found to have human elastase type (HNE-)ANCA. HNE-ANCA positivity varies in patients with cocaine-induced midline destruction (CIMDL) from 28-84%, but has not been researched thoroughly in patients with cocaine-induced vasculitis. We present our hypothesis of a “sliding-scale” by which CIMDL turns into cocaine-induced systemic vasculitis based upon recent literature and we describe the mechanisms by which cocaine-induced vasculitis develops.

Johan W. J. Donkers

Robert A. Feijen

Abraham Rutgers

(Levamisole Adulterated) Cocaine-Induced Vasculitis: What Is Known/Current Evidence

（掺假左旋咪唑）可卡因诱导的血管炎：已知情况/当前证据

Abbreviation	Curr Treat Options in Rheum
Journal Impact	1.79
Quartiles(Global)	RHEUMATOLOGY(Q3)

Publication Information	Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: ，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate: 13.33

Current Treatment Options in Rheumatology

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Juvenile Dermatomyositis: New Clues to Diagnosis and Therapy

Therapeutic Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Compared to Corticosteroid Injection on Pain and Function in People with Plantar Fasciitis: An Overview and Update of Systematic Reviews

Soluble Biomarkers for Prediction of Vascular and Gastrointestinal Disease Severity in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Evaluation and Treatment of Pediatric Localized Scleroderma: Pearls and Updates

Quantity and Quality of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Clinical Practice Guidelines: Systematic Review and Assessment Using AGREE II

Therapeutic Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Compared to Corticosteroid Injection on Pain and Function in People with Plantar Fasciitis: An Overview and Update of Systematic Reviews

Current Treatment for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Beyond Bisphosphonates

Treatment of Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease and the Risk of Malignancy

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: An appraisal of the 2023 ACR/CHEST guideline

(Levamisole Adulterated) Cocaine-Induced Vasculitis: What Is Known/Current Evidence