Arktika: Ekologia i Ekonomika

The work is aimed at determining the age of ice wedges, as well as at characterizing winter temperature fluctuations during the formation of the Yedoma based on the isotopic composition of ice wedges in the unique outcrop of the Batagay mega-slump. The researchers carried out a detailed sampling from the Upper Ice Wedge Complex of the Batagay Yedoma, determined the isotopic composition in three ice wedges at different altitudes. The results of radiocarbon dating of organic matter from ice wedge confirm the time of syngenetic formation of the upper-tier ice wedges in the range from 27.2 to 30.8 thousand cal. years. Ice wedges of the lower tier, according to the results of radiocarbon dating of ice accumulated 44.7—47.9 thousand years ago simultaneously at different levels: 274—268 m and 224—227 respectively. The study of yedoma deposits and ice-wedge ice made it possible to obtain data on climatic fluctuations in a region with the most severe continental climate. Direct radiocarbon dating of syngenetic ice wedges provided dating of ice growth in the Batagay yedoma, data on the content of stable isotopes in the ice demonstrated stable and very harsh conditions of the winter season. The air paleotemperature in Batagay in January 47—42 and 30—25 thousand cal. years ago was consistently low about –51°C.

Y.K. Vasil’chuk

A.C. Vasil’chuk

N.A. Budantseva

J.Y. Vasil’chuk

Arctic Ecology and Economy

January air palaeotemperature during MIS-3-2 in North-Eastern Yakutia, reconstructed from a high-resolution record of the isotopic composition of syngenetic ice wedges of the Batagay Yedoma

MIS-3-2期间东北亚库特地区1月古气温：基于巴塔盖耶多马冰楔同生冰同位素组成的高分辨率记录重建

The Komi Republic, occupying a vast (416.8 thousand km2) territory in the European northeast with a small (less than 800 thousand people) population, belongs to the regions with poor development of the sanatorium-resort complex, though with a large potential. In the republic, the role of mineral waters as a natural healing factor is not sufficiently appreciated and the use is limited. Natural medicinal resources of the Komi Republic — different in composition and properties, according to the main balneological indicators, underground mineral waters that can have a strong physiological effect on the human body are represented by groups: bromine, iodine-bromine, boron, hydrogen sulfide, ferruginous and with a high content of organic matter, with a maximum the distribution of waters “without specific components and properties.” The general characteristics of exploited mineral water deposits are given. Highly mineralized waters and brines from three deposits are used for balneotherapy, industrial bottling is carried out at two deposits of medicinal mineral drinking waters. The degree of development of explored mineral reserves is only 1% of the total. The average value of mineral water bottled in the republic is only 5 l/year per person. On the territory of the Komi Republic in the Arctic zone there are two deposits of drinking mineral waters: Yaneytyvisskoe in the area of the city of Vorkuta and Komanyurskoe in the city of Usinsk, which are not used. On their basis, it is possible to create enterprises for the production of bottled therapeutic mineral waters. Mineral underground water deposits have not been explored within the Nenets Autonomous Area, while the Pymva-Shor thermal springs are especially promising in using for balneological purposes. The author has substantiated the wider use of mineral waters for resort and economic development of the territory.

T.P. Mityusheva

Resource base of therapeutic mineral waters in the Komi Republic

科米共和国治疗矿泉水的资源基础

The paper is aimed at a quantitative assessment of the air temperature influence degree on the depth of seasonal thawing of the road soil bases in the permafrost zone. The authors propose a simple algorithm for assessing the influence of the main initial values and the accuracy of their determination on the final result of calculating the depth of soil thawing. They have established that for each value of the average air temperature there is a specific value of the required accuracy of setting it when charring out thermal calculations, which will avoid errors in determining the depth of soil thawing that is greater than what is permissible in engineering practice.

A.F. Galkin

N.A. Plotnikov

V.Y. Pankov

The effect of air temperature on thawing depth of the road base

空气温度对路基解冻深度的影响

Using the example of the Primorsky district of the Arkhangelsk Territory, the authors give the characteristics of transport services for hard-to-reach settlements in the Russian Arctic. They show the influence of socio-economic factors on passenger transportation and the need of the local population for transport services. The authors outline that the lack of a road network and year-round automobile communication causes the high dependence of local residents on waterways. At the same time, the level of water transport service is low and does not cover the population’s needs for passenger transportation. The research shows the role of small-sized shipping in organizing the transport mobility of the population. The studied influence of climatic factors on shipping has become especially noticeable in connection with the general socio-economic crisis and the increased need of rural residents for regular trips to regional and district centers. The researchers propose the ways to improve the level of transport services, which include the development of a scientifically based regional program for providing the population with transport, taking into account social needs, economic development of the territory and natural and climatic factors.

M.V. Nenasheva

I.V. Grishchenko

Organization of transport services for the population of the Russian Arctic remote areas (using the example of the Arkhangelsk region)

俄罗斯北极偏远地区人口运输服务的组织（以阿尔汉格尔斯克地区为例）

In the tundra swamps of Samoilovsky Island carbon reserves amounted to 21.5 kg TOC/m2 and 0.6 kg TIC/m2. On Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island it makes 51.6 kg TOC/m2 and 5.9 kg TIC/m2. In the grass-hypnum bogs of Kotelny island 12.4 kg TOC/m2 and 0.3 kg TIC/m2 are deposited. On the coastal outcrops of Samoilovsky island with thermal abrasion and thermal denudation reserves vary between 85.8—115.5 kg TOC/m2 and 6.9—7.3 kg TIC/m2, and on Bolshoy Lyakhovsky island — 51.6 kg TOC/m2 and 5.4 kg TIC/m2. In the baidzharakhs of Bolshoy Lyakhovsky island the average carbon reserves make 38.6 kg TOC/m2 and 6.1 kg TIC/m2.

A.G. Shepelev

Carbon reserves in the upper soil sediments of Samoilovsky, Bolshoy Lyakhovsky and Kotelny islands

萨莫伊洛夫斯基、大利亚霍夫斯基和科捷利内岛土壤上层沉积物中的碳储量

The study presents estimates of the required power capacity of superships intended for year-round operation in the Eastern sector of the Arctic, using the example of bow-first operation following an icebreaker in a narrow ice channel. The authors pay particular attention to the contour shapes, the going mode along the ice channel, as well as the vessel ice class. The study results prove that the use of large-tonnage vessels with a moderate icebreaking bow will require a noticeable increase in the propulsion power to ensure regular navigation at a speed that is effective for the operation of the maritime transport system.

A.A. Dobrodeev

K.E. Sazonov

What should be the power capacity of a supership to operate in the Eastern part of the Arctic?

北极东部地区运营的超级船只应具备多大的电力容量？

The authors present the results of a comparative assessment of biogas emissions and chemical composition of filtration waters at facilities of accumulated environmental harm — dumps/landfills of solid municipal waste located in the Arctic and non-Arctic regions of Russia. The analysis shows that biogas emissions at the Arctic sites are approximately 19—23.5 times lower than at sites in constituent entities of the Russian Federation not part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Sites of accumulated harm in terms of chemical composition of filtration waters and biogas emissions, depending on the stage of biochemical destruction of waste, are in the 4th—5th stages of biodegradation and destruction of waste (phases of stable methanogenesis and assimilation). The authors suggest executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as design organizations to use the research results in the development of measures and technical solutions for the elimination of decommissioned dumps/landfills of solid municipal waste.

E.A. Pichugin

B.E. Shenfeld

M.S. Dyakov

Comparative assessment of biogas emissions and the chemical composition of filtration waters at damps/landfills of solid municipal waste in the Arctic zone and the regions of central Russia

北极地区和俄罗斯中部地区固体城市垃圾填埋场生物气排放及过滤水化学成分的比较评估

The process of evaporation of gas condensate during emergency blowout of an underwater well has been studied insufficiently. The influence of various factors on the size of the zone of intense evaporation of gas condensate during the blowout of a shallow gas condensate well requires detailed consideration. In this paper, the researchers, using mathematical modeling, have analyzed this effect for wells with parameters characteristic of the Russian Arctic region. They have performed the calculations using the SPILLMOD model and the Lagrangian element evolution model. A significant dependence of the gas outlet area size and the gas blowout size on the sea surface on the values of the gas plume involvement parameter in the model has been revealed, and at the same time a weak dependence of the size of the zone of intense evaporation of gas condensate on this parameter. The values of the mass flow rate of gas condensate in the discharge, as well as its fractional composition, have a noticeably greater effect.

V.V. Solbakov

S.N. Zatsepa

A.A. Ivchenko

Methodological aspects of the analysis of factors affecting the evaporation of gas condensate during underwater blowout

水下井喷期间影响凝析油蒸发因素分析的方法论方面

The paper presents a comprehensive study of the C22 gas blowout Doublet object formed in 2023 in the central part of Yamal peninsula carried out with the use of remote sensing (RS) data and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The object is situated 12.7 km south of the Bovanenkovo field. The uniqueness of the C22 crater lies in its location — 230 m from a similar, widely-known C2 object exploded in 2012, which is why the C22 object is named ‘Doublet’. Based on RS data the researchers have determined that within August 23 and September 3, 2023 the C22 permafrost heaving mound (PHM) exploded. According to ArcticDEM data for the period 2011-2023, the features of changes in the size of C22 PHM have been studied, including an abnormally high average growth rate of 44 cm/year three years before its explosion, which can serve as one of the criteria for identifying explosive PHM objects. The UAV data of May 14, 2024 has resulted in building a 3D model, which displays a partially snow-covered cavity in a ground ice massif. The depth of the cavity from the crater parapet is at least 28.5 m, the diameter of the crater neck is about 13 m. In the lower part, the cavity widens to 26 m and additionally extends by at least 8 m in the NNW direction at an azimuth of about 341°, which is consistent with the direction of the faults of the Bovanenkovo field identified by seismic exploration data. The bottom of the cavity has an elliptical shape with the size from 26×33 m to 26×41 m. The study is interdisciplinary and is included in the list of critical technologies for the prevention and reduction of risks of natural and man-made emergencies.

V.I. Bogoyavlensky

I.V. Bogoyavlensky

R.A. Nikonov

Development monitoring of the C22 gas blowout Doublet object on Yamal peninsula using remote sensing data

利用遥感数据对亚马尔半岛C22气井喷发双对象的发展监测

The study deals with the climatic changes in surface air temperature (SAT) in the western part of the Russian Arctic (60—80° N, 30—90° E). To analyze the changes in SAT that occurred over the period 1940—2023, we use data from the ERA5 reanalysis and the results of the Historical model experiment CMIP6. Future changes in SAT until the end of the 21st century we consider based on the results of SSP experiments of CMIP6 models. An increase in the average SAT of the studied region by 2—4°C is shown from approximately the mid-1970s to 2023. Moreover, this increase in SAT is most noticeable in the White and Kara Seas, as well as in the north and east of the Barents Sea. CMIP6 models based on different greenhouse gas emission scenarios produce markedly different forecasts for the increase in SAT for the region under study until the end of the 21st century. Thus, depending on the scenario, the average increase in SAT in the region under study by the end of the 21st century can range from 2—4°C to 6—10°, with stronger growth of SAT in the north of the region under study. At the same time, with little dependence on the future scenario, CMIP6 models predict that in the next 30 years the average SAT of the western part of the Russian Arctic will increase by approximately 2—3°C, and in the north of the region under study its increase may be more than 3°C, and in south — about 2°C. Thus, the difference in average SAT between the north and south of the region under study will decrease throughout the 21st century under any of the SSP scenarios considered.

I.V. Serykh

A.V. Tolstikov

Climatic changes of air temperature in the western part of the Russian Arctic in 1940—2099 according to ERA5 data and CMIP6 models

根据ERA5数据和CMIP6模型分析1940—2099年俄罗斯北极西部气温的气候变化

涉及主题	地质学生物生态学海洋学地理北极的环境科学北极工程类物理计算机科学经济历史考古政治学化学
出版信息	出版商: Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2020，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%
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Arktika: Ekologia i Ekonomika

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